In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                 No. 12-251C
                            (Filed: May 15, 2013)


**********************
RES-CARE, INC.,

                     Plaintiff,

v.

THE UNITED STATES,

           Defendant.
**********************

                                   ORDER

        Plaintiff, Res-Care, Inc. (“Res-Care”), seeks an injunction to halt the
procurement process for the operation of the Blue Ridge Job Corps Center
(“Blue Ridge”) during the pendency of its appeal. Res-Care currently operates
Blue Ridge in Marion, Virginia under contract DOLJ08PA00001, which ran
from April 1, 2008 until March 31, 2013, and has been extended through July
2013. DOL solicited the contract as a small business set-aside in September
of 2012 and anticipates making an award during the summer of 2013. Plaintiff
does not expect a decision from the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
until after the contract has been awarded and therefore seeks an injunction to
maintain the status quo.

       On April 18, 2012, plaintiff filed its complaint protesting the
Department of Labor’s decision to designate the contract for operation of Blue
Ridge as a small business set-aside. Plaintiff’s April 1, 2013 request for an
injunction or stay during the course of the appeal follows our November 6,
2012 opinion denying Res-Care’s motion for judgment on the administrative
record and granting defendant’s cross-motion. Defendant submitted its
response to plaintiff motion for an injunction pending appeal on April 18,
2013, and plaintiff’s reply followed on April 29, 2013. We deem oral
argument unnecessary. For the reasons explained below, we deny plaintiff’s
motion.
                                 DISCUSSION

         Pursuant to the Rules of the Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”), we
have the authority to grant an injunction while an appeal of final judgment is
pending. RCFC 62(c); Fed. R. App. P. 8(a) (“A party must ordinarily move
first the district court for . . . an injunction while an appeal is pending.”). “An
injunction pending appeal . . . is ‘an extraordinary remedy.’” Acrow Corp. of
Am. v. United States, 

, 183 (2011) (quoting Golden Eagle Ref.
Co. v. United States, 

, 624 (1984)). To warrant such extraordinary
relief, the court must find that equity tips in the movant’s favor. See JWK Int’l
Corp. v. United States, 

, 366 (2001). We will weigh the
following factors: “(1) whether the movant has made a strong showing that he
is likely to succeed on the merits; (2) whether the movant will be irreparably
injured absent an injunction; (3) whether issuance of the injunction will
substantially injure the other parties interested in the proceeding; and (4) where
the public interest lies.” Alaska Cent. Express, Inc. v. United States, 51 Fed.
Cl. 227, 229 (2001) (citing Standard Havens Prods., Inc. v. Gencor Indus., 

, 512 (Fed. Cir. 1990) (quoting Hilton v. Braunskill, 

,
776 (1987))). A strong showing of harm may tip the balance of equity in the
movant’s favor even if the movant cannot demonstrate a strong likelihood of
success on merits. JWK Int’l 

(citation omitted)
(stating that when the harm weighs heavily in plaintiff’s favor, then plaintiff
need only “demonstrate a substantial case on the merits”).

I.     Likelihood of Success on the Merits

        In its appeal, plaintiff argues that relevant evidence was improperly
excluded from the administrative record, that portions of plaintiff’s filings
referring to that excluded evidence were improperly struck, that an injunction
should have been entered, that the applicable statute requires full and open
competition, and that the agency’s Rule of Two analysis was arbitrary and
capricious. Specifically, Res-Care asserts that the Workforce Investment Act
(“WIA”), Pub. L. No. 105-220, 112 Stat. 936 (1998), amending various
sections codified throughout Title 29, required that contracts for the operation
of Job Corps Centers be awarded on a “competitive basis” and this term
precludes procurement vehicles such as small business set-asides as described
in the Competition in Contracting Act, (“CICA”), Pub. L. No. 98-369, 98 Stat.
494 (1984), now codified at 41 U.S.C. §§ 3304 (a)-(c) (Supp. V 2011). If,
however, small business set-asides are permitted by statute, then plaintiff
argues that the contracting officer’s decision to set aside this contract for

                                        2
competition amongst small businesses was arbitrary and capricious in light of
data showing in general, that small businesses have a bad track record
operating Job Corps Centers. To support its assertion that small businesses
have a record of poor performance, plaintiff moved to supplement the
administrative record with affidavits from its Executive Vice-President of
Operations, Richard Myers, and a statistical report entitled “Analysis of Small
Business Contracting in Job Corps,” written by Peter Rell, the former National
Director of Job Corps, and Vince Doran, the former President of Res-Care
(“Rell & Doran Report”). We denied this motion with respect to the Rell &
Doran report and portions of Mr. Myers’ affidavits. It was therefore necessary
to strike portions of plaintiff’s motion for judgment on the administrative
record and its reply in support thereof because plaintiff referred to materials
that were not part of the record. After issuing an opinion detailing our
reasoning, we ordered judgment against plaintiff.

       We dealt with each of plaintiff’s contentions in our opinion. See Res-
Care v. United States, 

(2012). There, we concluded that
each of plaintiff’s arguments lacked merit. We see no need to revisit that
conclusion, especially since this factor requires a strong showing of likelihood
of success on the merits. However, if the movant is able to make the lesser
showing of a “‘substantial case on the merits,’” then plaintiff may be able to
obtain injunctive relief if the harm is great enough. Alaska Cent. 

(quoting Standard 

). Without deciding
whether plaintiff has a substantial case on the merits, we examine the other
factors to see whether they weigh in plaintiff’s favor.

II.    Irreparable Harm to Res-Care

       Res-Care claims that, if the procurement proceeds as a small business
set-aside, then it will lose revenue, experienced employees, the ability to use
the contract to demonstrate high-rated past performance, and ultimately, Res-
Care will suffer harm to its reputation from being excluded from the bid
process. These harms, plaintiff states, cannot be remedied through relief that
the court could grant other than an injunction.

       Defendant responds by noting that the harms plaintiff asserts are no
different than the potential consequences that any incumbent contractor faces
during the procurement process and therefore do not warrant the drastic relief
plaintiff requests. CRAssociates, Inc. v. United States, 

, 26
(2012) (“[T]he harms alleged by plaintiff are the sorts of things that any

                                       3
incumbent would experience upon the loss of a successor contract. If plaintiff
is right that these typical types of harm warrant a stay pending appeal here,
then such would be true for every incumbent who fails to obtain a successor
contract.”). We agree. Plaintiff has not shown any unique or irreparable harm
should the procurement continue.

III.   Substantial Injury to Other Parties

       Plaintiff asserts that enjoining the procurement process will not harm
DOL because that agency is currently experiencing budget cuts as a result of
sequestration, has placed a moratorium on the enrollment of new students in
the Job Corps, and has asked current contractors to propose cost savings
measures to implement through the year 2016. These actions, plaintiff claims,
are material changes to the September 2012 solicitation for Blue Ridge, and,
therefore, DOL is required by the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”)
15.206(a),1 to reissue the solicitation for Blue Ridge. Plaintiff argues that an
injunction pending appeal will have the practical effect of benefitting DOL by
granting it time to reissue the solicitation while plaintiff continues operating
the center.

        Additionally, plaintiff notes that the contract has not yet been awarded,
so there is no other entity that would be harmed by halting the procurement
process. Lastly, plaintiff emphasizes that an injunction would ensure
continuity of excellent services for the students. Plaintiff argues that without
the injunction, the students would begin receiving poor quality services from
a small business.

       In response, defendant states that the harms plaintiff alleges are
speculative. 

(“[S]urmise and mere
speculation . . . is simply not proof of irreparable harm.”); PlanetSpace, Inc.
v. United States, 

, 8 (2009) (rejecting an argument of harm based
on future delays that the court found to be speculative). For example, the
moratorium on new student enrollment is set to expire on July 1, 2013. It is
therefore unclear whether the moratorium will have an impact on the Blue
Ridge procurement. It is DOL’s role, and not that of the court, to assess the



       1
        “When, either before or after receipt of proposals, the Government
changes its requirements or terms and conditions, the contracting officer shall
amend the solicitation.” 48 C.F.R. § 15.206(a) (2013).

                                       4
magnitude and consequences of cost reductions and determine the effects, if
any, on the present procurement. DOL will decide whether the material terms
of the contract have been so altered to warrant a new solicitation. Instead,
DOL may choose to negotiate with the offerors to accommodate minor
changes. In addition, we have no basis for concluding that it would require
continuing plaintiff’s services to ensure high-quality training for the students.

       The harm weighs more heavily in favor of allowing DOL to proceed
with the procurement process as it sees fit. Entering the injunction would have
the guaranteed effect of delaying the procurement and forcing the agency to
extend plaintiff’s bridge contract. Plaintiff offers speculation without proof
regarding the potential harm to others that would result from this process. We
conclude that equity does not favor enjoining the procurement.

IV.    Public Interest

       The public interest is well served, according to plaintiff, by encouraging
competition amongst a larger pool of bidders, which results in a higher chance
of awarding the contract to the best-suited bidder. Defendant correctly
explains, however, that small business set-asides have been endorsed by
Congress as an acceptable means of promoting competition. See Data
Transformation Corp. v. United States, 

, 175-76 (1987).

        Plaintiff also cites Red River Holdings, LLC v. United States, for the
proposition that “the public interest is best served when procurement errors are
rectified and the award is made to the correct contractor in accord with the
contract solicitations and the award criteria.” 

, 628 (2010).
Plaintiff argues that we should grant the injunction until the appeal is decided
so that the integrity of the procurement process will be preserved. This
assumes its conclusion, however, that there were mistakes in the procurement
process, a conclusion which the court has heretofore rejected.


                                CONCLUSION

        The balance of equity does not weigh in plaintiff’s favor. It would
therefore be inappropriate to grant an injunction during the pendency of
plaintiff’s appeal. We deny plaintiff’s motion for an injunction or stay pending
appeal.



                                       5
    s/Eric G. Bruggink
    ERIC G. BRUGGINK
    Judge




6