MEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION

HAINES, Judge: This case is before the Court on a petition for redetermination of a deficiency and an accuracy-related penalty under section 6662(a)¹ that respondent determined for 2005. The issues for decision are: (1) Whether petitioner's former husband's distributive share of the income of two pass-through entities is includable in their joint income for the year at issue, (2) whether petitioner is entitled to relief from joint and several liability pursuant to section 6015 if her former husband's distributive share of income is includable in their joint income, and (3) whether petitioner is liable for the accuracy-related penalty imposed under the provisions of section 6662(a).

FINDINGS OF FACT

Some of the facts have been stipulated and are so found. The stipulation of facts, together with the attached exhibits, 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*151 is incorporated herein by this reference. At the time she filed her petition, petitioner resided in Ohio.

Petitioner received an undergraduate degree in political science from Ohio University and a master's degree in education and higher education administration. Petitioner took courses in accounting and economics while in college. Petitioner worked as a sales representative for Abbott Laboratories, Inc., for 12.5 years, but was no longer employed there at the time of trial. After moving to Nevada in 2000, petitioner married David Jones (Mr. Jones) in 2001 and they had a daughter. Mr. Jones was employed as a pilot with Net Jets from 1999 until November 2006, when he was terminated because of a drinking problem.

Mr. Jones is a 45-percent shareholder of Hadley & Pech, Inc. (Hadley & Pech), an aviation management company that is an S corporation, and a 50-percent owner of Archipelago Aviation, LLC (Archipelago), a limited liability company that charters aircraft and is taxed as a partnership. Roger Sutton (Mr. Sutton), who was a friend of Mr. Jones', owns the remaining 55 percent of Hadley & Pech 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*152 and 50 percent of Archipelago. Neither entity has a written operating agreement.

Before 2006 petitioner relied on Mr. Jones to handle their household finances and to secure and submit necessary tax paperwork. Mr. Jones likewise was responsible for the financial and tax aspects of Hadley & Pech and Archipelago. However, Mr. Jones became addicted to alcohol and other substances that interfered with his responsibilities to his family and his businesses. Mr. Jones entered rehabilitation programs at the beginning of 2005 and again in September 2005. Around the time of Mr. Jones' rehabilitation in September 2005, his business partner, Mr. Sutton, seized all the records and computers of Hadley & Pech and Archipelago and took them from Nevada to Oregon, assuming full control over the financial and tax aspects of the entities.

Upon completion of rehabilitation, Mr. Jones resumed handling his family's finances until October of 2006, when his alcohol addiction required petitioner to take over. Responsibility for filing the couple's 2005 return, which was due on October 15, 2006, fell to petitioner. Petitioner was aware that Hadley & Pech and Archipelago were in operation and that Mr. Jones was 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*153 an owner, and she immediately contacted Mr. Sutton to obtain the 2005 Schedules K-1, Partner's [or Shareholder's] Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc., but he did not send them. Petitioner subsequently visited a return preparer and filed the couple's 2005 joint income tax return on October 15, 2006. Petitioner did not report any income from Hadley & Pech or Archipelago on the 2005 return.

For 2005 Hadley & Pech and Archipelago had $ 101,927 and $ 212,298 of ordinary net business income, respectively. Mr. Jones' shares of that income, as Mr. Sutton eventually reported to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on the Schedules K-1, were $ 45,867 and $ 106,149, respectively. Hadley & Pech's cash distributions for 2005 consisted of $ 115,000 to Mr. Sutton and $ 10,000 to Mr. Jones, while Archipelago did not make any distributions for 2005. During 2005 petitioner was aware of the cash distribution of $ 10,000 from Hadley & Pech, which was used to pay their 2004 income tax liability.

Mr. Jones' alcohol addiction led to the couple's separation on January 21, 2007. Petitioner moved back to Ohio in January of 2007 and was granted a power of attorney over Mr. Jones' financial matters. Throughout 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*154 2007 petitioner made numerous attempts to obtain the 2005 Schedules K-1 from Mr. Sutton, ultimately receiving them in August 2007.

On February 20, 2008, Mr. Jones and petitioner filed a complaint in Nevada against Mr. Sutton, Hadley & Pech, and Archipelago, alleging breach of contract and fraud. The suit was dismissed on June 10, 2008, as to defendants Mr. Sutton and Archipelago because of lack of personal jurisdiction, and as to Hadley & Pech because the court declined to exercise jurisdiction on the basis of the doctrine of forum non conveniens.

On April 21, 2008, respondent issued a notice of deficiency to petitioner and Mr. Jones. In the notice of deficiency respondent determined there were omissions from income for 2005 of $ 152,016 and thus a deficiency of $ 55,171 in joint income tax and an accuracy-related penalty under section 6662(a) of $ 11,034. The deficiency figure is based almost entirely on Mr. Jones' unreported income from Hadley & Pech and Archipelago of $ 45,867 and $ 106,149, respectively. Petitioner timely filed a petition on July 21, 2008, in which she sought a redetermination of the tax deficiency and penalty and raised a claim under section 6015 as an affirmative 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*155 defense. Mr. Jones did not join in the petition and failed to respond to a notice of filing of petition and right to intervene.

Petitioner and Mr. Jones entered into a voluntary separation agreement on March 20, 2009. The separation agreement did not address Mr. Jones' obligation to pay any outstanding income tax liabilities for 2005 but stated that for 2007 petitioner and Mr. Jones would select the tax method generating the least tax liability for both and share the payment of tax equally for 2007. Petitioner filed Form 8857, Request for Innocent Spouse Relief, on March 17, 2009. A decree of dissolution of marriage was entered on May 12, 2009.

OPINION

Section 61(a) defines gross income as "all income from whatever source derived". Hadley & Pech, an S corporation, and Archipelago, a partnership, are pass-through entities. The income from these entities is taxable to Mr. Jones, as a shareholder in one and a partner in the other, to the extent of his proportionate interests in the entities, irrespective of whether he received the income. See secs. 702(a), 1366(a).

For 2005 Hadley & Pech reported $ 101,927 in income, 45 percent, or 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*156 $ 45,867, of which was attributed to Mr. Jones under section 1366(a)(1). Although Mr. Jones received only a $ 10,000 cash distribution from Hadley & Pech in 2005, as a shareholder he was required to recognize his 45-percent share of the S corporation's income even though it was not distributed. See Knott v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1991-352.

Citing Girgis v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 1987-556, affd. in part, revd. in part on another ground and remanded without published opinion 888 F.2d 1386">888 F.2d 1386 (4th Cir. 1989), petitioner claims that, in light of Mr. Jones' comparatively small $ 10,000 cash distribution, the $ 115,000 distribution to Mr. Sutton was improper. Petitioner asserts that because the cash distributions to Mr. Jones and Mr. Sutton were not made in the same percentages as their ownership interests, Hadley & Pech should treat Mr. Sutton's cash distribution as a deductible loss for the year.

In Girgis, a partner embezzled receipts from the partnership, and the innocent partner was able to establish not only that the receipts were embezzled but the exact amount of the embezzlement. The Court allowed the partnership to reduce its income by the amount of the embezzled receipts, producing 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*157 a partnership loss, which passed through to the innocent partner to the extent of his pro rata share. In the instant case, petitioner provided no evidence to establish that the $ 115,000 distribution made by Hadley & Pech to Mr. Sutton during 2005 was impermissible, much less that the disbursement rose to the level of embezzlement.

Petitioner further claims that the 2005 Schedule K-1 she later received from Hadley & Pech is inaccurate. Thus, she claims section 6037(c) permits her to report on her joint return amounts different from those that Hadley & Pech reported on her Schedule K-1. Petitioner's reliance on section 6037(c) to challenge the Schedule K-1 is misplaced. That section requires a shareholder of an S corporation to treat subchapter S items in a manner consistent with the treatment of the items on the corporate return or to file with the Secretary a statement identifying any inconsistency. Sec. 6037(c)(1) and (2)(A)(ii). Petitioner failed to file any such statement or otherwise notify the Secretary of the inconsistent treatment. Thus, petitioner failed to comply with the requirements of section 6037(c). ^{22010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*158}

Archipelago is an LLC that is taxed as a partnership. For 2005, Archipelago reported ordinary net business income of $ 212,298 on its partnership return but did not make a distribution to Mr. Sutton or Mr. Jones during 2005. As a 50-percent partner, Mr. Jones is required to recognize and report $ 106,149, his share of the partnership income even though it was not distributed to the partners. United States v. Basye, 410 U.S. 441">410 U.S. 441, 410 U.S. 441">447-449, 93 S. Ct. 1080">93 S. Ct. 1080, 35 L. Ed. 2d 412">35 L. Ed. 2d 412 (1973); 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*159 Burke v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2005-297, affd. 485 F.3d 171">485 F.3d 171 (1st Cir. 2007); sec. 1.702-1, Income Tax Regs.

Petitioner contends that Mr. Sutton crafted an agreement with Archipelago whereby all of Archipelago's income for 2005 would be allocated solely to Mr. Sutton, and she requests that we respect that agreement. However, petitioner did not offer into evidence any such agreement between Mr. Sutton and the partnership and admits there was no written operating agreement with respect to the partnership. Section 704(b) provides, as does section 1.704-1(b)(1)(i), Income Tax Regs., that if a partnership makes no allocation as to a partner's distributive share of income or loss, or if the agreements provides for allocations that do not have substantial economic effect, then the partner's distributive share shall be determined in accordance with the partner's interest in the partnership. Because Mr. Sutton and Mr. Jones did not have a partnership agreement providing allocations of their respective distributive shares, Mr. Jones is responsible for reporting income attributable to his 50-percent partnership interest.

Petitioner again asserts, with respect to Archipelago, that she and Mr. 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*160 Jones should not be required to pay the tax with respect to this entity because during 2006 Mr. Sutton purportedly caused Archipelago to "pay either to himself or one of his entities substantially all of the cash of Archipelago Aviation, LLC." Even though the year at issue in this case is 2005, petitioner asserts that during 2006 Mr. Sutton wrongfully received all of Archipelago's cash. However, petitioner provided no evidence that any of Archipelago's funds were wrongfully paid to Mr. Sutton or to another of Mr. Sutton's entities. Moreover, even if petitioner had established that funds were wrongfully withdrawn from Archipelago during 2006, this would not affect the income petitioner and Mr. Jones were obligated to report on their 2005 joint Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return. ^{32010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*161}

Generally, when a husband and wife file a joint Federal income tax return, they are jointly and severally liable for the full amount of the tax. Sec. 6013(d)(3); Butler v. Commissioner, 114 T.C. 276">114 T.C. 276, 114 T.C. 276">282 (2000). However, a spouse may qualify for relief from joint and several liability under section 6015(b), (c), or (f) if various requirements are met. Petitioner contends she qualifies for full relief from joint liability under section 6015(b) and (c), and if not, that she is entitled to equitable relief under section 6015(f).

Section 6015(b)(1) authorizes the Commissioner to grant relief from joint and several liability for tax (including interest, penalties, and other amounts) if the taxpayer requesting relief satisfies each of the following five requirements of subparagraphs (A) through (E):

(A) A joint return has been made for a taxable year;

(B) on such return there is an understatement of tax attributable to erroneous items of one individual filing the joint 2010 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 150">*162 return;

(C) the other individual filing the joint return establishes that in signing the return he or she did not know, and had no reason to know, that there was such understatement;

(D) taking into account all the facts and circumstances, it is inequitable to hold the other individual liable for the deficiency in tax for such taxable year attributable to such understatement; and

(E) the other individual elects (in such form as the Secretary may prescribe) the benefits of this subsection not later than the date which is 2 years after the date the Secretary has begun collection activities with respect to the individual making the election * * *