STATE OF VERMONT

                             ENVIRONMENTAL COURT

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In re Smith 4-Lot Subdivision Final Plat       }      Docket No. 244-12-09 Vtec
       (Appeal of Pauze)                       }
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       Decision and Order on Appellant’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment

      Appellant E. Francis Pauze, Jr. appealed from a decision of the Development

Review Board (DRB) of the Town of Poultney, granting final plat approval, with

conditions, for a four-lot subdivision proposed by Applicant Howard Smith. Appellant

is represented by John C. Thrasher, Esq.; and Appellee-Applicant Howard Smith is

represented by Phyllis R. McCoy-Jacien, Esq. The Town of Poultney has not entered an

appearance in this matter.



      Appellant has moved for partial summary judgment on Questions 1 through 6 of

the seven-question Statement of Questions, and asks this Court to deny the subdivision

application. Appellant also asks the Court to disregard Applicant’s memorandum in

opposition to his motion for summary judgment, arguing that it was filed two days

beyond the deadline set in the Court’s scheduling order.

      The scheduling order issued on February 3, 2010, in this matter allowed

Appellant to file a motion for summary judgment by March 3, 2010, and further

provided that “[a]ny response to a motion for summary judgment shall be filed within

the time frame set forth in” the Vermont Rules of Civil Procedure. If Appellant’s

summary judgment motion had been filed on March 3, 2010, Applicant’s response

would have been due on Monday, April 5, 2010, including the three additional days

allocated under V.R.C.P. 6(e) for responses to motions mailed by parties. However,

Appellant’s motion was filed a week early, on February 24, 2010, so that the time for
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responses expired on March 29, 2010, also including the three additional days.

Applicant’s response was filed on March 31, 2010, only two days beyond the time

allowed in the scheduling order, if calculated from the date Appellant’s motion was

actual filed, and five days earlier than required if calculated from Appellant’s original

deadline to file the motion.     Under these circumstances, the Court will consider

Applicant’s memorandum in opposition to the motion, as well as Appellant’s reply

memorandum filed on April 8, 2010.

      The facts stated in this decision are undisputed unless otherwise noted.



      Classification of Subdivision as Major

      Applicant proposes a subdivision to consist of four numbered lots, one

containing an existing house, in a Rural Residential 1-Acre zoning district in the village

of East Poultney. Only the lot containing the existing house has frontage on a public

street. The other three lots do not have frontage on a public street; access to the public

street for those lots is proposed over a new private subdivision access road.

      The proposed subdivision access road is proposed as a private road, not as a

public road. It is not proposed to be a new municipal street or street extension, even

though it proposes a new private road. Nevertheless, the proposed subdivision falls

within the review category of a major subdivision, because all the proposed lots do not

have frontage on an existing public street, regardless of whether the subdivision itself

requires a “new municipal street, [new municipal] street extension, or [new] municipal

facilities.” Town of Poultney Subdivision Regulations, art. V [hereinafter Subdivision

Regulations].1


1
  The definition of “minor subdivision” requires it to be a “subdivision containing not
more than four (4) lots which have frontage on an existing public street . . . .”
Subdivision Regulations, art. V (emphasis added). By its terms, this definition requires
each of the proposed subdivision lots to have frontage. That is, if the intent of the
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      Questions 4 and 5 of the Statement of Questions

      Question 4 of the Statement of Questions asks the Court to determine whether

the proposed subdivision access roadway is a “separate and distinct lot,” apart from

any of the four proposed single-family lots. If the Court determines that it is a separate

and distinct lot, Question 5 asks whether “any of the lots created by the subdivision

meet the minimum lot size required by the Town of Poultney Zoning Regulations.”

      However, material facts are in dispute, or at least have not been clearly provided

to the Court, as to the ownership status of the roadway, as shown on the subdivision

plan itself. The proposed ownership of the land lying under the subdivision access

roadway as shown on the plan is somewhat inconsistent with Applicant’s current

description of his proposal. The outcome of the present motion, and of the application

itself, depends on the way in which Applicant has configured the proposed subdivision.

A series of three diagrams is appended to this decision to enable the reader better to

follow the distinctions among the possible configurations.

      As shown in Diagram 1, Applicant appears to be proposing that Lot 1 consists of

the land lying under the right-of-way for the private subdivision access road, together

with two other segments of land: the triangular piece of property containing the

existing house, located northerly of the private access road, and the roughly rectangular

piece of property containing the proposed replacement area for the Lot 1 septic system,

located southerly of the private access road and easterly of Lot 2.        If that is the

configuration actually proposed by Applicant, then the parties do not dispute that Lots

1, 2, 3, and 4 each meet the minimum 40,000-square-foot lot size. Compare Appellant’s

Exhibits H & I (depicting Appellant’s measurements), with Appellant’s Exhibit A




section had been to require only that the subdivision property as a whole had to have
some frontage, then grammatically the definition would have had to have stated instead
that a minor subdivision is one which “has” frontage on an existing public street.
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(Applicant’s plot plan depicting Applicant’s measurements).2

      Such a configuration, which includes the private subdivision access road as part

of Lot 1, requires that Lots 2, 3, and 4 each have an easement over Lot 1 to use the

private subdivision access road in order to access to those three lots. On the other hand,

if Applicant instead intends in the future to convey the land lying under the private

subdivision access right-of-way to be held in common by the owners of the four

subdivision lots, as is suggested by paragraph 1 of Applicant’s Road Maintenance

Agreement and Covenants, such a conveyance may require future subdivision approval

to create a fifth lot, consisting of the land lying under the access road right-of-way. See

Diagram 2.

      Under those circumstances, the two resulting portions of Lot 1 would be

separated by the private subdivision access road, but would have to be considered a

single lot in order for Lot 1 to meet the minimum lot size requirements. No such

proposal is made as part of the present application. To the contrary, it appears instead

from Applicant’s memorandum in opposition to the motion for summary judgment that

the Road Maintenance Agreement and Covenants document is being changed. See

Applicant’s Opposition to Appellant’s Motion for Summary Judgment, at 4 (Mar. 31,

2010) (“The Town is requiring amendments to the Road Maintenance Agreement and

changes will be made by [Applicant’s] now counsel in regard to wording in the

Agreement.”).    If that document is indeed being changed, the parties should be

prepared to state, at the telephone conference scheduled in the final paragraphs of this

decision, whether this application needs to be remanded to the DRB for it to consider

the changed configuration of the property and the new covenants document.

      In addition, both of the configurations discussed in the parties’ memoranda

differ from what appears to be shown on the subdivision plan. Although the legend on

2  Although Appellant’s motion refers to the minimum lot size as being 1 acre, Article V
of the Zoning Regulations defines it as 40,000 square feet.
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the plan provided in connection with the motion for summary judgment does not

define either the solid or the broken lines depicted on the plan, the plan appears to

show lot lines for Lots 2, 3, and 4 that extend across the subdivision access roadway to

the northerly boundary of the subdivision property. See Diagram 3. If Lots 2, 3 and 4

do in fact extend all the way across the subdivision access road to the northerly

boundary of the subdivision property, then each of the lots, including Lot 1, will instead

require an easement over each of the other lots in order to use the private roadway to

access the public street or to access the turnaround at the other end of the roadway.

       Because material facts are in dispute as to the configuration of what is actually

being proposed, the Court cannot resolve Questions 4 and 5 of the Statement of

Questions regarding whether each (or any) of the proposed lots meets the minimum

required lot size.



       Questions 1 and 2 of the Statement of Questions

       Question 1 of the Statement of Questions asks the Court to determine whether

the proposed subdivision access roadway is a “street” as that term is defined in the

Subdivision Regulations. If the Court determines that the access roadway is a “street,”

Question 2 asks whether the application can comply with the Subdivision Regulations

as to street construction.

       The Town of Poultney Road Policy (Road Policy) establishes minimum

requirements for the Town to consider taking over a road, that is, to convert it from a

private roadway to a public road for which the Town is responsible. The Road Policy

establishes that the Town will not take over as a public road any road that is less than

1500 feet in length and serves fewer than three houses. Town of Poultney Road Policy

§ IV(15). However, the Road Policy does not obligate or require the Town to take over

streets that serve three or more houses or those that are longer than 1500 feet. The Road

Policy also establishes the presumption that any road less than 500 feet in length is
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private, 

but it does not state that all roads longer than 500 feet are public.

Rather, it addresses the “minimum specifications for roads proposed for acceptance by

the Town of Poultney as town highways.” 

       The Town is not obligated to accept streets or roads serving a subdivision as

public streets. Rather, § 280 of the Subdivision Regulations makes it clear that DRB

approval of a subdivision plat does not obligate the Town to take over the subdivision

access road as a public street, and, if such a street is intended to become a public street,

makes it clear that the DRB may require a written agreement between an applicant and

the Town regulating their respective responsibilities.

       In the present case, Applicant does not propose that the private subdivision

access roadway be taken over by the Town as a public street. In fact, in approving the

subdivision application the DRB imposed a condition that the private road remain

private and that it not be not be taken over by the Town as a public street.

       Appellant, however, argues that the private subdivision access roadway

nevertheless falls within the definition of “street” in the Subdivision Regulations, and

therefore must comply with the Town Highway specifications pursuant to § 420.8 of the

Subdivision Regulations. The term “street” is defined in the Subdivision Regulations as

“any road, highway, avenue, street, [or] land or other way between right-of-way lines,

commonly used by the public for vehicular traffic.”        Although the parties have not

disclosed the date of adoption of the Subdivision Regulations, those regulations

evidently were adopted prior to July of 2004, as may be seen by references in the

regulations to certain section numbers in the state statute that changed after that date.

See, e.g., Subdivision Regulations § 170 (This provision, regarding enforcement, refers

to 24 V.S.A. §§ 4444 and 4445, which were recodified at 24 V.S.A. §§ 4451 and 4452 in

2004.). By contrast, the later-adopted Zoning Regulations, which became effective in

July of 2008 and are also administered by the DRB, define the term “street or road” as a

“public way for vehicular traffic which affords the principal means of access to abutting
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properties,” Zoning Regulations, art. XI (emphasis added); this later-adopted definition

suggests that there is a distinction between a public street and a private street.

       In the present case, the Court need not reach the question of whether the internal

subdivision roadways of a large subdivision qualify as “streets” under either ordinance,

even if the subdivider is required or agrees to keep those roadways in private

ownership. Rather, all that is before the Court in the present case the Court is whether a

private right-of-way used to access three or four single-family houses is considered to

be “commonly used by the public.”

       The Court, however, cannot interpret this phrase without the context of knowing

how it has been applied by the DRB in the past or whether it has been consistently

applied.3 The only evidence that has been presented to the Court by either party on this

issue, as the Town has not submitted a memorandum, is the statement by the Town’s

attorney during the August 2009 DRB hearing, reported in the meeting minutes as

follows:

       Town Attorney Neal Vreeland commented that the road described in the
       application cannot be considered a ‘street’ as per the definition of a
       ‘street,’ and therefore there was no requirement that the access conform to
       Town Highway Specifications.
       Because material facts are in dispute, or at least have not been provided to the

Court, regarding whether the DRB or the Town have consistently applied the definition

of “street” as described in the Town attorney’s comment quoted above, summary

judgment must be denied on Questions 1 and 2 at this time.


3
   See In re Champlain College Maple Street Dormitory, 

, ¶ 10 (“We defer to
the approach taken by the City below, which appears to have been applied consistently,
and we uphold the Environmental Court's conclusion that the project complies with the
density requirement.” (citations omitted)); In re Duncan, 

, 408 (1990)
(standing for the proposition that the court gives deference to interpretation of zoning
ordinance by local administrative body).


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      Question 6 of the Statement of Questions

      Question 6 of the Statement of Questions asks whether there is “sufficient

clearance” to the subdivision access roadway “where one of the existing septic systems

is located within the right of way and the septic system of the adjacent lot owner is

closer than the minimum isolation distance from the proposed roadway or driveway.”

      The septic systems and water supplies for the proposed lots were approved by

the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources; that permit has not been appealed.           The

ANR permit requires the plans submitted for that permit approval to be complied with,

and prohibits construction, earthwork, or other activity within the areas reserved for the

replacement areas. If the private subdivision access road is not considered a “street,”

and therefore does not need to be built to town highway specifications, then the

traveled way of the road is not required to be as wide as claimed by Appellant and no

ditches are required as claimed by Appellant, allowing the project to comply with the

ANR requirements as designed and as approved by the ANR.

      Because material facts are in dispute, or at least have not been provided to the

Court, regarding whether the DRB or the Town have consistently applied the definition

of “street” as described in the Town attorney’s comment quoted above, summary

judgment must be denied on Question 6 at this time.



      Question 3 of the Statement of Questions

      Question 3 of the Statement of Questions asks the Court to determine whether

the Applicant’s subdivision application conforms with § 460(B) of the Subdivision

regulations, which “require[es] open space or recreation areas or the payment of an

amount determined by the legislative body to be used for open space or recreation

areas.”

      Section 460(A) of the Subdivision Regulations requires that, if a park,
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playground, or other recreation area is shown on the municipal plan, the developer of a

subdivision including that area must provide for the park, playground, or recreation

area, or must pay a fee in lieu of providing it. Nothing has been provided to the Court

to suggest that the Town Plan shows a park, playground, or other recreation area

within the area covered by the proposed subdivision. However, if no park, playground,

or recreation area shown in the Town Plan is located within the proposed subdivision,

by its terms §460(B) does require the Board to impose a condition requiring the

subdivider to make a payment to the Town towards a park and recreation special fund,

in an amount to be determined by the Town’s legislative body. It remains for trial

whether the legislative body of the Town has established a schedule for such payments,

or, if not, whether a mechanism and any standards exist by which the legislative body is

to perform that action, and whether any such action would be separately appealable.



      Accordingly, based on the foregoing, it is hereby ORDERED and ADJUDGED

that Appellant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED in Part as to Question 3,

and is otherwise DENIED as material facts are disputed, as follows.

      As to Question 3, no park, playground, or recreation area is required to be

provided under §460(B) of the Subdivision Regulations, partially resolving Question 3

of the Statement of Questions; the remainder of Question 3 remains for trial.

      The remainder of Appellant’s Motion for Summary Judgment is denied, as

material facts are in dispute, or at least have not been provided to the Court in

connection with the motion memoranda. Specifically as to Questions 1, 2, and 6 of the

Statement of Questions, as discussed above, material facts have not been provided as to

whether the position stated by the Town’s attorney at the August 2009 DRB hearing,

that the proposed private subdivision access road does not fall within the definition of

“street” as that term is used in the Subdivision Regulations, is an interpretation that has

been applied consistently by the DRB. Champlain College Maple Street Dormitory,
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, ¶ 10. Specifically as to Questions 4 and 5 of the Statement of Questions, as

discussed above, once Applicant clarifies the configuration that is being proposed, it

will be possible for the Court to rule on summary judgment as to whether the proposed

lots meet the minimum lot size. The parties should be prepared to discuss at the

telephone conference (see enclosed notice) whether any of these facts require trial or

may instead be submitted through supplementary motions for summary judgment.

       The parties should also be prepared to discuss at the telephone conference

whether changes to Applicant’s plans or documents warrant a remand of this matter to

the DRB to act in the first instance on the revised application. The parties may wish to

consult with their surveyors or other consultants in advance of the conference, or to

have them available at the time of the conference, to resolve any factual questions about

what is being proposed. Due to the issues of interpretation of the Town’s Subdivision

Regulations, a copy of this decision has been sent to the Town’s attorney; if the Town

will be entering an appearance, or wishes to participate as amicus, any application to do

so should be filed enough in advance of the conference so that the Court can rule on it

at the conference.   If the matter will not be remanded, the parties also should be

prepared at the conference to establish a schedule for the mediation already ordered in

this case, and to discuss the length of time that would be needed for trial.



       Done at Berlin, Vermont, this 30th day of April, 2010.




                            _________________________________________________
                                  Merideth Wright
                                  Environmental Judge




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