Case: 15-10056   Date Filed: 07/17/2015   Page: 1 of 5


                                                        [DO NOT PUBLISH]

            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                    FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                      ________________________

                            No. 15-10056
                        Non-Argument Calendar
                      ________________________

               D.C. Docket No. 8:13-cv-02847-MSS-MAP


ALLENA BURGE SMILEY,
D.M.D.,

                                                           Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                 versus

HARTFORD LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY,
d.b.a. The Hartford,
SMILE BRANDS, INC.,
d.b.a. Valley Forge Dental of Florida, P.A.,
d.b.a. Bright Now! Dental,

                                                        Defendants-Appellees.

                      ________________________

               Appeal from the United States District Court
                   for the Middle District of Florida
                     ________________________

                             (July 17, 2015)

Before MARCUS, WILLIAM PRYOR, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
               Case: 15-10056     Date Filed: 07/17/2015    Page: 2 of 5


      Plaintiff Allena Smiley appeals the district court’s order granting summary

judgment in favor of Defendants Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company

(“Hartford”) and Smile Brands, Inc. (“Smile Brands”) on Smiley’s claims for

statutory penalties and attorney’s fees pursuant to the Employee Retirement

Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq. (“ERISA”). Generally, we

review questions of law, including orders on summary judgment, de novo. Byars

v. Coca-Cola Co., 

, 1263 (11th Cir. 2008). However, we review a

district court’s decision whether to impose statutory penalties and attorney’s fees

under ERISA for an abuse of discretion. 

1269. Finding no error, we

affirm.

      ERISA authorizes district courts to impose a daily penalty upon any plan

administrator that “fails or refuses to comply with a request for information which

such administrator is required . . . to supply to a participant or a beneficiary.” 29

U.S.C. § 1332(c)(1). Specifically, ERISA requires a plan administrator to furnish

the following upon request: “the latest updated summary, plan description, and the

latest annual report, any terminal report, the bargaining agreement, trust

agreement, contract, or other instruments under which the plan is established and

operated.” 29 U.S.C. § 1024(b)(4). A plan administrator is either “the person

specifically so designated by the terms of the instrument under which the plan is

operated,” 29 U.S.C. § 1002(16)(A)(i), or a company acting as a plan


                                           2
               Case: 15-10056     Date Filed: 07/17/2015    Page: 3 of 5


administrator, see Hunt v. Hawthorne Assocs., Inc., 

, 915 (11th Cir.

1997).

      First, the district court correctly concluded that Hartford, a third-party claims

administrator, was not the plan administrator and therefore not subject to statutory

penalties under § 1132(c)(1). Smile Brands’ Long Term Disability Plan (“the

Plan”) expressly identified Smile Brands as the plan administrator. Further,

Hartford was not the de facto administrator. We have consistently rejected the use

of the de facto plan administrator doctrine “where a plaintiff has sought to hold a

third-party administrative services provider liable, rather than the employer . . . .”

Oliver v. Coca Cola Co., 

, 1194 (11th Cir. 2007), reh’g granted,

opinion vacated in part on other grounds, 

(11th Cir. 2007) and

adhered to in part on reh’g sub nom., 

(11th Cir. 2008). As in

Oliver, the record demonstrates that Smile Brands retained the authority to make

final decisions on appeal from the claims administrator, Hartford. See 

Thus, Hartford was not the plan administrator, either in name or in fact, and was

not liable for failing to furnish Smiley with certain Plan documents.

      Second, the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to impose

statutory penalties on Smile Brands. The disclosure penalty provision of § 1132(c)

“is meant to be in the nature of punitive damages, designed more for the purpose of

punishing the violator than compensating the participant or beneficiary.” Scott v.


                                           3
               Case: 15-10056     Date Filed: 07/17/2015    Page: 4 of 5


Suncoast Beverage Sales, Ltd., 

, 1232 (11th Cir. 2002). As the

district court concluded, the facts of this case do not warrant punishing Smile

Brands because it did not refuse or fail to provide Smiley with the Plan documents.

      Smiley contacted Smile Brands and received the relevant Plan documents no

later than February 29, 2012. When Smiley’s benefits were subsequently

terminated, she again requested the documents, but this time she directed her

request to Hartford, which in turn provided an outdated address for Smile Brands.

The same outdated address is listed in the Plan documents. Notwithstanding the

fact that counsel for Dr. Smiley had several times successfully contacted Smile

Brands at its correct, Irvine, California address, Smiley sought to obtain Plan

documents this second time from Smile Brands by letter addressed to the outdated

Santa Ana, California address listed in the summary plan description. The letter

was returned as undeliverable. Accordingly, Smile Brands had no knowledge that

Smiley was attempting to obtain the same Plan documents until it was served with

Smiley’s amended complaint on February 11, 2014.

      In sum, there is no evidence that Smile Brands refused or failed to provide

Smiley with the relevant documents, which were already in her possession. Given

these facts, we cannot say that the district court abused its discretion in denying

disclosure penalties, and Smiley has not proffered any case law that suggests

otherwise. In addition, the district court did not err in considering, in part, the


                                           4
              Case: 15-10056     Date Filed: 07/17/2015   Page: 5 of 5


absence of prejudice, bad faith, and harm to Smiley in determining whether to

exercise its discretion. Although a plaintiff need not demonstrate any of the

forgoing to obtain § 1132(c) penalties, a court may consider those factors, among

others, in making its determination. See 

; Daughtrey v.

Honeywell, Inc., 

, 1494 (11th Cir. 1993).

      Finally, because Smiley failed to obtain any success on the merits of her

claims against Hartford or Smile Brands, she is not entitled to attorney’s fees under

29 U.S.C. § 1132(g). Hardt v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co., 

, 255,

, 2158 (2010) (requiring a claimant to show “some degree of

success on the merits before a court may award attorney’s fees under § 1132(g)(1)”

(internal quotation omitted)).

      AFFIRMED.




                                          5