Case: 14-15310   Date Filed: 06/17/2015   Page: 1 of 5


                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]

             IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                     FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                       ________________________

                             No. 14-15310
                         Non-Argument Calendar
                       ________________________

                   D.C. Docket No. 2:13-cv-01581-AKK



RENEE PUGH,

                                                            Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                  versus

EL PASO CORPORATION PENSION PLAN,
PENSION COMMITTEE OF EL PASO CORPORATION PENSION PLAN,
THE,

                                                        Defendants-Appellees.

                       ________________________

                Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Northern District of Alabama
                       ________________________

                              (June 17, 2015)

Before TJOFLAT, WILSON and MARTIN, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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      Renee Pugh appeals the grant of summary judgment for Defendants in this

Employee Retirement Income Security Act case. Pugh made a claim for a

survivor’s benefit after the death of her ex-husband, who was a participant in

Defendants’ retirement plan. Defendants denied Pugh’s claim because the benefit

was due only to surviving spouses, and Pugh and her husband had divorced shortly

before his death. The district court affirmed Defendants’ denial of the claim. We

affirm.

      Renee Pugh’s then-husband was a participant in the El Paso Corporation

Pension Plan, under which he received retirement benefits beginning in 1987.

They divorced in 2011, and he died less than eight months later. After her ex-

husband’s death, Pugh made a claim for a “Retiree Survivor’s Benefit.” El Paso

denied the claim. Pugh sued, and the district court granted summary judgment for

El Paso.

      We review de novo the district court’s affirmance of El Paso’s decision to

deny benefits under the plan, and we apply the same legal standards. See

Blankenship v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 

, 1354 (11th Cir. 2011) (per

curiam). We apply, as the district court did, a six-part analytical framework to

review El Paso’s denial of benefits:

      (1) Apply the de novo standard to determine whether the claim
      administrator’s [i.e., El Paso’s] benefits-denial decision is “wrong”
      (i.e., the court disagrees with the administrator’s decision); if it is not,
      then end the inquiry and affirm the decision.

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      (2) If the administrator’s decision in fact is “de novo wrong,” then
      determine whether he was vested with discretion in reviewing claims;
      if not, end judicial inquiry and reverse the decision.

      (3) If the administrator’s decision is “de novo wrong” and he was
      vested with discretion in reviewing claims, then determine whether
      “reasonable” grounds supported it (hence, review his decision under
      the more deferential arbitrary and capricious standard).

      (4) If no reasonable grounds exist, then end the inquiry and reverse
      the administrator’s decision; if reasonable grounds do exist, then
      determine if he operated under a conflict of interest.

      (5) If there is no conflict, then end the inquiry and affirm the decision.

      (6) If there is a conflict, the conflict should merely be a factor for the
      court to take into account when determining whether an
      administrator’s decision was arbitrary and capricious.

Pugh admits that El Paso was vested with discretion (step 2), and that

there was no conflict of interest (step 4). But she disputes the district court’s

conclusions that El Paso’s decision was not “de novo wrong” (step 1), and,

alternatively, that it was supported by reasonable grounds and thus not arbitrary

and capricious (step 5). We see no need to decide whether El Paso’s decision was

“de novo wrong”; either way, because it was not arbitrary and capricious, El Paso

was entitled to summary judgment.

      The retirement plan owes the Retiree Survivor’s Benefit only to, as relevant

here, an “Eligible Spouse.” The plan defines “Eligible Spouse” as:

      The husband or wife of a deceased Participant, who (i) was married to
      the Participant under the laws of the State where the marriage was
      contracted at least one year prior to the date of his death, (ii) is not a
      party to a court action for judgment of separation or decree of divorce

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       pending at the time of the Participant’s death, and (iii) subsequent to
       the Participant’s death has not remarried.

       The crux of this dispute concerns the correct interpretation of clause (i).

Pugh reads it to define “Eligible Spouse” as one who was married to the plan

participant for any one-year period before his death. El Paso, in denying her claim,

read the clause to include only those spouses married to the plan participant for the

one-year period immediately preceding the participant’s death. Pugh qualifies as

an Eligible Spouse under her reading, but not under El Paso’s: she was married to

her husband for many years, but they divorced some seven months before he died.

       We agree with the district court that El Paso’s interpretation was supported

by reasonable grounds. Most notably, if Pugh’s interpretation were accepted, it

would create incongruous outcomes. For one, the plan could owe this benefit to

any number of ex-spouses who had been married to the plan participant for at least

a year (and are neither presently a party to a divorce proceeding nor remarried).1

For another, it would lead to absurd results with respect to clause (ii), because it

would confer this benefit on ex-spouses but deny it to current spouses involved in

divorce proceedings with the plan participant. Imagine a participant who was


       1
          Pugh argues that this could never happen, because the plan’s definition of the term
“Spouse” eliminates the possibility of payment to multiple “Eligible Spouses.” [See Bl. Br. 20.]
But the plan provides that the relevant benefit is owed to “Eligible Spouses,” a term that is
explicitly defined without reference to the general definition of “Spouse” to which Pugh points.
The term “Spouse” defines eligibility only for other benefits not relevant here. The definition of
the term “Spouse” thus plays no part in the determination of who is an “Eligible Spouse,” and
whatever limitations the former contains cannot affect the latter.


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married to her first husband for at least one year, and who was divorcing her

second husband (also of at least one year) at the time of her death. The first

husband would qualify for the Retiree Survivor’s Benefit as an Eligible Spouse

(because they were married for at least one year and he was not at that time a party

to a divorce proceeding), but the second husband would not qualify (because he

was a party to a divorce proceeding). That, as El Paso explained, “makes no

sense” and “is not contemplated by the Plan.”

      El Paso’s interpretation of the definition of “Eligible Spouse” is reasonable.

And because it is vested with discretion to interpret the terms of the plan, its

reasonable interpretation must be afforded deference. See White v. Coca-Cola Co.,

, 856 (11th Cir. 2008) (explaining that where a plan provision is

ambiguous, the plan administrator’s interpretation must be upheld “[a]s long as a

reasonable basis appears” for its interpretation (quotation omitted)).

      AFFIRMED.




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