Being able to speak multiple languages can be a blessing, and it can be a challenge when it comes to education. Bilingual education refers to the issues inherent in educating students who do not read, speak, and understand English as their first lang...
The 1959 Cuban revolution and Fidel Castro, of all people, played a role in the development of bilingual education. English as a Second Language (or “ESL”) programs came about first with The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and then the Bilingual Education Act of 1968.
Five decades ago there were no state bilingual programs. Many states had English-only instruction laws on their books. After the Civil Rights Act and the Bilingual Education Act, states began to take more initiative. In 1971, Massachusetts became the first state to establish a bilingual mandate.
One of the most important rights Americans have is the right to a free public education. No child in the United States, whether native- or foreign-born, can be denied access to a public school for elementary and secondary education.
For generations, American schools were segregated by race. When the law called for this practice to end, desegregation theory and practice took different forms. As communities struggled with finding the best ways to desegregate, the racial divide seemed to widen.
One of the most fundamental rights Americans have is the right to a free public education, yet education inequalities have existed as far back as the late nineteenth century when schools segregated their students. It is easy to forget that for genera...
Bilingualism has always been a part of our history. In the early days of our nation, French, Spanish, Dutch, and German were as common as English. The history of bilingual education in America has been as layered and diverse as the breadth of immigrants who settled here.
Any public school or university that receives federal funding is required to abide by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 . Generally, this means schools must not discriminate against anyone (including students, staff, and other parties) on ...
Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in public schools due to race, color, or national origin. Public schools include elementary schools, secondary schools and public colleges and universities. The following is a brief history of race discrimination in education.
Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any educational program or activity. In a school setting, potential harassers can be a teacher or school employee, as well as other students. The line is sometimes blurred as to what constitute...
