Decisions will be entered in accordance with respondent's computations.
VASQUEZ,
For purposes of this supplemental opinion, we incorporate our findings in
During the years in issue Brenda T. Fitch was a licensed real estate agent under California law and a 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 251">*252 member of the National Association of Realtors, the California Association of Realtors, and the California Desert Association of *246 Realtors. She worked full time as an independent contractor with Remax (realty business), performing duties typical of real estate agents and brokers, including reviewing buyer criteria, soliciting listings, going on caravans, 2 and showing, leasing, and selling real property. Petitioners reported the income and expenses with respect to the realty business on a Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business.
Donald R. Fitch was a certified public accountant (C.P.A.) in California. He owned and operated an accounting practice. He worked an average of about four hours each day in the accounting practice. 3 Petitioners reported the income and expenses with respect to the accounting practice on a second Schedule C.
Apart from their respective businesses, petitioners owned and managed eight rental properties. They chose to keep their properties separate. Mrs. Fitch owned three of the eight properties 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 251">*253 and Mr. Fitch owned five. They each performed the day-to-day tasks relating to their respective rental properties, although Mr. Fitch occasionally helped Mrs. Fitch with the advertising and repairs *247 for two of her properties. 4 They reported the income and expenses with respect to the rental properties on a Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss.
On March 22, 2013, respondent filed computations in connection with
*248 On May 16, 2013, petitioners filed computations in connection with
On June 7, 2013, respondent filed a response to petitioners' 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 251">*255 computations (respondent's response), in which respondent objected to petitioners' computations and requested that the Court enter a decision in accordance with respondent's computations. Petitioners' computations and respondent's response set forth the parties' arguments on the self-employment tax issue. Neither party *249 has raised an objection under
In computing the gross income derived by an individual from a trade or business, if any of the income derived from the trade or business (other than a trade or business carried on by a partnership) is community income under community property laws, the gross income and deductions attributable to the *250 trade or business are treated as the gross income and deductions of the spouse carrying on the trade or business.
If a married couple files a joint return, the self-employment 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 251">*257 tax is computed separately for the husband and for the wife.
The parties agree that the net losses with respect to the accounting practice are attributable solely to Mr. Fitch for self-employment tax purposes. Their dispute centers on the proper treatment of the net income with respect to the realty business.
Petitioners principally argue that the net income with respect to the realty business should be attributed solely to Mr. Fitch 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 251">*258 because Mrs. Fitch did not substantially manage and control the realty business. They contend that Mr. Fitch "collaborated and contributed to the management and control of the * * * [realty business] in a multitude of ways". They rely upon
*252 Respondent argues that the realty business was operated solely by Mrs. Fitch, and thus the net income therefrom must be attributed to her alone. As to petitioners' principal argument, respondent argues 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 251">*259 that it rests upon "outdated material". Respondent contends that
We first determine who operated the realty business. The record is replete with evidence of Mrs. Fitch's involvement in the realty business. She was a licensed real estate agent and a member of three professional real estate organizations during the years in issue. Every morning she reviewed business emails, new real estate listings, and buyer criteria for clients. She showed properties to clients and went on caravans to view new properties that were listed with Remax. And although Mr. Fitch was a C.P.A., she also kept and maintained the realty business' accounting records.
On the other hand, petitioners have not shown what involvement, if any, Mr. Fitch had in the realty business. Petitioners argue that Mr. Fitch 2013 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 251">*262 designed and hosted its principal Web site, set up and maintained its Quicken financial software and contact management system, presented documents to various real estate sellers, and changed locks on various properties, among other things. However, petitioners have not cited to any evidence of these activities in the record, nor can we find any. 12 Furthermore, Mr. Fitch testified that Mrs. Fitch was the one who maintained the realty business' Quicken records for bank accounts.
*255 In
On the basis of the foregoing, we find that the realty business was not jointly operated. We find that Mrs. Fitch, and not Mr. Fitch, operated the realty business.
Because Mrs. Fitch operated the realty business, the net income therefrom must be attributed solely to her for self-employment tax purposes.
Petitioners must separately compute the self-employment tax for Mrs. and Mr. Fitch.
In reaching our holdings herein, we have considered all arguments made, and, to the extent not mentioned above, we conclude they are moot, irrelevant, or without merit.
*257 To reflect the foregoing,
*. This opinion supplements our prior Memorandum Opinion, Fitch v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2012-358 (Fitch I).↩
1. Unless otherwise stated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code for the years in issue, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩
2. A caravan is typically a tour of newly listed properties designed for real estate agents and brokers.↩
3. Mr. Fitch was recovering from a brain aneurysm that he suffered in 2003.↩
4. Petitioners also occasionally hired a contractor, such as an engineer or an electrician, to perform a technical task.↩
5. Respondent also computed
6. Petitioners' computations of their net losses from self-employment are shown in the following table:
Realty business | Accounting practice | Petitioners' | |||
2005 | $12,498 | + | ($69,366) | = | ($56,868) |
2006 | 2,366 | + | (59,132) | = | (56,766) |
2007 | 20,659 | + | (64,652) | = | (43,993) |
7. In
8. In the case of a husband and wife filing a joint return under
9. Petitioners requested a hearing pursuant to
10. Before its amendment by the Social Security Protection Act of 2004 (SSPA), (5) if— (A) any of the income derived from a trade or business (other than a trade or business carried on by a partnership) is community income under community property laws applicable to such income, all of the gross income and deductions attributable to such trade or business shall be treated as the gross income and deductions of the husband unless the wife exercises substantially all of the management and control of such trade or business, in which case all of such gross income and deductions shall be treated as the gross income and deductions of the wife; * * *
11. (a) In case of an individual.—If any of the income derived by an individual from a trade or business (other than a trade or business carried on by a partnership) is community income under community property laws applicable to such income, all of the gross income, and the deductions attributable to such income, shall be treated as the gross income and deductions of the husband unless the wife exercises substantially all of the management and control of such trade or business, in which case all of such gross income and deductions shall be treated as the gross income and deductions of the wife. For the purpose of this special rule, the term "management and control" means management and control in fact, not the management and control imputed to the husband under the community property laws. For example, a wife who operates a beauty parlor without any appreciable collaboration on the part of her husband will be considered as having substantially all of the management and control of such business despite the provision of any community property law vesting in the husband the right of management and control of community property; and the income and deductions attributable to the operation of such beauty parlor will be considered the income and deductions of the wife.
12. We believe petitioners may have confused the realty business with their rental properties.↩
13. Contrary to petitioners' assertions in their computations, the fact that they discussed their respective businesses over meals does not establish that Mr. Fitch played a role in operating the realty business.↩
14.