Filed: Jun. 28, 2010
Latest Update: Feb. 21, 2020
Summary: [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT _ FILED U.S. COURT OF APPEALS No. 09-16255 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT Non-Argument Calendar JUNE 28, 2010 _ JOHN LEY CLERK D. C. Docket No. 08-00486-CR-6-BBM-1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus CEMEKA MITCHEM, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia _ (June 28, 2010) Before BARKETT, HULL and MARCUS, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Cemeka Mitchem ap
Summary: [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT _ FILED U.S. COURT OF APPEALS No. 09-16255 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT Non-Argument Calendar JUNE 28, 2010 _ JOHN LEY CLERK D. C. Docket No. 08-00486-CR-6-BBM-1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus CEMEKA MITCHEM, Defendant-Appellant. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia _ (June 28, 2010) Before BARKETT, HULL and MARCUS, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Cemeka Mitchem app..
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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________ FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
No. 09-16255 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
Non-Argument Calendar JUNE 28, 2010
________________________ JOHN LEY
CLERK
D. C. Docket No. 08-00486-CR-6-BBM-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
CEMEKA MITCHEM,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
_________________________
(June 28, 2010)
Before BARKETT, HULL and MARCUS, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Cemeka Mitchem appeals from her 135-month sentence, imposed after she
pled guilty to conspiracy to possess, with intent to distribute, at least 5 kilograms
of cocaine, and 50 grams of cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1),
(b)(1)(A)(ii), (iii), and 846. On appeal that: (1) the district court erred in assessing
her a criminal history point based on a prior uncounseled conviction; and (2) the
district court erred in denying her safety valve relief, pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2.
After thorough review, we affirm.
We review the district court’s interpretation of the sentencing guidelines and
statutes de novo, and its findings of fact for clear error. United States v. Valnor,
451 F.3d 744, 750 (11th Cir. 2006); United States v. Poyato,
454 F.3d 1295, 1297
(11th Cir. 2006).
First, we are unpersuaded by Mitchem’s claim that the district court erred in
calculating her criminal history. “In resolving any dispute concerning a factor
important to the sentencing determination, the court may consider relevant
information without regard to its admissibility under the rules of evidence
applicable at trial, provided that the information has sufficient indicia of reliability
to support its probably accuracy.” United States v. Docampo,
573 F.3d 1091, 1098
(11th Cir. 2009), cert. denied, ___ S.Ct. ___ (No. 09-7833, Apr. 5, 2010) (citing
U.S.S.G. § 6A1.3, and holding that hearsay evidence was reliable when
corroborated by the defendant’s own testimony). In addition, the Supreme Court
has held that, as long as no prison term was imposed, “a defendant charged with a
misdemeanor had no constitutional right to counsel,” and that uncounseled
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misdemeanor conviction may be used to enhance her sentence for a subsequent
conviction. Nichols v. United States,
511 U.S. 738, 743, 748-49 (1994) (citing
Scott v. Illinois,
440 U.S. 367 (1979)).
As an initial matter, since official court records were destroyed by a North
Carolina court, there was some uncertainty regarding whether Mitchem received a
prison sentence as a result of her concealed weapon conviction. In resolving the
dispute, the district court was free to consider any relevant information with
sufficient indicia of reliability. See
Docampo, 573 F.3d at 1098. In doing so, it
considered two pieces of contradicting evidence -- Mitchem’s unchallenged, sworn
testimony that she did not receive any prison sentence, and an unchallenged,
unauthenticated computer printout from the sentencing court indicating that
Mitchem received a 30-day suspended sentence.
In her testimony, Mitchem repeatedly stated that she did not receive any
prison sentence, and asserted that she remembered it “clearly.” She also testified,
however, that she neither received, nor signed, any paperwork regarding her plea
or sentence. Although the latter aspect of her testimony seems implausible, we
must give particular deference to the district court’s credibility determinations
when it had the benefit of witnessing live testimony. See Owens v. Wainwright,
698 F.2d 1111, 1113 (11th Cir. 1983) (“Appellate courts reviewing a cold record
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give particular deference to credibility determinations of a fact-finder who had the
opportunity to see live testimony.”). As a result, since Mitchem’s testimony was
internally consistent and unchallenged, the court did not commit clear error in
considering it as reliable evidence of her actual sentence, and finding that no prison
sentence was imposed. Moreover, since no prison sentence was imposed, Mitchem
had no right to counsel, and the district court properly used her uncounseled
misdemeanor conviction to enhance her sentence, by assessing her one criminal
history point. See
Nichols, 511 U.S. at 743, 748-49.
We likewise reject Mitchem’s claim that the district court erred in denying
her safety valve relief. To be eligible for a sentence below the statutory minimum
sentence, or a “safety valve,” a defendant must satisfy five conditions, including
that the defendant “does not have more than 1 criminal history point.” U.S.S.G. §
5C1.2(a). The burden of proving eligibility for safety valve relief rests on the
defendant. United States v. Cruz,
106 F.3d 1553, 1557 (11th Cir. 1997). Further, a
district court may deny safety valve relief it if finds, by a preponderance of the
evidence, that the defendant has not satisfied each of the criteria.
Poyato, 454 F.3d
at 1299-1300.
As discussed above, the district court did not err in assigning Mitchem one
criminal history point for her concealed weapon conviction. In addition, Mitchem
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does not challenge on appeal the criminal history point assigned based on her
North Carolina conviction for marijuana possession. As a result, the district court
did not err in finding that Mitchem had two criminal history points, and thus, was
ineligible for safety valve relief. See
id. Accordingly, we affirm.
AFFIRMED.
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