STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER

SUZANNE H. SEGAL, Magistrate Judge.

1. A. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS

Discovery in this action is likely to involve confidential, proprietary, or private information requiring special protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than this litigation. Thus, the Court enters this Protective Order. This Order does not confer blanket protections of all disclosures or responses to discovery, and the protection it gives from public disclosure and use extends only to the specific material entitled to confidential treatment under the applicable legal principles. This Order does not automatically authorize the filing under seal of material designated under this Order. Instead, the parties must comply with L.R. 79-5 if they seek to file anything under seal. This Order does not govern the use at trial of material designated under this Order.

B. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT

The plaintiff and defendants are business competitors. Discovery in this action will involve sales revenue and profits, customer and pricing lists and other valuable research, development, commercial, financial, technical and/or proprietary information for which special protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecution of this action is warranted. Such confidential and proprietary materials and information consist of, among other things, confidential business or financial information, information regarding confidential business practices, or other confidential research, development, or commercial information (including information implicating privacy rights of third parties), information otherwise generally unavailable to the public, or which may be privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure under state or federal statutes, court rules, case decisions, or common law. Accordingly, to expedite the flow of information, to facilitate the prompt resolution of disputes over confidentiality of discovery materials, to adequately protect information the parties are entitled to keep confidential, to ensure that the parties are permitted reasonable necessary uses of such material in preparation for and in the conduct of trial, to address their handling at the end of the litigation, and serve the ends of justice, a protective order for such information is justified in this matter. It is the intent of the parties that information will not be designated as confidential for tactical reasons and that nothing be so designated without a good faith belief that it has been maintained in a confidential, non-public manner, and there is good cause why it should not be part of the public record of this case.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1 Action: [this pending federal law suit]. [*Option: consolidated or related actions.]

2.2 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the designation of information or items under this Order.

2.3 "CONFIDENTIAL" Information or Items: information (regardless of how it is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c), and as specified above in the Good Cause Statement.

2.4 Counsel: Outside Counsel of Record and House Counsel (as well as their support staff).

2.5 Designating Party: a Party or non-Party that designates information or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as "CONFIDENTIAL."

2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless of the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including, among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter.

2.7 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as an expert witness or as a consultant in this Action.

2.8 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this Action. House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside counsel.

2.9 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity not named as a Party to this action.

2.10 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a party to this Action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this Action and have appeared in this Action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm which has appeared on behalf of that party, and incudes support staff.

2.11 Party: any party to this Action, including all of its officers, directors, employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their support staffs).

2.12 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or Discovery Material in this Action.

2.13 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and their employees and subcontractors.

2.14 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is designated as "CONFIDENTIAL."

2.15 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery Material from a Producing Party.

3.SCOPE

The protections conferred by this Stipulated Protective Order cover not only Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material.

Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by the orders of the trial judge. This Order does not govern the use of Protected Material at trial.

4. DURATION

Even after final disposition of this litigation, the confidentiality obligations imposed by this Order shall remain in effect until a Designating Party agrees otherwise in writing or a court order otherwise directs. Final disposition shall be deemed to be the later of (1) dismissal of all claims and defenses in this Action, with or without prejudice; and (2) final judgment herein after the completion and exhaustion of all appeals, rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this Action, including the time limits for filing any motions or applications for extension of time pursuant to applicable law.

5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL

5.1 Over-Designation Prohibited. Any party or non-party who designates information or items for protection under this Order as "CONFIDENTIAL or" "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY" (a "designator") must only designate specific material that qualifies under the appropriate standards. To the extent practicable, only those parts of documents, items, or oral or written communications that require protection shall be designated. Designations with a higher confidentiality level when a lower level would suffice are prohibited. Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Unjustified designations expose the designator to sanctions, including the Court's striking all confidentiality designations made by that designator. Designation under this Order is allowed only if the designation is necessary to protect material that, if disclosed to persons not authorized to view it, would cause competitive or other recognized harm. Material may not be designated if it has been made public, or if designation is otherwise unnecessary to protect a secrecy interest. If a designator learns that information or items that it designated for protection do not qualify for protection at all or do not qualify for the level of protection initially asserted, that designator must promptly notify all parties that it is withdrawing the mistaken designation.

5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Designation under this Order requires the designator to affix the applicable legend ("CONFIDENTIAL" or "HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY") to each page that contains protected material. For testimony given in deposition or other proceeding, the designator shall specify all protected testimony and the level of protection being asserted. It may make that designation during the deposition or proceeding or may make that designation up to 15 days from receipt of the transcript of the deposition or proceeding.

5.2.1 A party or non-party that makes original documents or materials available for inspection need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting party has identified which material it would like copied and produced. During the inspection and before the designation, all material shall be treated as HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY. After the inspecting party has identified the documents it wants copied and produced, the producing party must designate the documents, or portions thereof, that qualify for protection under this Order.

5.2.2 Parties shall give advance notice if they expect a deposition or other proceeding to include designated material so that the other parties can ensure that only authorized individuals are present at those parts of the deposition or proceeding when such material is disclosed or used. The use of a document as an exhibit at a deposition shall not in any way affect its designation. Transcripts containing designated material shall have a legend on the title page noting the presence of designated material, and the title page shall be followed by a list of all pages (including line numbers as appropriate) that have been designated, and the level of protection being asserted. The designator shall inform the court reporter of these requirements. Any transcript that is prepared before the expiration of the 15day period for designation shall be treated during that period as if it had been designated HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY unless otherwise agreed. After the expiration of the 15-day period, the transcript shall be treated only as actually designated.

5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. An inadvertent failure to designate does not, standing alone, waive protection under this Order. Upon timely assertion or correction of a designation, all recipients must make reasonable efforts to ensure that the material is treated according to this Order.

6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS

All challenges to confidentiality designations shall proceed under L.R. 37-1 through L.R. 37-4.

7. ACCESS TO DESIGNATED MATERIAL

7.1 Basic Principles. A receiving party may use designated material only for this litigation. Designated material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under the conditions described in this Order.

7.2 Disclosure of CONFIDENTIAL Material Without Further Approval. Unless otherwise ordered by the Court or permitted in writing by the designator, a receiving party may disclose any material designated CONFIDENTIAL only to:

7.2.1 The receiving party's outside counsel of record in this action and employees of outside counsel of record to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary;

7.2.2 The officers, directors, and employees of the receiving party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary, and who have signed the Agreement to Be Bound (Exhibit A);

7.2.3 Experts retained by the receiving party's outside counsel of record to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary, and who have signed the Agreement to Be Bound (Exhibit A);

7.2.4 The Court and its personnel;

7.2.5 Outside court reporters and their staff, professional jury or trial consultants, and professional vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary;

7.2.6 During their depositions, witnesses in the action to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary and who have signed the Agreement to Be Bound (Exhibit A); and

7.2.7 The author or recipient of a document containing the material, or a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information.

7.3 Disclosure of HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY Material without Further Approval. Unless permitted in writing by the designator, a receiving party may disclose material designated HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY without further approval only to:

7.3.1 The receiving party's outside counsel of record in this action and employees of outside counsel of record to whom it is reasonably necessary to disclose the information;

7.3.2 The Court and its personnel;

7.3.3 Outside court reporters and their staff, professional jury or trial consultants, and professional vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary,; and

7.3.4 The author or recipient of a document containing the material, or a custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information.

7.4 Procedures for Approving or Objecting to Disclosure of HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY Material to In-House Counsel or Experts. Unless agreed to in writing by the designator:

7.4.1 A party seeking to disclose to in-house counsel any material designated HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY must first make a written request to the designator providing the full name of the in-house counsel, the city and state of such counsel's residence, and such counsel's current and reasonably foreseeable future primary job duties and responsibilities in sufficient detail to determine present or potential involvement in any competitive decision-making.

7.4.2 A party seeking to disclose to an expert retained by outside counsel of record any information or item that has been designated HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY must first make a written request to the designator that (1) identifies the general categories of HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY information that the receiving party seeks permission to disclose to the expert, (2) sets forth the full name of the expert and the city and state of his or her primary residence, (3) attaches a copy of the expert's current resume, (4) identifies the expert's current employer(s), (5) identifies each person or entity from whom the expert has received compensation or funding for work in his or her areas of expertise (including in connection with litigation) in the past five years, and (6) identifies (by name and number of the case, filing date, and location of court) any litigation where the expert has offered expert testimony, including by declaration, report, or testimony at deposition or trial, in the past five years. If the expert believes any of this information at (4) — (6) is subject to a confidentiality obligation to a third party, then the expert should provide whatever information the expert believes can be disclosed without violating any confidentiality agreements, and the party seeking to disclose the information to the expert shall be available to meet and confer with the designator regarding any such confidentiality obligations.

7.4.3 A party that makes a request and provides the information specified in paragraphs 7.4.1 or 7.4.2 may disclose the designated material to the identified in- house counsel or expert unless, within seven days of delivering the request, the party receives a written objection from the designator providing detailed grounds for the objection.

7.4.4 All challenges to objections from the designator shall proceed under L.R. 37-1 through L.R. 37-4.

8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN OTHER LITIGATION

8.1 Subpoenas and Court Orders. This Order in no way excuses noncompliance with a lawful subpoena or court order. The purpose of the duties described in this section is to alert the interested parties to the existence of this Order and to give the designator an opportunity to protect its confidentiality interests in the court where the subpoena or order issued.

8.2 Notification Requirement. If a party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this action as CONFIDENTIAL or HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY that party must:

8.2.1 Promptly notify the designator in writing. Such notification shall include a copy of the subpoena or court order;

8.2.2 Promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or order is subject to this Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this Order; and

8.2.3 Cooperate with all reasonable procedures sought by the designator whose material may be affected.

8.3 Wait For Resolution of Protective Order. If the designator timely seeks a protective order, the party served with the subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as CONFIDENTIAL or HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY before a determination by the court where the subpoena or order issued, unless the party has obtained the designator's permission. The designator shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection of its confidential material in that court.

9. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF DESIGNATED MATERIAL

If a receiving party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed designated material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this Order, it must immediately (1) notify in writing the designator of the unauthorized disclosures, (2) use its best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the designated material, (3) inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this Order, and (4) use reasonable efforts to have such person or persons execute the Agreement to Be Bound (Exhibit A).

10. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED MATERIAL

When a producing party gives notice that certain inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, the obligations of the receiving parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5) (B). This provision is not intended to modify whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production without prior privilege review pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and (e).

11. PRODUCTION OF THIRD PARTY MATERIAL

Any third party from whom discovery is sought in the action may designate some or all of the material or deposition testimony as CONFIDENTIAL or HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY under this Protective Order. If it does so, then each party to the action will have with respect to such CONFIDENTIAL OR HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY Material the same obligations which that party has with respect to CONFIDENTIAL and HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL — ATTORNEY EYES ONLY Material of another party to the action.

12. FILING UNDER SEAL

Without written permission from the designator or a Court Order, a party may not file in the public record in this action any designated material. A party seeking to file under seal any designated material must comply with L.R. 79-5. Filings may be made under seal only pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific material at issue. The fact that a document has been designated under this Order is insufficient to justify filing under seal. Instead, parties must explain the basis for confidentiality of each document sought to be filed under seal. Because a party other than the designator will often be seeking to file designated material, cooperation between the parties in preparing, and in reducing the number and extent of, requests for under seal filing is essential. If a receiving party's request to file designated material under seal pursuant to L.R. 79-5 is denied by the Court, then the receiving party may file the material in the public record unless (1) the designator seeks reconsideration within four days of the denial, or (2) as otherwise instructed by the Court.

13. FINAL DISPOSITION

Within 60 days after the final disposition of this action, including all appeals, each party, at its option, shall return all designated material to the designator or destroy such material, including all copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any designated material. This provision shall not prevent counsel from retaining an archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain designated material. Any such archival copies remain subject to this Order.

Any violation of this Order may be punished by any and all appropriate measures including, without limitation, contempt proceedings and/or monetary sanctions.

IT IS SO STIPULATED, THROUGH COUNSEL OF RECORD.

FOR GOOD CAUSE SHOWN, IT IS SO ORDERED.

EXHIBIT A

ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND

I, __________________ [print or type full name], of ___________________ ____________________________ [print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury that I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that was issued by the United States District Court for the Central District of California on [date] in the case of _____ [insert formal name of the case and the number and initials assigned to it by the court]. I agree to comply with and to be bound by all the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order and I understand and acknowledge that failure to so comply could expose me to sanctions and punishment in the nature of contempt. I solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any manner any information or item that is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any person or entity except in strict compliance with the provisions of this Order. I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the Central District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms of this Stipulated Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur after termination of this action. I hereby appoint ________________________ [print or type full name] of ______________________ [print or type full address and telephone number] as my California agent for service of process in connection with this action or any proceedings related to enforcement of this Stipulated Protective Order.