MEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION
PANUTHOS,
Pursuant to two Forms 2504-AD, Excise or Employment Tax -- Offer of Agreement to Assessment and Collection of Additional Tax and Offer of Acceptance of Overassessment, respondent assessed backup withholding taxes under
| Additions to Tax | ||
| Year | Backup Withholding | |
| 1993 | $ 4,271 | $ 1,068 |
| 1994 | 4,411 | 1,103 |
This collection action requires us to decide whether the IRS abused its discretion in determining that collection by levy may proceed.
Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code, as amended.
FINDINGS OF FACT
Some of the facts have been stipulated, and we so find.
Petitioner was an attorney and resided 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*56 in California when he filed the petition. 2 Between 1993 and 1995 petitioner practiced law in California as a sole proprietor and paid paralegals and attorneys for work they did for him. Petitioner did not withhold taxes from payments to these workers. He also did not collect taxpayer identification numbers (TINs) from these workers or report the payments to the IRS.
The IRS examined records relating to petitioner's payments to these workers during 1993, 1994, and 1995. The examiner concluded that the attorneys and paralegals in question worked for petitioner as independent contractors and should not be reclassified as employees. The examiner determined that petitioner was liable for backup withholding on payments made to these workers because of the workers' failure to provide TINs to petitioner. Petitioner was advised that the IRS would abate the 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*57 backup withholding to the extent that petitioner provided Forms 4669, Statement of Payments Received, from his payees. The examiner provided blank forms to petitioner for this purpose. However, petitioner did not return any Forms 4669 signed by his workers.
In a letter dated March 12, 1998, the examiner explained that as a result of petitioner's failure to secure TINs for the individuals he paid, petitioner was liable for backup withholding tax under
The amounts petitioner paid to paralegals and attorneys and the examiner's proposed taxes and additions to tax were as follows:
| Additions to Tax | |||
| Year | Amounts Paid | Tax | |
| 1993 | $ 30,969.18 | $ 9,600.45 | $ 2,400.11 |
| 1994 | 63,239.39 | 19,604.21 | 4,901.05 |
| 1995 | 58,382.55 | 18,098.87 | 4,524.73 |
| Total | 152,591.12 | 47,303.53 | 11,825.89 |
In the March 12, 1998, letter, the examiner also provided petitioner an opportunity to confer with the regional Appeals Office, instructing him to file a request for a conference within 30 days if he disagreed with the examiner's proposed adjustments. At a time not apparent from the record, petitioner 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*58 requested Appeals Office consideration. On August 31, 1998, an Appeals officer (AO) confirmed the referral to Appeals and asked petitioner to contact him to discuss the case.
In a September 3, 1998, letter, the AO confirmed a conversation with petitioner and provided a schedule of the amounts paid to each of eight workers in each of the years 1993, 1994, and 1995. The AO invited petitioner to provide statements from his workers attesting to their receipt of the payments. The statements were to contain the information required by Form 4669 (since petitioner had expressed reluctance to ask his workers to complete and sign the IRS form). In a November 9, 1998, letter, the AO told petitioner he would hold the case open until November 30, 1998, but that his closing the case would not preclude a later abatement following receipt of additional statements.
Petitioner mailed statements from some but not all of his workers to the AO on November 30, 1998. Four of the eight workers declared that they reported all funds received from petitioner's law practice on their Federal income tax returns. Petitioner informed the AO that the remaining four workers failed to respond to his letters requesting 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*59 statements regarding his payments to them.
The AO responded to petitioner's November 30, 1998, submission, stating that the statements petitioner provided did not contain all the information required on Form 4669. Nevertheless, the AO offered a compromise: the IRS would concede the backup withholding and additions to tax for the workers from whom petitioner received statements, if petitioner conceded the backup withholding and additions to tax for the remaining workers. The AO instructed petitioner to sign and return Forms 2504-AD if he chose to pursue this settlement.
On March 11, 1999, petitioner signed Forms 2504-AD for 1993 and 1994, 3 reflecting the following agreed amounts:
| Additions to Tax | ||
| Year | Backup Withholding | |
| 1993 | $ 4,271 | $ 1,068 |
| 1994 | 4,411 | 1,103 |
Respondent executed the Forms 2504-AD on May 4, 1999, and on May 12, 1999, the AO wrote to petitioner to inform 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*60 him that the settlement agreement had been approved. On June 28, 1999, respondent assessed the agreed-upon amounts for 1993 and 1994, plus interest, and sent petitioner statutory notices of balance due. On August 2, 1999, respondent mailed petitioner a notice of intent to levy.
For reasons not apparent from the record, the IRS placed petitioner's account in currently noncollectible (CNC) status on October 2, 2000. It appears that petitioner was unaware that the account had been placed in CNC status. The IRS issued a Final Notice of Intent to Levy and Notice of Your Right to a Hearing on March 6, 2006, and petitioner submitted Form 12153, Request for a Collection Due Process Hearing, on March 10, 2006. Again for reasons not apparent from the record, the IRS removed petitioner's account from CNC status on April 4, 2006.
In his request for a collection hearing, petitioner described his disagreement with the proposed collection action as follows: Your "Final Notice" 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*61 states that you previously asked for payment. You have not. Assuming there is some validity to your claim (there is not) why would you be entitled to an assessment, late fees and interest for an amount never previously requested?
A settlement officer (SO) in respondent's Appeals Office replied to petitioner's request for a collection hearing with a letter on July 17, 2006. The SO scheduled a telephone conference for August 23, 2006 at 1 p.m., and told petitioner she would call him at the number on his hearing request unless he told her the proposed conference date would be inconvenient and arranged for another date and time. In this letter the SO also stated that petitioner could not challenge the existence or amount of the underlying tax liability because he had a prior opportunity to dispute the liability. Finally, the SO informed petitioner that she could not consider collection alternatives unless petitioner completed and submitted a Form 433-B, Collection Information Statement for Businesses, and she asked petitioner to submit that information within 14 days.
The SO sent petitioner another letter on August 23, 2006, stating that she had not received any indication from petitioner 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*62 that the proposed conference date was inconvenient and that when she called petitioner at the arranged time and using the telephone number petitioner provided, she was told that he was unavailable. The SO also stated that she had not received any information from petitioner in response to her July 2006 letter. Finally, she informed petitioner that Appeals would make a determination on the basis of the administrative file and allowed him 14 days to submit the information required for Appeals to consider collection alternatives, along with any documents supporting the issues petitioner raised in his hearing request. On November 16, 2006, the SO noted that petitioner had not responded to her letters and had not submitted any information beyond his hearing request.
The IRS issued a Notice of Determination Concerning Collection Action(s) Under
Petitioner filed a timely petition for lien or levy action for 1993 and 1994, stating "The IRS states that I filed 941s in 1993 and 1994 without paying the taxes withheld. In truth, no such forms were filled [sic] and I had no employees."
Petitioner was represented by counsel and testified at the trial in California. He argues that the final notice of intent to levy was defective because it did not include the type, year, and amount of the taxes respondent seeks to collect. The record includes only the first page of the notice of intent to levy, and this page does not identify either the type of tax, 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*64 the periods at issue, or the amounts of tax and additions to tax at issue. The last sentence of this page reads: "We detail these charges, known as Statutory Additions, on the following pages." The page also lists a number of enclosures, including two publications and Form 12153.
Petitioner also argues that he never received any communication from respondent indicating that respondent accepted the compromise petitioner signed, and therefore the parties did not have a contract and petitioner's dispute over the underlying liabilities was never resolved. Petitioner argues in the alternative that if the Court finds that the parties had an agreement, then petitioner's failure to receive notice and demand for payment precludes respondent's proposed collection action. Finally, petitioner seeks equitable relief from interest and additions to tax.
OPINION
We have jurisdiction under
In reviewing the Commissioner's decision to sustain collection actions, where the validity of the underlying tax liability is properly at issue, the Court reviews the Commissioner's determination of the underlying tax liability de novo.
At 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*66 the collection hearing, a taxpayer may raise any relevant issues relating to the unpaid tax or proposed levy, including spousal defenses, challenges to the appropriateness of the collection actions, and offers of collection alternatives.
In making a determination following a collection hearing, the Commissioner must consider: (1) Whether the requirements of any applicable law or administrative procedure have been met, (2) any relevant issues raised by the taxpayer, and (3) whether the proposed collection action balances the need for efficient collection with legitimate concerns that the collection action be no more intrusive than necessary.
Petitioner challenges: (1) The sufficiency of the final notice of intent to levy, arguing that
1.
At trial petitioner argued for the first time that the collection notice was defective because it did not include the amount of the unpaid tax. He relied upon the portion of the notice admitted at trial. The parties stipulated that the notice submitted in evidence represented the first page of the final notice of intent to levy. Furthermore, it appears (from the received stamp showing a date of March 10, 2006, which the IRS placed on that first page) that petitioner sent this copy of the first page of the final notice of intent to levy to the IRS, attached to his hearing request (which was also received on March 10, 2006). 52009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*68
The notice itself references additional pages and states that the statutory additions are detailed on those subsequent pages. As indicated, the first page did not include either the amount of the unpaid tax or the periods at issue. Yet the Form 12153 petitioner submitted to request the collection hearing clearly stated his dispute with the levy action with respect to tax years 1993 and 1994.
We are satisfied that the final notice of intent to levy respondent issued to petitioner on March 6, 2006, contained the information necessary to apprise petitioner of precisely which taxes respondent proposed to collect by levy, including the amount of the unpaid tax and the periods at issue (resulting in petitioner's accurate reference to tax years 1993 and 1994 in his hearing request).
2.
The taxes at issue are employment taxes, for which respondent was not required to issue a notice of deficiency under
In
Following the March 12, 1998, letter, petitioner challenged the determination of the examining agent. In prosecuting this appeal, petitioner provided documents 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*70 to the AO. As a result of this information (which petitioner had not provided to the examining agent), the AO offered to compromise petitioner's liability. Petitioner agreed, and petitioner and respondent signed Forms 2504-AD memorializing the agreement. (Petitioner signed on March 11, 1999; respondent, on May 4, 1999.) The IRS assessed the amounts reflected on those forms on June 28, 1999.
Petitioner contends that he did not receive the AO's March 12, 1999, letter informing him that respondent had accepted the settlement proposal and that he did not receive the June 28, 1999, notice and demand for payment. We need not and do not make a finding as to whether petitioner received the AO's letter or the notice and demand for payment because IRS records indicate that the IRS mailed both documents to petitioner's last known address. 72009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*71 It is clear that petitioner not only had the opportunity to dispute the underlying tax liabilities but also availed himself of the opportunity for Appeals Office consideration when he challenged the examining agent's determination, provided additional documents to the AO, and negotiated a substantial reduction in the backup withholding and additions to tax.
Respondent was authorized to assess the backup withholding without petitioner's agreement and without issuing a notice of deficiency. See
Petitioner 2009 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 55">*72 appears to be particularly distressed by the fact that respondent did not immediately seek to collect the assessed tax liabilities and in fact a number of years passed before respondent's issuing the final notice of intent to levy. While the record does not fully explain the basis for the CNC status and the years without collection action, we note that petitioner, an attorney, does not indicate that he took any action after agreeing to the assessment. To this extent, petitioner participated in the delay of the collection of the tax liabilities to which he had agreed.
The notice of determination indicates that the SO considered relevant issues petitioner raised, whether the IRS met the requirements of applicable law and administrative procedure, and whether the proposed collection action balances collection efficiency and intrusiveness. Petitioner did not pursue any collection alternatives or raise any spousal defenses. Petitioner's previous opportunity to dispute the underlying tax liabilities and his agreement to assessment of the liabilities prevent him from challenging those liabilities again.
The SO satisfied the requirements of
We have considered all arguments made, and, to the extent not mentioned, we conclude that they are moot, irrelevant, or without merit.
To reflect the foregoing,
1. This case was originally docketed as a small tax case in accordance with petitioner's election. Before trial petitioner orally moved that the small case designation be removed. The Court granted the request, and the S designation was stricken. ↩
2. After the case was submitted, petitioner's counsel informed the Court that petitioner died on Oct. 31, 2008. Elta E. Cain is petitioner's successor-in-interest under California law, and she has standing to represent his estate. Cf.
3. Petitioner provided statements for each of the workers he paid in 1995, resulting in respondent's offering to concede all of the backup withholding and additions to tax for 1995. Because petitioner provided statements for only some of his workers for 1993 and 1994, tax and additions to tax remained for those years.↩
4. The
5. Petitioner also alleges that when he asked respondent's counsel whether respondent had provided him copies of the entire administrative record, respondent's counsel stated that he had provided all documents he possessed and that he would search for additional documents, but only if petitioner identified the documents petitioner sought. Petitioner did not request a complete copy of the Mar. 6, 2006, final notice of intent to levy. We note that petitioner submitted a copy of only the first page of the notice of determination when he filed his petition and amended petition with the Court.
6. The Commissioner must issue a notice of deficiency with respect to adeficiency determination in respect of any tax imposed by subtitle A (income taxes), subtit. B (estate and gift taxes), and certain excise taxes in subtit. D.
7. The notice and demand requirement of
8. Similarly, where a taxpayer consents to a proposed deficiency and waives restrictions on assessment, the Commissioner need not issue a notice of deficiency, and that taxpayer's waiver of the opportunity to challenge the deficiency prevents his contesting the underlying tax liability in a collection hearing and in this Court.
