DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
                             FOURTH DISTRICT
                              July Term 2014

HOA VUONG, MARK PEBLEY, ROBERT McKENNA, PETER MURPHY,
 JULIO REINA, RHONDA SIMMONS, ZACHARY SCUDERI, CHARLES
  ROLLO, NICOLLE MAHADY, JASON FEINSOD, ALAN HERNANDEZ,
  ROSLYN HOECKER, MARY BARUCH, ANA BLUMENFELD, DANIEL
    KING, LEO CORDERY, BEATRIZ VALLEJO, MINA ARBUCKLE,
     MELISSA HARTMAN, MARY DISCHINO, DEANNE ARCODIA,
   CHRISTINA WLODARCZYK, DONALD KEHR, JONATHAN NOLLI,
    MARKUS STUMPER, ISMAEL OLIVAN RODRIGUEZ, DANIELLE
  VERGA, KATHRYN MURPHY, DAVID CORNELL, NICKOLAS LONG,
 LINDSEY GABOFF, PATRICK MURPHY, DUSTIN WALKER, JEFFREY
 TYSON, JAMES PASA, CATHERINE HAMPTON, LUIS CRUZ, DANIEL
   CHAN-PAREDES, ANTONIO FONROSE, ANNA BERGMAN, ANNA
YURTAYEVA, on behalf of themselves and other Palm Beach County DUI
                           Defendants,
                           Appellants,

                                     v.

          FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT,
                          Appellee.

                              No. 4D13-2199

                            [October 22, 2014]

   Appeal from the State of Florida, Division of Administrative Hearings;
L.T. Case No. 12-3898 RX.

   Brian P. Gabriel of Gabriel & Gabriel, LLC, Jupiter, for appellants.

   Ann Marie Johnson, Tallahassee, for appellee.

STEVENSON, J.

   The instant appeal arises from a chapter 120 rule challenge to Florida
Administrative Code Rules governing the Florida Department of Law
Enforcement’s approval and oversight of breath test instruments.
Appellants contended that the rules constitute an invalid exercise of
delegated legislative authority. The administrative law judge (ALJ) rejected
appellants’ arguments. We affirm.
   Appellants are individuals charged with DUI after submitting to a
breath test on the Intoxilyzer 8000 breath instrument. Appellants
submitted to a breath test pursuant to Florida’s implied consent law. The
implied consent law requires that drivers submit to an “approved” test.
See § 316.1932(1)(a)1.a., Fla. Stat. (2012). The legislature has charged
Florida’s Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) with responsibility for
approving breath test instruments; for “regulation of the operation,
inspection, and registration of breath test instruments utilized” under the
driving under the influence statutes; and for promulgating rules necessary
for the administration and implementation of its obligations. See §
316.1932(1)(a)2., Fla. Stat. (2012). Pursuant to the authority granted it,
FDLE approved the Intoxilyzer 8000 for evidentiary use. See Fla. Admin.
Code R. 11D-8.003(2).

   Attempting to demonstrate the inadequacy of the rules, appellants
presented evidence that, after the November 2002 amendment of rule 11D-
8.003 approving the Intoxilyzer 8000 but before the Intoxilyzer 8000 was
actually put into use in Florida, difficulties during testing prompted the
manufacturer to determine it was necessary to drill a hole in the
instrument’s exhaust purge valve. The exhaust purge valve is utilized only
during simulation testing and is not involved in an actual breath test. The
Intoxilyzer 8000 instruments put into use in Florida come from the
manufacturer with the hole drilled in the exhaust purge valve. FDLE did
not “reapprove” the Intoxilyzer 8000. Appellants also presented evidence
that, in 2007, there were documented problems with the calibration of the
flow sensor on some instruments. Consequently, in late 2010/early 2011,
FDLE began using a flow meter to test calibration of the flow sensor.
Effective in 2011, FDLE’s internal guidelines require calibration of the flow
sensor as part of FDLE’s annual inspection.

   The gist of appellants’ claims was that Florida Administrative Code
Rules 11D-8.003, 11D-8.004, and 11D-8.006 are vague, do not provide
sufficient guidelines or standards, and/or vest unbridled discretion in
FDLE. Appellants complained that the rules do not require breath
instrument manufacturers to provide FDLE notice of modifications to an
already approved model of breath instrument; do not require FDLE to
retest or reapprove breath instruments modified by the manufacturer; and
do not set forth criteria or guidelines addressing the retesting or reapproval
of modified instruments. They also complained of the rules’ failure to
specifically require or address inspection and/or calibration of the flow
sensor on the breath instrument.

   The burden of proving the invalidity of a challenged rule is on the

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petitioner. See § 120.56(1)(e), (3), Fla. Stat. (2012). Having heard the
evidence, the ALJ concluded petitioners had failed to meet this burden.
With regard to the drilling of the hole in the exhaust purge valve, the ALJ
found the evidence failed to establish the drilling of the hole affected breath
test results “in any manner” or rendered the results unreliable. The ALJ
similarly concluded the evidence was insufficient to establish that “the
scientific reliability of reported breath test results is related to the function
of an instrument’s flow sensor” as “[t]he evidence establishes that the
instrument will not report results of a breath alcohol test if the quantity of
air provided by a test subject is insufficient.”

    Finding the ALJ’s factual findings to be supported by competent,
substantial evidence and no error in his legal conclusions, we affirm the
order appealed. See Volusia Cnty. Sch. Bd. v. Volusia Homes Builders
Ass’n, 

, 1089 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006) (holding hearing officer’s
legal conclusions are reviewed de novo, while factual findings must be
accepted if supported by competent, substantial evidence). Appellants’
reliance on the decisions in State v. Flood, 

(Fla. 5th DCA
1988), State v. Polak, 

(Fla. 1st DCA 1992), and State v.
Miles, 

(Fla. 2000), is not persuasive.

   Flood and Polak were not rule challenges. In both cases, police modified
the breath instrument and the trier-of-fact concluded the modification was
“substantial” or rendered the instrument a “different machine.” 

; 523 So. 2d at 1181. Here, the manufacturer made the
decision to modify the Intoxilyzer 8000 before any instruments were put
into evidentiary use in Florida, and the ALJ found the evidence failed to
prove the complained-of deficiencies had impacted the reliability of the
breath tests. Miles did hold that the rules governing DUI blood alcohol
sampling were inadequate as they failed to contain any provisions
addressing preservation of the blood sample pending testing, and all the
experts agreed that proper preservation was essential to quality control.

. Here, however, the significance of the drilling of
the hole in the exhaust purge valve and calibration of the flow sensor was
disputed, and the ALJ found the evidence failed to establish the
complained-of deficiencies had any impact on the reliability of breath
alcohol tests.

   Having carefully reviewed the record and considered all arguments
raised, the order on appeal is affirmed.

   Affirmed.

WARNER and GERBER, JJ., concur.

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                      *        *        *

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.




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