ORDER AND OPINION

[Re: Motion at Docket 14]

JOHN W. SEDWICK, District Judge.

I. MOTION PRESENTED

At docket 14, defendants Intellectual Solutions, Inc. ("Intellectual Solutions"), Claypool Resources, LLC ("Claypool"), Mervin Dayan, Vivian Dayan, Maurice Dayan, and Jennifer Dayan (collectively "defendants") move pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(2) to be dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction. Plaintiff Great American Duck Races, Inc. ("plaintiff" or "Great American") opposes the motion at docket 21. Defendants reply is at docket 24. Oral argument was requested but would not assist the court.

II. BACKGROUND

Great American is an Arizona corporation that manufactures and sells pool and spa products. One of its products is the Underwater Light Show ("ULS"),1 which creates an elaborate light display in swimming pools. ULS is sold at many retailers, including Target and Walmart. Great American is the exclusive licensee of two patents—United States Patent Number 7,413,319 and United States Patent Number 7,717,582—both entitled "METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR UNDERWATER LIGHT DISPLAY," and both of which contain disclosures pertaining to the ULS. Plaintiff maintains that defendants have offered for sale virtually identical copies of ULS products that infringe on both patents. The allegedly infringing products are in boxes displaying the GOOD TIMES mark.

Intellectual Solutions is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in New Jersey. It is an intellectual property holding company. It owns the GOOD TIMES mark. Intellectual Solutions licenses the GOOD TIMES mark to Claypool. Claypool is a limited liability company organized under Delaware law with its principal place of business in New Jersey. Claypool imports the allegedly infringing products into the United States and sells them to ASAP. ASAP sells the allegedly infringing products to retailers.

Intellectual Solutions, Claypool, and ASAP are each owned by Vivian and Jennifer Dayan. Their respective husbands, Mervin and Maurice Dayan, have been delegated managerial authority over each company. Maurice Dayan is the son of Mervin and Vivian Dayan.

Great American filed suit in federal court asserting claims against ASAP, Intellectual Solutions, Claypool, Mervin Dayan, Vivian Dayan, Maurice Dayan, and Jennifer Dayan. Plaintiff has asserted two claims for patent infringement, and one state law claim for unfair competition.

III. STANDARD OF REVIEW

"Where a defendant moves to dismiss a complaint [pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(2),] for lack of personal jurisdiction, the plaintiff bears the burden of establishing that a court has personal jurisdiction over a defendant."2 Where the motion is based only upon written materials, rather than an evidentiary hearing, the plaintiff is required only to make a prima facie showing of personal jurisdiction.3 Uncontroverted allegations in the complaint are taken as true, and conflicts between parties over statements contained in affidavits are resolved in favor of the plaintiff.4

"Where, as here, there is no applicable federal statute governing personal jurisdiction, the district court applies the law of the state in which the district court sits."5 Arizona Rule of Civil Procedure 4.2(a) authorizes the exercise of jurisdiction to the extent permitted by federal due process requirements.6 Due process requires that the defendant "have certain minimum contacts with [the forum] such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice."7

IV. DISCUSSION

Defendants concede in their response that Great American has made a prima facie case that the court has personal jurisdiction over Intellectual Solutions.8 Accordingly, the only issues are whether the court has personal jurisdiction over Claypool and the individual defendants.

Federal Circuit law governs personal jurisdiction over defendants to claims "intimately related to patent law."9 Personal jurisdiction over defendants to other claims is governed by the law of the regional circuit.10 Plaintiff has asserted two claims for patent infringement and one state law claim for unfair competition.

General jurisdiction arises where a defendant has "substantial" or "continuous and systematic" contacts with the forum and therefore "can be haled into court in that state in any action, even if the action is unrelated to those contacts."11 None of the defendants' contacts with Arizona are so substantial, or continuous and systematic that general jurisdiction may be exercised.

Specific jurisdiction exists where "(1) the defendant has performed some act or consummated some transaction within the forum or otherwise purposefully availed himself of the privileges of conducting activities in the forum, (2) the claim arises out of or results from the defendant's forum-related activities, and (3) the exercise of jurisdiction is reasonable."12

A defendant purposefully avails itself of a forum if it "delivers its products into the stream of commerce with the expectation that they will be purchased by consumers in the forum."13 Under Federal Circuit law, personal jurisdiction may be exercised over a defendant who "purposefully ship[s] products through an established distribution channel with the expectation that those products w[ill] be sold in the forum."14

A. Claypool

Defendants argue that Claypool is a licensee of Intellectual Solutions that imports goods from China under the GOOD TIMES mark, and then sells them to ASAP, who in turn sells them to wholesalers and retailers in the United States. Defendants maintain that Claypool has no contacts with Arizona, could not anticipate being haled into court in Arizona, and that importing goods with the GOOD TIMES mark into the United States does not constitute activity that is purposely directed at Arizona.

Plaintiff argues that sale of the imported products to an affiliated company—ASAP—that it knew would distribute the products to Arizona, constitutes purposeful availment. Claypool does not dispute that it imports the allegedly infringing products into the United States or sells those products to ASAP. Because Claypool and ASAP have the same owners and managers, Claypool knew that the allegedly infringing products would be sold in Arizona. Because plaintiff's claims arise out of the allegedly infringing products presence in Arizona, plaintiff has made a prima facie showing that Claypool is subject to personal jurisdiction in Arizona.

B. Individual Defendants

Each of the individual defendants have submitted declarations stating that they have no personal contacts with Arizona.15 Mervin and Maurice Dayan state that they have never resided or owned property in Arizona. They argue that plaintiff's allegations do not support the proposition that either one purposefully directed any conduct at Arizona or its residents. Vivian and Jennifer Dayan make identical arguments and add that neither has been involved in the management or operation of Intellectual Solutions, Claypool, or ASAP.

Plaintiffs respond that personal jurisdiction over each of the individual defendants is proper on a veil-piercing theory. In Arizona, "an officer, director or shareholder of a corporation may not be held liable for the torts of the corporation unless (1) he authorized or participated in the actions or (2) the corporation is an alter ego."16

"In determining whether alter ego liability applies, [federal courts] apply the law of the forum state."17 In Arizona, "alter-ego status . . . exist[s] when there is such unity of interest and ownership that the separate personalities of the corporation and owners cease to exist."18 Factors bearing on this question include: failure to maintain corporate formalities; undercapitalization; commingling of corporate and personal finances; plaintiff's lack of knowledge about a separate corporate existence, and diversion of corporate property for personal use.19

Because plaintiff need only make a prima facie showing of personal jurisdiction, and because factual conflicts are resolved in plaintiff's favor, it is only necessary to evaluate plaintiff's evidence that alter ego status exists. Plaintiff has presented evidence that Intellectual Solutions had not filed an annual tax report since 2008 and that its status was void as of March 1, 2011.20 Defendants respond that Intellectual Solutions paid its 2009 and 2010 taxes on March 2, 2012, and reinstated its charter—defendants have produced evidence that Intellectual Solutions is currently in good standing. Regardless of whether its failure to pay taxes was an "oversight,"21 it is evidence that Intellectual Solutions has failed to observe corporate formalities. It is also undisputed that the Dayan wives own Intellectual Solutions.

Based on the plaintiff's allegations in the complaint, and the limited evidence that has been provided with the parties' briefing, the court is unable to conclude whether veil-piercing is appropriate. In deciding a motion under Rule 12(b)(2), "[a] court may order discovery."22 "Discovery may appropriately be [ordered] where pertinent facts bearing on the question of jurisdiction are controverted or where a more satisfactory showing of the facts is necessary."23 A more satisfactory showing that Intellectual Solutions—or any of the other corporate entities—is the alter ego of the individual defendants is necessary in this instance.

V. CONCLUSION

For the reasons above, it is ORDERED that the parties shall have 49 days to conduct limited discovery regarding the alleged alter ego status of ASAP, Claypool, and Intellectual Solutions.

Defendant's motion at docket 14 to dismiss Claypool for lack of personal jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2) is DENIED. With respect to Mervin Dayan, Vivian Dayan, Maurice Dayan, and Jennifer Dayan, the motion is DENIED without prejudice to renewal after the parties have engaged in the limited discovery ordered above.