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                                                         [DO NOT PUBLISH]



             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                       ________________________

                             No. 13-13004
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                  D.C. Docket No. 1:12-cr-20330-MGC-4



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                                                               Plaintiff-Appellee,

                                   versus

ADRIAN ORTIZ,

                                                          Defendant-Appellant.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                    for the Southern District of Florida
                      ________________________

                             (March 21, 2014)

Before TJOFLAT, MARTIN, and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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      Adrian Ortiz appeals his sentence of 90-months imprisonment after pleading

guilty to one count of conspiracy to traffic in and use unauthorized credit cards in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1029(b)(2), and three counts of aggravated identity theft in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1). He argues that the District Court erred both

by failing to identify when he joined the conspiracy as well as holding him

accountable for the entire loss amount generated by the conspiracy. After careful

review, we affirm.

                                          I.

      Ortiz admitted to playing a key role in a scheme to create counterfeit credit

cards that were used to purchase Walmart gift cards. Ortiz, along with one other

coconspirator, would send out members of the conspiracy across the United

States—at least 40 states—to purchase gift cards and return them to Miami,

Florida. After the gift cards were in Miami, they were sold to businesses that used

them to buy cigarettes. Sometimes Ortiz himself would go and purchase gift cards;

Walmart surveillance cameras captured him in Colorado, Missouri, and Illinois.

      An investigation into the activity of Ortiz and others by federal and Florida

law enforcement began in April 2011. In a post-arrest statement, one member of

the conspiracy recruited by Ortiz described him as one of the “chiefs” of the

operation, and stated that Ortiz planned his travels and supplied him with

counterfeit credit cards. Ortiz and others were indicted in May 2012, charged with


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a conspiracy that ran “[f]rom in or around April 2011, the exact date being

unknown to the Grand Jury.” After Ortiz pleaded guilty, his presentence

investigation report (PSR) recounted that there was a loss amount of $15,000,000,

but did not give details about how this number was calculated. Pursuant to United

States Sentencing Guidelines (USSG) § 2B1.1(b)(1)(K) (2011), this loss amount

resulted in a recommendation of a 20-level enhancement. Ortiz objected to the

loss amount and corresponding enhancement, claiming the amount lacked “any . . .

factual basis or method of computing a loss amount.”

      At Ortiz’s sentencing hearing, the district court heard from two government

witnesses. U.S. Secret Service Special Agent Tyler Jett testified about the

investigation into the conspiracy and how it led to Ortiz. Jett stated that he

obtained the $15 million dollar figure from Walmart, which was calculated “based

on the gift cards that were purchased.” Jett also clarified that the figure included

gift cards purchased beginning in 2010, because: “I would think that the entire

conspiracy would be attributable to him because from codefendant statements, he

is the one that was at the top, he was the manager from the very beginning. And

the earliest gift cards we have identified were back in 2010.”

      Next, Walmart fraud investigator Mary Meadar testified. Because the first

fraudulently purchased gift card that she could identify was redeemed in 2010,

Meadar compiled records from January 1, 2010 through the date that Ortiz was


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arrested. Those records revealed that the total actual loss amount attributable to

the stolen credit card accounts was over $15 million. Meadar was not able to

identify what portion of the loss occurred before or after April 2011.

      After this testimony, Ortiz renewed his objection to the loss amount

calculation and corresponding enhancement. He argued in part that the evidence

only linked him to one of approximately twelve entities that redeemed the

fraudulently purchased gift cards. Counsel for Ortiz admitted his client “had a

connection that enabled him to get credit cards that were fraudulent credit cards”

and that he “recruited the people that were involved in this, in this conspiracy, the

codefendants that have been charged as part of this indictment, he gave them credit

cards that had fraudulent information which allowed them to then travel to these

other places and buy gift cards.” He was asked: “And wasn’t it reasonably

foreseeable that if he got false and fraudulent credit cards, that people would use

them to buy stuff?” His answer: “Absolutely.” Ultimately the district court

rejected Ortiz’s argument, finding that he was accountable for the entire $15

million total loss amount.

                                          II.

      First, Ortiz argues that the district court erred in failing make an

individualized finding regarding the date he entered the conspiracy. Because he is

raising this issue for the first time on appeal, we review only for plain error.


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United States v. Moreno, 

, 1220 (11th Cir. 2005). To demonstrate

plain error, Ortiz must demonstrate that (1) error existed, (2) the error was plain,

and (3) the error affected his substantial rights. 

prong almost always

requires a reasonable probability that a different result would have obtained but for

the error. United States v. Rodriguez, 

, 1299 (11th Cir. 2005).

      Under USSG § 1B1.3, the district court may hold participants in a

conspiracy responsible for the losses resulting from the reasonably foreseeable acts

of coconspirators in furtherance of the conspiracy. United States v. Hunter, 

, 1319 (11th Cir. 2003). A defendant is accountable for the conduct of

others occurring after his entry if that conduct was both: (1) in furtherance of the

jointly undertaken criminal activity; and (2) reasonably foreseeable in connection

with that criminal activity. USSG § 1B1.3(a)(1)(B). The district court “must first

make individualized findings concerning the scope of criminal activity undertaken

by a particular defendant.” 

(quotation marks omitted).

“Only after the district court makes individualized findings concerning the scope of

criminal activity the defendant undertook is the court to determine reasonable

foreseeability.” 

said, “a sentencing court’s failure to make

individualized findings regarding the scope of the defendant’s activity is not

grounds for vacating a sentence if the record support[s] the court’s determination

with respect to the offense conduct, including the imputation of others’ unlawful


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acts to the defendant.” United States v. Petrie, 

, 1290 (11th Cir.

2002).

      Although the district court failed to make an individualized finding

regarding the date Ortiz joined the conspiracy, there was sufficient evidence here

to support the district court’s implicit finding that Ortiz joined the conspiracy in

2010. Jett testified that fraudulently purchased gift cards traceable to the

conspiracy were first redeemed in 2010, and that Ortiz’s coconspirators had

identified him as a “manager from the very beginning.” Meadar corroborated this

testimony, stating she personally identified the stolen credit card accounts used

during the conspiracy to purchase gift cards, the first of which was redeemed in

2010. Thus, while the court may have committed plain error when it neglected to

make a specific finding of the date Ortiz entered the conspiracy, see 

, reversal is not warranted, see 

.

      Ortiz principally relies upon two cases to argue to the contrary, but both are

readily distinguishable. In Hunter, this Court did find the district court failed “to

make particularized findings as to the scope of criminal activity undertaken by

each 

. But in that case the defendants were low level

participants in the conspiracy, and there was “no proof in this record that any of the

Appellants assisted . . . in designing and executing the larger illegal scheme.” 

In contrast, Ortiz admitted here that he was a principal architect of the


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scheme, so Hunter is of no help to him. And in United States v. Goodheart, 345 F.

App’x 523, 525 (11th Cir. 2009), the defendant clearly “joined the conspiracy after

its inception.” The opposite is true for Ortiz: the record and testimony indicated

that he was a part of the conspiracy at its inception. Therefore, Goodheart is also

inapposite.

      In sum, Ortiz cannot show that his substantial rights were affected because

even if the district court did not explicitly make an individualized finding about

when Ortiz entered the conspiracy, evidence nonetheless supported the 2010 date

used by the district court. See 

.

                                         III.

      Second, Ortiz contends that the district court erred in holding him

accountable for the entire loss amount generated by the conspiracy rather than just

a portion of it. He specifically argues that there were approximately twelve

companies that redeemed gift cards, but the government only demonstrated his ties

to one of them.

      We normally review the factual findings underlying the district court’s

sentencing determination for clear error. United States v. Philidor, 

,

885 (11th Cir. 2013). A finding of fact is clearly erroneous when, after reviewing

all the evidence, we are “left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake

has been committed.” 

omitted). “Although review for clear


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error is deferential, a finding of fact must be supported by substantial evidence.”

United States v. Rodriguez, 

, 1305 (11th Cir. 2013) (quotation marks

omitted).

       The district court may rely on undisputed facts contained in a PSR when

determining a sentence, but “once a defendant objects to a fact contained in the

[PSR], the government bears the burden of proving that disputed fact by a

preponderance of the evidence.” United States v. Martinez, 

, 1027

(11th Cir. 2009). Ultimately, “[i]t is the district court’s duty to ensure that the

Government carries this burden by presenting reliable and specific evidence.” 

omitted).

       The district court did not clearly err in finding Ortiz accountable for $15

million in total losses and imposing an enhancement that reflected this amount.

Ortiz does not dispute the calculation of the loss figure itself, but argues only that

he should not be held accountable for the entire amount. A defendant is

accountable for conduct, his own or that of others, taken in furtherance of a joint

criminal activity that was reasonably foreseeable, 

; USSG

§ 1B1.3(a)(1)(B), and here evidence established Ortiz’s accountability for the

entire loss figure.

       As an initial matter, Ortiz’s argument concerning the lack of a demonstrated

connection between him and all of the entities that redeemed gift cards he and his


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coconspirators fraudulently purchased is misplaced. As the government clarified at

the sentencing hearing, the $15 million loss figure consisted of the total amount of

gift cards fraudulently purchased using stolen credit cards during the course of the

conspiracy—it did not, as Ortiz seems to think, represent the amount of gift cards

redeemed. The conspiracy generated its losses at the time the gift cards were

fraudulently purchased, regardless of when they were redeemed or by whom.

      Ultimately, Ortiz’s accountability for the entire $15 million loss amount is

well supported by two principal facts. First, evidence showed that Ortiz joined the

conspiracy sometime in 2010, and the $15 million loss figure at issue was

calculated from that time through the date of his arrest. Second, evidence

including Ortiz’s concession that he was a manager or supervisor established that

he served a leading role in the conspiracy. As a result, it was not clearly erroneous

for the district court to hold him accountable for the entire loss caused by the

conspiracy. See 

; USSG § 1B1.3(a)(1)(B).

                                         IV.

      The district court sentence is AFFIRMED.




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