JOHN McBRYDE, District Judge.
Now before the court is the motion for summary judgment filed in the above action by defendants, Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") and GMAC Mortgage, LLC ("GMAC"). Plaintiff, Rodric Brock,
Plaintiff initiated this removed action by the filing on February 15, 2011, of his original petition in the District Court of Tarrant County, Texas, 17th Judicial District, asserting claims and causes of action related to defendants' foreclosure of plaintiff's property. Plaintiff asserted claims against both defendants for wrongful foreclosure, fraud and misrepresentation, and violations of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices—Consumer Protection Act ("DTPA"), Tex. Bus. & Comm. Code §§ 17.41-17.63, and against GMAC for violations of the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("FDCPA"), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1692-1692p, and Texas Finance Code §§ 392.001-392.404.
Defendants argue for summary judgment on the following grounds: plaintiff failed to allege all of the elements of a wrongful foreclosure claim; plaintiff failed to plead fraud with particularity as required by Rule 9 of the Federal Rules of civil Procedure and also failed to allege all the required elements of a fraud claim; defendants are not debt collectors under the FDCPA; plaintiff failed to state a claim under the TDCPA and failed to establish a causal link between the alleged violation and the alleged injury; and plaintiff is not a consumer under the DTPA. Defendants also maintain that an accounting is not an independent cause of action, and plaintiff's claims for declaratory and injunctive relief fail because plaintiff failed to plead a sufficient basis for any of his substantive claims.
The following facts are undisputed in the summary judgment record:
On or about March 9, 1999, plaintiff, along with his then-wife Amy Brock, executed a promissory note in the amount of $123,500.00 in favor of Homecomings Financial Network, Inc. ("Homecomings"), for the purchase of a home in Hurst, Texas. The note was secured by a deed of trust. Homecomings transferred the servicing rights to the loan to GMAC effective April 1, 1999.
Plaintiff defaulted on the loan and the property was sold at a foreclosure sale held January 4, 2011. GMAC purchased the property, and subsequently transferred the property to FNMA by special warranty deed.
Rule 56(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that the court shall grant summary judgment on a claim or defense if there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a);
Once the movant has carried its burden under Rule 56(a), the nonmoving party must identify evidence in the record that creates a genuine dispute as to each of the challenged elements of its case.
To state a claim for wrongful foreclosure, plaintiff must show: "(1) a defect in the foreclosure sale proceedings; (2) a grossly inadequate selling price; and (3) a causal connection between the defect and the grossly inadequate selling price."
In order to establish a claim of fraud by misrepresentation under Texas law, plaintiff must allege that the defendant made a material misrepresentation, that the speaker knew to be false or was made recklessly, with the intent to induce plaintiff's reliance, followed by actual and justifiable reliance that caused the plaintiff's injury.
Rule 9(b) thus requires "a plaintiff pleading fraud to specify the statements contended to be fraudulent, identify the speaker, state when and where the statements were made, and explain why the statements were fraudulent."
Plaintiff's allegations of fraud fail to satisfy the heightened pleading requirement of Rule 9(b). In the petition plaintiff alleges that on unspecified dates he spoke with unnamed individuals about his request for a loan modification. On one of those occasions the unnamed individual told him only that his request for a modification was under review. Not only does this statement fail to satisfy the pleading requirements of Rule 9(b), but plaintiff has also failed to explain how it satisfies any of the elements of a fraud cause of action under Texas law.
The only other alleged misrepresentation was when an unspecified individual, on an unknown date, told plaintiff the foreclosure sale would be canceled if plaintiff provided certain documentation of his ability to cure the default. Although this statement comes closer to alleging the contents of the false representation, it also fails to allege "the particulars of time, place, . . . [and] the identity of the person making the misrepresentation and what that person obtained thereby."
The FDCPA makes it unlawful for debt collectors to use abusive tactics while collecting debts for others.
15 U.S.C. § 1692a(6). Additionally, the "legislative history of section 1692a(6) indicates conclusively that a debt collector does not include the consumer's creditors, a mortgage servicing company, or an assignee of a debt, as long as the debt was not in default at the time it was assigned."
Here, plaintiff affirmatively pleaded, and the summary judgment evidence establishes, that GMAC was the mortgage servicer, and that at the time GMAC obtained the servicing rights to plaintiff's mortgage loan, plaintiff was not in default on the note. Under these circumstances, GMAC is excluded from the definition of "debt collector" under the FDCPA, and summary judgment is warranted as to this claim.
Similar to its federal counterpart, the TDCPA prohibits certain unlawful acts in the collection of consumer debt. Plaintiff first maintained that GMAC violated the TDCPA by "induc[ing] Plaintiff[] into believing that the foreclosure sale would be canceled and that [he] would be given the opportunity to complete a loan modification and/or cure the default. . . ." Pl.'s Original Verified Pet. ("Pl.'s Pet.") at 14, attached to Defs.' Notice of Removal. Plaintiff does not cite to the specific section of the TDCPA allegedly violated by such conduct, nor has plaintiff directed the court to authority holding that discussions concerning cancellation of a foreclosure sale and a possible loan modification constitute impermissible debt collection activities.
Plaintiff's only other allegation concerning conduct that violated the TDCPA is his statement that one of the notice letters he received from GMAC demanded payment of $114,574.13 to cure the default, an "amount [] way in excess of any possible amount required to cure the default . . .," which "constitutes a misrepresentation of the character, amount or extent of the indebtedness."
To assert a claim under the DTPA requires plaintiff to first show that he is a consumer as defined by the statute.
Plaintiff's only allegation in support of consumer status is the conclusory assertion that "at the time that Plaintiff[] sought a loan modification under the RAMP program, Plaintiff[] was considered [a] `consumer' under the RAMP loan modification program. "Pl.'s Pet. at 15. Plaintiff again directs the court to no authority whereby an attempt to participate in a federal loan modification program affords him consumer status under the DTPA. The substance of the petition concerns plaintiff's attempts to modify his mortgage loan to avoid foreclosure. However, plaintiff did not obtain the loan from either defendant, and nowhere in the petition does he allege that he sought to acquire goods or services by lease or purchase from defendants, and no allegations in the petition lead to that conclusion. More than plaintiff's conclusory assertion is required to establish consumer status under the DTPA.
Plaintiff also attempts to assert consumer status by virtue of his claims under the TDCPA. The TDCPA is a "tie-in" statute, whereby a violation of that statute also violates the DTPA. However, because the court has already concluded that dismissal of plaintiff's TDCPA claim is warranted, plaintiff has failed to state a claim under the DTPA through any tie-in statute.
An accounting is generally an equitable remedy rather than an independent cause of action.
Here, nothing in the petition nor in the summary judgment record shows why plaintiff could not obtain the requested information through typical discovery methods such as interrogatories or requests for production. Accordingly, the demand for accounting is also dismissed.
The petition seeks relief under the Texas Declaratory Judgments Act, section 37.001-37.011 of the Texas civil Practice & Remedies Code. The Texas act is a procedural, rather than substantive, provision, and would generally not apply to a removed action such as this one.
Both the federal and Texas declaratory judgment acts are procedural devices that create no substantive rights.
Likewise, to prevail on his request for injunctive relief, plaintiff is required to plead and prove,
Therefore,
The court ORDERS that defendants' motion for summary judgment be, and is hereby, granted, and that all such claims and causes of action brought by plaintiff, Rodric Brock, against GMAC and FNMA be, and are hereby, dismissed with prejudice.