[DO NOT PUBLISH]

                IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                        FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                         ________________________                   FILED
                                                           U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
                                 No. 10-10094                ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                             Non-Argument Calendar               JULY 20, 2010
                           ________________________               JOHN LEY
                                                                   CLERK
                   D.C. Docket No. 4:09-cr-00025-RH-WCS-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                             Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                     versus

TONY EDWARD DENSON,

                                                             Defendant-Appellant.

                           _______________________

                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Northern District of Florida
                         ________________________

                                  (July 20, 2010)

Before MARCUS, WILSON and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

      Tony Edward Denson appeals from his 262-month total sentence for

distributing 5 or more grams of crack cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)
and (b)(1)(B)(iii), and being a felon in possession of a firearm, in violation of 18

U.S.C. §§ 922(g) and 924(a)(2). On appeal, Denson argues that: (1) his sentence was

procedurally unreasonable because the district court failed to adjust his guideline

range based on the government’s alleged sentencing manipulation; and (2) his

sentence was substantively unreasonable in light of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). After

careful review, we affirm.

       We review the ultimate sentence a district court imposes for “reasonableness,”

which “merely asks whether the trial court abused its discretion.” United States v.

Pugh, 

, 1189 (11th Cir. 2008) (quoting Rita v. United States, 

, 351 (2007)).

       In reviewing sentences for reasonableness, we perform two steps. 

First, we must “‘ensure that the district court committed no significant procedural

error, such as failing to calculate (or improperly calculating) the Guidelines range,

treating the Guidelines as mandatory, failing to consider the § 3553(a) factors,

selecting a sentence based on clearly erroneous facts, or failing to adequately explain

the chosen sentence -- including an explanation for any deviation from the Guidelines

range.’” 

v. United States, 

, 51 (2007)).1 The district


1
        The § 3553(a) factors include: (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history
and characteristics of the defendant; (2) the need for the sentence imposed to reflect the seriousness
of the offense, to promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the offense; (3) the

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court need not discuss each § 3553(a) factor. United States v. Talley, 

,

786 (11th Cir. 2005). Rather, “[t]he sentencing judge should set forth enough to

satisfy the appellate court that he has considered the parties’ arguments and has a

reasoned basis for exercising his own legal decisionmaking authority.” 

.

       If we conclude that the district court did not procedurally err, we must consider

the “‘substantive reasonableness of [a] sentence imposed under an abuse-of-discretion

standard,’” based on the “‘totality of the circumstances.’” 

(quoting 

). This review is “deferential,” requiring us to determine

“whether the sentence imposed by the district court fails to achieve the purposes of

sentencing as stated in section 3553(a).” 

. There is a “range

of reasonable sentences from which the district court may choose,” and a sentence

within the guideline range is ordinarily expected to be reasonable. 

to be accorded any given § 3553(a) factor is a matter committed

to the sound discretion of the district court, and we will not substitute our judgment

in weighing the relevant factors.” United States v. Amedeo, 

, 832 (11th



need for the sentence imposed to afford adequate deterrence; (4) the need to protect the public; (5)
the need to provide the defendant with educational or vocational training or medical care; (6) the
kinds of sentences available; (7) the Sentencing Guidelines range; (8) the pertinent policy statements
of the Sentencing Commission; (9) the need to avoid unwanted sentencing disparities; and (10) the
need to provide restitution to victims. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).

                                                  3
Cir. 2007) (internal quotation and brackets omitted).            We will remand for

resentencing only if we are “left with the definite and firm conviction that the district

court committed a clear error of judgment in weighing the § 3553(a) factors by

arriving at a sentence that lies outside the range of reasonable sentences dictated by

the facts of the case.” 

(citation and internal quotation

omitted). The burden is on the defendant to show that the sentence was unreasonable

in light of the record and the § 3553(a) factors. 

.

      First, we are unpersuaded by Denson’s claim that his sentence was procedurally

unreasonable because the district court failed to adjust his guideline range based on

the government’s alleged sentencing manipulation. “Sentencing factor manipulation

occurs when the government’s manipulation of a sting operation, even if insufficient

to support a due process claim, requires that the manipulation be filtered out of the

sentencing calculus.” United States v. Docampo, 

, 1097 (11th Cir.

2009) (quotation and brackets omitted), cert. denied, (U.S. Apr. 5, 2010) (No.

09-7833). “Sentencing factor manipulation focuses on the government’s conduct.”

brackets omitted). The defendant bears the high burden of proving

that the government’s conduct was sufficiently reprehensible. 

on a

sentencing factor manipulation claim based on the government’s sting operation, the




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government must have engaged in “extraordinary misconduct.” 

      We have previously held that the use of a large amount of fictitious drugs by

the government in a sting operation did not result in sentencing factor manipulation.

United States v. Sanchez, 

, 1413-14 (11th Cir. 1998). We have also

held that the government’s purchase of crack cocaine, rather than powder cocaine,

from a defendant was not sentencing manipulation, even though the decision resulted

in a longer sentence for the defendant. United States v. Williams, 

,

1370-71 (11th Cir. 2006), abrogated on other grounds by Kimbrough v. United States,

, 93 (2007). Further, we have rejected a defendant’s claim of sentencing

manipulation where a confidential informant provided the defendant with a firearm

equipped with a silencer, the possession of which triggered a mandatory minimum

sentence of 30 years’ imprisonment. United States v. Ciszkowski, 

,

1269-71 (11th Cir. 2007).

      Denson has not shown that the government’s conduct rose to the level of

extraordinary misconduct. The evidence shows that a confidential source (“CS”)

bought crack cocaine from Denson three times, each time buying an increased

amount.     Our previous holdings show that it will not recognize sentencing

manipulation based on the government’s decision to purchase a certain substance

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from a defendant or its decisions that affect the amount of drugs that are involved in

a defendant’s offense. See 

; 

. In addition, we have held that the government’s conduct did not rise to the

level of extraordinary misconduct when it provided the contraband that resulted in the

sentencing enhancement, and here, the government did not even provide Denson with

the crack cocaine that resulted in his enhanced sentence. See 

. We will not infer extraordinary governmental misconduct based on the

government’s decision to purchase crack cocaine from Denson on three occasions,

even if this decision did result in Denson receiving a longer sentence. See 

. Because the district court did not err in rejecting Denson’s

sentencing manipulation argument, correctly calculated Denson’s guideline range

and, as discussed below, properly considered the § 3553(a) sentencing factors, his

sentence was procedurally reasonable.2



       2
          The state court case Denson cites in support of his sentencing manipulation argument is
irrelevant because federal law, not state law, controls Denson’s sentencing under the Sentencing
Guidelines. See United States v. Madera-Madera, 

, 1231 n.2 (11th Cir. 2003)
(“Federal law, not state law, controls the application of the Sentencing Guidelines”). As for
Denson’s argument that the government engaged in sentencing manipulation by holding him
accountable for marijuana and powder cocaine that he was twice observed with, that also fails
since the government did not hold Denson accountable for these drugs. Rather, it was the
probation officer in the PSI and the court at sentencing that determined the amount of drugs
attributable to Denson. Because a claim of sentencing factor manipulation focuses on the
government’s conduct, Denson has failed to show that the government engaged in extraordinary
misconduct in this regard. See 

.

                                                6
      We also reject Denson’s claim that his sentence was substantively

unreasonable. As previously discussed, the district court did not err in failing to

consider the government’s allegedly improper conduct in buying drugs from Denson

on several occasions. Furthermore, the district court’s sentence of 262 months’

imprisonment was on the low end of the applicable guideline imprisonment range of

262 to 327 months, and we would ordinarily expect such a sentence to be reasonable.

See 

. In addition, his sentence of 262 months’ imprisonment

was well below the statutory maximum term of life imprisonment. See United States

v. Gonzalez, 

, 1324 (11th Cir. 2008) (concluding that the sentence was

reasonable in part because it was well below the statutory maximum), cert. denied,

(2009).

      The district court, moreover, expressly said that it considered all of the factors

contained within § 3553(a) and that it had given “a lot of thought” to Denson’s

argument for a below-guideline sentence. See 

. The district

court also discussed, in depth, the application of several of the § 3553(a) factors,

including Denson’s familial circumstances, his past criminal conduct, and the

circumstances of the offenses that led to Denson being classified as a career offender.

See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) (1). The court further noted that the sentence avoided

unwarranted sentencing disparities with the sentences of other defendants who were

                                           7
classified as career criminals. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6). The court acknowledged

that it could sentence Denson below the applicable guideline range, but found that a

within-guideline sentence was appropriate given the § 3553(a) factors. See 18 U.S.C.

§ 3553(a)(3). Given the due consideration to the § 3553(a) factors demonstrated by

the district court and the discretion the court is afforded in evaluating and weighing

those factors, the district court did not abuse its discretion in imposing a low-end

guideline range sentence.

      AFFIRMED.




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