Filed: Aug. 09, 2013
Latest Update: Mar. 28, 2017
Summary: Case: 13-11383 Date Filed: 08/09/2013 Page: 1 of 8 [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT _ No. 13-11383 Non-Argument Calendar _ D.C. Docket No. 1:12-cv-02609-WSD HOWARD D. HOROWITZ, Plaintiff- Appellant, versus CITIMORTGAGE, INC., Defendant -Appellee. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia _ (August 9, 2013) Before HULL, JORDAN, and HILL, Circuit Judges. Case: 13-11383 Date Filed: 08/09/2013 Page: 2 of 8 PER
Summary: Case: 13-11383 Date Filed: 08/09/2013 Page: 1 of 8 [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT _ No. 13-11383 Non-Argument Calendar _ D.C. Docket No. 1:12-cv-02609-WSD HOWARD D. HOROWITZ, Plaintiff- Appellant, versus CITIMORTGAGE, INC., Defendant -Appellee. _ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia _ (August 9, 2013) Before HULL, JORDAN, and HILL, Circuit Judges. Case: 13-11383 Date Filed: 08/09/2013 Page: 2 of 8 PER ..
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Case: 13-11383 Date Filed: 08/09/2013 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
_____________
No. 13-11383
Non-Argument Calendar
_____________
D.C. Docket No. 1:12-cv-02609-WSD
HOWARD D. HOROWITZ,
Plaintiff- Appellant,
versus
CITIMORTGAGE, INC.,
Defendant -Appellee.
____________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Georgia
____________
(August 9, 2013)
Before HULL, JORDAN, and HILL, Circuit Judges.
Case: 13-11383 Date Filed: 08/09/2013 Page: 2 of 8
PER CURIAM:
This is an appeal from the grant of CitiMortgage, Inc.=s (Citi) motion to
dismiss Howard D. Horowitz= (Horowitz) complaint, for failure to state a claim for
relief under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). Horowitz asserted claims for wrongful
attempted foreclosure and fraud against Citi. We find that the district court
properly granted Citi=s motion to dismiss and we affirm the judgment.
I.
On August 19, 2005, Horowitz executed a promissory note in favor of
American Home Mortgage, Inc. (AHM) in the amount of $176,000. He also
executed and conveyed a security deed to real property to AHM, securing the
promissory note.
Later that same day, AHM assigned its rights under Horowitz= security deed,
and its rights under his promissory note, to ABN AMRO Mortgage Group, Inc.
(ABN AMRO). Two years later, in 2007, ABN AMRO merged into Citi.
On May 31, 2012, Citi sent Horowitz a letter indicating that he had defaulted
on his loan obligations and that a foreclosure sale of his real property was
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scheduled for July 3, 2012. For four consecutive weeks, Citi published the Notice
of Sale Under Power in the local newspaper. 1
On June 26, 2012, Horowitz filed suit against Citi, asserting claims for
attempted wrongful foreclosure and fraud, alleging that Citi lacked the authority to
foreclose on his real property because it did not hold Horowitz= promissory note,
nor was it the assignee of his security deed.
II.
As to Citi=s standing to foreclose on Horowitz= real property, it is undisputed
that Horowitz executed both the security deed and promissory note to AHM.
However, under the terms of the security deed, Horowitz Agrant[ed] and
convey[ed] to [AHM] and [AHM=s] successors and assigns, with power of sale,
[the real property.]@ When AHM assigned its rights under Horowitz= security deed
to ABN AMRO, the assignment stated:
1
The notice stated:
Under and by virtue of the power of sale contained in [the Security Deed] from
Howard D. Horowitz to American Home Mortgage, Inc. . . . said Security Deed
being last transferred and assigned to ABN AMRO Mortgage Group, Inc. . . .
[The property will be sold at foreclosure] by CitiMortgage, Inc., successor by
merger with ABN AMRO Mortgage Group. Inc. . . . Pursuant to O.C.G.A.
Section 44-14-162.2 the name of the person or entity who has the full authority to
negotiate, amend, or modify the terms of the aforementioned indebtedness is
CitiMortgage, Inc. . . . .
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American Home Mortgage, Inc. hereby sells, assigns,
transfers, sets over and conveys unto: ABN AMRO
Mortgage Group, Inc. and/or their [sic] respective
successors or assigns as their interest may appear . . . that
certain [security deed] . . . together with the real property
therein described in said deed, and secured thereby, the
notes evidencing said indebtedness having this day been
transferred and assigned to the said [ABN AMRO]
together with all its rights title and interest in and to the
said deed, the property described and indebtedness
thereby secured; and [ABN AMRO] is hereby subrogated
to all of the rights, powers, privileges and securities
vested in [AMH] under and by virtue of the aforesaid
mortgage to secure debt.
Horowitz does not dispute the assignment from AHM to ABN AMRO. He
does dispute that Citi has standing to foreclose on his real property as a result of its
merger with ABN AMRO in 2007.
The district court determined that, as a result of the merger, Citi acquired the
assets, rights and liabilities of ABN AMRO, including Horowitz= security deed,
with power of sale, and his promissory note. See Birt v. CitiMortgage, Inc., No.
1:11-cv-1473-CC, Order Granting Summary Judgment, at 5-8 (N.D. Ga. Sept. 26,
2012) (Citi had standing to foreclose on plaintiff=s property because, Aby merger of
ABN AMRO and [Citi], the power to sell and foreclose was vested in the
successor, [Citi],@ without any further assignment or conveyance). We agree.
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The district court properly found that Citi had standing, and was thus entitled
to exercise the power of sale in Horowitz= security deed. Therefore, Horowitz
cannot state a claim for attempted wrongful foreclosure or fraud.
III.
We have independently reviewed the record in this appeal, the briefs, and
the arguments of counsel. In a thorough, well-reasoned decision, we find that the
district court properly granted Citi=s motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim
for relief.
Finding no error, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
AFFIRMED.
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JORDAN, Circuit Judge, concurring:
I agree that the district court’s dismissal of Mr. Horowitz’s complaint should
be affirmed. But my rationale differs somewhat from that of the majority.
Under the “incorporation by reference doctrine,” as applied in the Eleventh
Circuit, I do not believe that the district court could, at the motion to dismiss stage
of the proceedings, properly consider the certificate of merger CitiMortgage
attached to its motion. Only “in cases in which a plaintiff refers to a document in
its complaint, the document is central to its claim, its contents are not in dispute,
and the defendant attaches the document to its motion to dismiss” does the doctrine
allow a court to consider matters or documents beyond the four corners of the
complaint and its attachments. See Fin. Sec. Assurance, Inc. v. Stephens, Inc., 500
F.3d 1276, 1284 (11th Cir. 2007) (citation omitted). CitiMortgage’s certificate of
merger is not central to Mr. Horowitz’s claim. Simply stated, Mr. Horowitz would
not have had “to offer a copy of the article in order to prove [his] case.” See id. at
1285 (quoting Fudge v. Penthouse Int’l, Ltd.,
840 F.2d 1012, 1015 (1st Cir. 1988)).
Indeed, Mr. Horowitz alleges that CitiMortgage had no right to foreclose.
I also do not think that the merger between CitiMortgage and ABN AMRO
could be established by referring to the finding of another court in another case.
We cannot take judicial notice of a fact found true in another action, without more.
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“If it were permissible for a court to take judicial notice of a fact merely because it
has been found to be true in some other action, the doctrine of collateral estoppel
would be superfluous.” United States v. Jones, 29 F.3d 1549, 1553 (11th Cir.
1994). “A court may take notice of another court’s order only for the limited
purpose of recognizing the ‘judicial act’ that the order represents or the subject
matter of the litigation.” Id.
Nevertheless, pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 201 the district court
properly took judicial notice of CitiMortgage’s regulatory filings with both the
New York Department of State and the Securities and Exchange Commission, and
those filings establish the fact of the merger. Numerous district courts have taken
judicial notice under similar circumstances. See, e.g., Kohan Prod. Ltd. v.
Comerica Bank, No. CV 10-0034 PSG (AJWx), 2010 WL 956402, at *1 n.1 (C.D.
Cal. Mar. 11, 2010) (“The court takes judicial notice of the merger agreements
under Federal Rule of Evidence 201(d) because they are ‘capable of accurate and
ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be
questioned.’”); Chevron Corp. v. Salazar,
807 F. Supp. 2d 189, 193 n.5 (S.D.N.Y.
2011) (“Both the Merger Agreement and the Certificate of Merger filed with the
Delaware Secretary of State, of which the Court also takes judicial notice, so
reflect.”) (record citation omitted); St. John v. Bosley Inc., No. 1:10-cv-954, 2011
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WL 4007388, at *1 n.2 (N.D. Ohio Sept. 8, 2011) (“The court added Bosley as a
defendant after taking judicial notice that in August, 2010 Bosley, Inc. and MHR
filed a Certificate of Merger issued by the Secretary of the State of Delaware.”).
After taking judicial notice of the certificate of merger filed with the New
York Department of State, New York law does the rest. In pertinent part, § 906 of
New York’s business corporation law provides that not more than thirty days after
the filing of the certificate, a merger shall be effected and all rights and property of
the consolidated corporation shall vest in the surviving corporation without further
action. See N.Y. Bus. Corp. Law § 906. Thus, the surviving corporation,
CitiMortgage, held both the note and security deed and had standing to foreclose
on Mr. Horowitz’s mortgage.
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