Elawyers Elawyers
Washington| Change

Los Angeles Waterkeeper v. Republic Services, Inc., CV14-00937-DDP (PLAx). (2014)

Court: District Court, C.D. California Number: infdco20141015e26 Visitors: 7
Filed: Oct. 10, 2014
Latest Update: Oct. 10, 2014
Summary: ORDER RE: CONSENT DECREE AND JUDGMENT DEAN D. PREGERSON, District Judge. CONSENT DECREE The following Consent Decree is entered into by and between Plaintiff Los Angeles Waterkeeper ("Plaintiff" or "Waterkeeper") and Defendants Republic Services, Inc. and Consolidated Disposal Service, LLC (collectively "Republic" or "Defendants"). The entities entering into this Consent Decree are each an individual "Settling Party" and collectively the "Settling Parties." WHEREAS, Waterkeeper is a 501(c)
More

ORDER RE: CONSENT DECREE AND JUDGMENT

DEAN D. PREGERSON, District Judge.

CONSENT DECREE

The following Consent Decree is entered into by and between Plaintiff Los Angeles Waterkeeper ("Plaintiff" or "Waterkeeper") and Defendants Republic Services, Inc. and Consolidated Disposal Service, LLC (collectively "Republic" or "Defendants"). The entities entering into this Consent Decree are each an individual "Settling Party" and collectively the "Settling Parties."

WHEREAS, Waterkeeper is a 501(c)(3) non-profit public benefit corporation organized under the laws of the State of California, with its main office in Santa Monica, California;

WHEREAS, Waterkeeper is dedicated to the preservation, protection, and defense of the rivers, creeks, and coastal waters of Los Angeles County from all sources of pollution and degradation;

WHEREAS, Consolidated Disposal Service, LLC is the owner and/or operator of a waste processing and transfer facility located at 2495 East 68th Street, Long Beach, California 90805, hereinafter referred to by the Settling Parties as the "Bel Art Facility";

WHEREAS, Consolidated Disposal Service, LLC, is the owner and/or operator of a fleet and bin maintenance facility located at 2531 East 67th Street, Long Beach, California 90805, hereinafter referred to by the Settling Parties as the "Consolidated Facility";

WHEREAS, the Bel Art Facility and the Consolidated Facility are located across from each other along East 68th Street;

WHEREAS, Consolidated Disposal Service, LLC is a subsidiary of Republic Services, Inc.;

WHEREAS, Waterkeeper has approximately 3,000 members who live and/or recreate in and around the Los Angeles River watershed and Los Angeles area waterbodies receiving discharges from the Bel Art Facility, including the Los Angeles River, Los Angeles River Estuary, Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor, San Pedro Bay, Long Beach City Beach, and the Pacific Ocean;

WHEREAS, discharges from the Bel Art Facility are regulated by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System ("NPDES") General Permit No. CAS000001 [State Water Resources Control Board] Water Quality Order No. 92-12-DWQ, as amended by Order No. 97-03-DWQ ("Storm Water Permit") and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251 et seq. ("Clean Water Act" or "CWA");

WHEREAS, on December 4, 2013, Waterkeeper sent Defendants, the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), EPA Region IX, the State Water Resources Control Board ("State Board"), and the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board ("Regional Board") a notice of intent to file suit ("Notice Letter") under Sections 505(a) and (b) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1365(a) and (b). The Notice Letter alleged violations of Section 301(a) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1311(a), and violations of the Storm Water Permit at the Bel Art Facility;

WHEREAS, on February 6, 2014, Waterkeeper filed a complaint against Defendants in the United States District Court, Central District of California (Case No. CV14-937-DDP (PLAx)), alleging violations of Section 301(a) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1311(a), and violations of the Storm Water Permit at the Bel Art Facility ("Complaint");

WHEREAS, Waterkeeper alleges Defendants to be in violation of the substantive and procedural requirements of the Storm Water Permit and the Clean Water Act with respect to the Bel Art Facility;

WHEREAS, Defendants deny all allegations in the Notice Letter and Complaint relating to the Bel Art Facility;

WHEREAS, Waterkeeper and Defendants have agreed that it is in the Settling Parties' mutual interest to enter into a Consent Decree setting forth terms and conditions appropriate to resolving the allegations set forth in the Complaint without further proceedings;

WHEREAS, all actions taken by Defendants pursuant to this Consent Decree shall be made in compliance with all applicable federal and state laws and local rules and regulations.

NOW THEREFORE IT IS HEREBY STIPULATED BETWEEN THE SETTLING PARTIES AND ORDERED AND DECREED BY THE COURT AS FOLLOWS:

1. The Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of this action pursuant to Section 505(a) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1365(a);

2. Venue is appropriate in the Central District of California pursuant to Section 505(c)(1) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1365(c)(1), because the Bel Art Facility is located within this District;

3. The Complaint states claims upon which relief may be granted pursuant to Section 505(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1365(a)(1);

4. Plaintiff has standing to bring this action;

5. The Court shall retain jurisdiction over this matter for purposes of enforcing the terms of this Consent Decree for the life of the Consent Decree, or as long thereafter as is necessary for the Court to resolve any motion to enforce this Consent Decree.

I. OBJECTIVES

6. It is the express purpose of the Settling Parties entering into this Consent Decree to further the objectives set forth in the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251, et seq., and to resolve those issues alleged by Waterkeeper in its Complaint. In light of these objectives and as set forth fully below, Defendants agree to comply with the provisions of this Consent Decree and to comply with the requirements of the Storm Water Permit and all applicable provisions of the Clean Water Act. Specifically, Receiving Water Limitation C(2) in the Storm Water Permit requires that discharges from the Bel Art Facility "not cause or contribute to an exceedance of any applicable water quality standards contained in a Statewide Water Quality Control Plan or the applicable Regional Board's Basin Plan." Effluent Limitation B(3) of the Storm Water Permit requires that Best Management Practices ("BMPs") at the Bel Art Facility be developed and implemented to achieve Best Available Technology Economically Achievable ("BAT") for toxic and non-conventional pollutants and Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology ("BCT") for conventional pollutants (collectively "BAT/BCT"). Defendants shall develop and implement BMPs necessary to comply with the Storm Water Permit requirement to achieve compliance with BAT/BCT standards and with the applicable water quality standards. BMPs must be developed and implemented to prevent discharges and/or to reduce contamination in storm water from the Bel Art Facility in compliance with this Consent Decree.

II. AGENCY REVIEW AND TERM OF CONSENT DECREE

7. Plaintiff shall submit this Consent Decree to the United States Department of Justice and the EPA (collectively "Federal Agencies") within three (3) days of the final signature of the Settling Parties for agency review consistent with 40 C.F.R. § 135.5. The agency review period expires forty-five (45) days after receipt by both agencies, as evidenced by written acknowledgement of receipt by the agencies or the certified return receipts, copies of which shall be provided to Defendants if requested. In the event that the Federal Agencies object to entry of this Consent Decree, the Settling Parties agree to meet and confer to attempt to resolve the issue(s) raised by the Federal Agencies within a reasonable amount of time. If the parties are unable to reach agreement to modify this Consent Decree so as to resolve the issues raised by the Federal Agencies, and this Consent Decree as so modified is not approved by the Federal Agencies, this Consent Decree shall be of no force and effect. Furthermore, if this Consent Decree is not approved by the Court, this Consent Decree shall be of no further force and effect.

8. The term "Effective Date" as used in this Consent Decree shall mean the day this Consent Decree is signed and entered by a United States District Court Judge.

9. This Consent Decree shall terminate as to the Bel Art Facility on June 30, 2017 (the "Termination Date"), unless there is an ongoing, unresolved dispute regarding Defendants' compliance with this Consent Decree. In the absence of such an ongoing, unresolved dispute, this Consent Decree shall terminate on the Termination Date. Should there be such a dispute, Waterkeeper shall file a Notice of Dispute with the Court prior to the Termination Date, which shall identify the issue in dispute. The filing of such Notice of Dispute by Waterkeeper shall extend the Termination Date until the Court determines the dispute has been resolved and thereupon dismisses the case or, alternatively, if the Settling Parties file a stipulation for dismissal.

10. Waterkeeper may conduct an inspection of the Bel Art Facility forty-five (45) days prior to the Termination Date or, at Waterkeeper's option, following the filing of the Notice of Dispute. Defendants shall work with Waterkeeper to promptly schedule and accommodate the inspection, if requested. The inspection shall be conducted according to the rules applicable to annual site inspections in paragraph 57-60 below.

III. COMMITMENTS OF THE SETTLING PARTIES

A. Definitions

11. For purposes of this Consent Decree, "Cattle Grid" means a grid composed of parallel metal bars that is set at ground level in an exit way with a concrete collection basin beneath it, and is similar to the grids used to prevent cattle from crossing a roadway while allowing the passage of vehicles.

12. For purposes of this Consent Decree, the "Consolidated Facility Consent Decree" means the Consent Decree entered in Los Angeles Waterkeeper v. Republic Services, Inc. et al., Civil Case No. 2:14-cv-928-DDP (PLAx). The Consolidated Facility Consent Decree is attached hereto as Exhibit E.

13. For purposes of this Consent Decree, "Filtrexx EnviroSoxx" means the Filtrexx® EnviroSoxx® sediment control devices sold by Filtrexx Land Improvement Systems, See http://www.filtrexx.com/envirosoxx/.

14. For purposes of this Consent Decree, "Grattix box(es)" means the "Grattix Rain Garden in a Box" developed by Port of Vancouver USA. See http://www.portvanusa.com/assets/Grattix-how-to-flyer.pdf.

15. For purposes of this Consent Decree, "Speed Bump Berms" means impervious berms composed of a low-raised ridge that are similar in shape to the speed bumps used in roads to reduce vehicles' speed.

B. Non-storm Water

16. To ensure there are no unauthorized non-stormwater discharges, any non-storm water discharges from the Bel Art Facility not authorized by the Storm Water Permit or other NPDES permit shall be considered a breach of this Consent Decree.

C. Storm Water Pollution Reduction Measures

17. In the event that the City of Long Beach approves the use of infiltration at the Consolidated Facility:

a. The storm water pollution control measures required by this Consent Decree shall be designed and operated to manage, through infiltration, 1.81 inches of rain falling in a 24-hour period ("95% Design Storm"). The Settling Parties agree that this number represents the storm water from all storm events with total precipitation that is less than or equal to ninety-five (95) percent of all 24-hour storms, based on 1984-2014 historical rainfall measured at the Imperial Yard rain gauge. The structural storm water pollution control measures agreed to under this Consent Decree shall be in place and operable throughout the entire year.

b. All BMPs listed in this section shall ensure that no storm water shall be discharged from the Bel Art Facility, the boundaries of which are outlined on the Bel Art Facility Site Map attached hereto as Exhibit A, up to the 95% Design Storm.

a. Curbing

18. In the event that the City of Long Beach approves the use of infiltration at the Consolidated Facility:

a. Defendants shall confirm that the construction of curbing across the end of 68th Street to route the Bel Art Facility storm water flows to the Consolidated Facility for infiltration will be acceptable to local governmental agencies, including but not limited to the City of Long Beach, within thirty (30) days of the Effective Date.

b. Defendants shall install curbing across the end of 68th Street to route the Bel Art Facility storm water flows to the infiltration basin that shall be installed in the southwest corner of the Consolidated Facility, pursuant to the Consent Decree for the Consolidated Facility attached hereto as Exhibit E, by September 30, 2014. The curbing is described further in Exhibit B.

19. In the event that infiltration at the Consolidated Facility is not approved by the City of Long Beach, one of the following treatment alternatives will be implemented at the Bel Art Facility: (1) the use of an underdrain system beneath the underground infiltration chambers to convey treated stormwater to the nearest municipal storm drain system; or (2) an above-ground advanced filtration system to treat the stormwater generated onsite prior to discharge off the property. Any such alternative treatment system shall be subject to the reasonable approval of Waterkeeper.

20. Defendants shall install curbing along the west side of the Bel Art Facility adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way to prevent uncontrolled runoff of storm water to the right-of-way by September 30, 2014. The curbing is described further in Exhibit B.

b. Storm Water Pretreatment

21. Defendants shall install Grattix boxes as described in Exhibit B at the locations shown in Exhibit A by August 30, 2014. The Grattix boxes shall contain a metals removal agent and shall be directed to an infiltration basin(s).

22. By September 30, 2014, Defendants shall place Filtrexx Envirosoxx for Oil and Hydrocarbon Removal upgradient and proximate to the inlets to the curbing described in paragraphs 18.a and 18.b.

c. Canopies and Berms

23. Defendants shall install Speed Bump Berms as described in Exhibit B at the locations shown in Exhibit A by August 30, 2014.

24. Defendants shall install canopies at the locations shown on Exhibit A by September 30, 2014. All such canopies shall be coated metal or equipped with gutters to collect and direct all canopy run-off to downspouts that terminate in Grattix boxes. The canopies shall provide sufficient cover to eliminate all storm water contact with the fueling area. The design standards for these Grattix boxes are described in Exhibit B.

25. Defendants shall install asphalt berm curbing as described in Exhibit B at the locations labeled "Proposed Asphalt Berm" in Exhibit A by August 30, 2014.

26. All water collected from the areas that are covered or surrounded by Speed Bump Berms shall be collected and disposed of properly. This water shall not be infiltrated at the Consolidated Facility.

d. Track-Off Control System

27. Defendants shall install Cattle Grids for track-off control, as described in Exhibit B, at the locations shown in Exhibit A by August 30, 2014.

e. Litter Control

28. Defendants shall adopt a Litter Control Log to document trash control activities at the Bel Art Facility within thirty (30) days of the Effective Date. The Litter Control Log shall be part of any and all revised Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans ("SWPPP") for the Bel Art Facility. A blank template for the Litter Control Log is attached hereto as Exhibit C.

29. Defendants shall designate a person responsible for litter control within thirty (30) days of the Effective Date. Beginning on September 1, 2014, this person shall inspect and pick up litter around the perimeter of the Bel Art Facility daily and record these activities in the Litter Control Log. The person shall also collect litter outside of the Bel Art Facility fence line along the Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way where it is accessible. The areas outside of this fence line that are accessible are indicated on the Bel Art Facility Site Map, which is attached hereto as Exhibit A.

30. Defendant shall install wind breaks/screens in front of the inaccessible areas outside of the fence line, where not already installed, by August 30, 2014, to limit movement of trash from the Bel Art Facility to off-site areas.

f. Tarping

31. Defendants shall develop a procedure for covering bins that contain recyclable materials at the Bel Art Facility by attaching tarps to ensure that the materials are not exposed to storm water by August 30, 2014.

32. Defendants shall train all employees involved in the tarping procedure developed pursuant to paragraph 31 by August 30, 2014. The training shall cover the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the Application and Monitoring of Tarps and the Tarp Application & Inspection Log that are attached hereto as Exhibit D.

D. Sampling at the Bel Art Facility

33. Defendants shall install a recording rain gauge capable of recording rainfall to 0.01 inches at the Bel Art Facility within thirty (30) days of the Effective Date. Defendants shall maintain the recording rain gauge in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations, maintain records of all maintenance, maintain records of rain data, and provide such rain gauge data to Waterkeeper at the end of each calendar quarter during the Wet Season (October 1-May 30) for the term of this Consent Decree.

34. In addition to the reporting requirements of paragraph 33, Defendants shall provide the rain gauge data records described in paragraph 33 to Waterkeeper within ten (10) days of any written request by Waterkeeper.

a. Collecting Storm Water Samples

35. If the use of infiltration at the Consolidated Facility is approved by the City of Long Beach, the following storm water monitoring procedures shall be implemented at the Bel Art Facility:

a. By August 30, 2014, Defendants shall develop a plan for monitoring all storm water discharges from the Bel Art Facility whether or not the 95% Design Storm is exceeded.

b. During the life of this Consent Decree, Defendants shall collect samples of any storm water discharge from industrial areas at the Bel Art Facility. For purposes of this Consent Decree, this includes any storm water discharge occurring during the Bel Art Facility's operating hours1 or, for storm water stored onsite prior to discharge, whenever storm water is released, whether during operating hours or not. If the storm water discharges are being routed to the infiltration basins at the Consolidated Facility by the curbing installed pursuant to paragraphs 18.a and 18.b, these discharges shall be sampled prior to entering the infiltration basins, pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 32.d of the Consolidated Facility Consent Decree, attached hereto as Exhibit E.

c. All samples collected pursuant to paragraph 35.b shall be analyzed for the following parameters: total suspended solids, copper, lead, zinc, oil and grease, aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, iron, mercury, nickel, biochemical oxygen demand, silver, chemical oxygen demand, selenium, ammonia, cyanide, magnesium, pH, and fecal coliform.

36. If the use of infiltration at the Consolidated Facility is not approved by the City of Long Beach, the following storm water monitoring procedures shall be implemented at the Bel Art Facility:

a. By August 30, 2014, Defendants shall develop a plan for monitoring all storm water and non-storm water discharges from the Bel Art Facility.

b. Defendants shall collect samples of storm water discharges from the Bel Art Facility during three storm events that are 0.1 inches of precipitation or greater during each Wet Season for the duration of this Consent Decree. Samples shall be collected during the first hour of discharge. Defendants shall analyze all samples collected pursuant to this paragraph for the constituents identified in Table 1 below.

c. Defendants shall not be required to analyze storm water samples for a parameter listed in Table 1 if the concentrations of the parameter do not exceed the EPA Benchmark2 or applicable water quality standards3 for the analyte, as set forth in Table 1 below, in at least four (4) consecutive storm water samples. Defendants shall contact Plaintiffs before discontinuing analysis for any required parameter by providing a written explanation for their decision and all relevant laboratory reports.

b. Sampling Analysis and Reporting

37. Defendants shall use a state certified laboratory to conduct all analysis pursuant to this Consent Decree. Defendants shall select analytical limits such that, at a minimum, the method detection limits are below EPA Benchmark Levels and applicable water quality standards for storm water.

38. Defendants shall request that results of all sample analyses required by this Consent Decree be reported to them within fifteen (15) days of laboratory receipt of the sample.

39. Defendants shall request that results of all sample analyses required by this Consent Decree for metals be reported as total concentration levels.

40. Defendants shall provide the complete laboratory results of all samples collected at the Bel Art Facility to Waterkeeper within fifteen (15) days of receiving the results.

41. Defendants shall submit a written report to Waterkeeper no later than June 15 at the end of each Wet Season that contains all rain gauge data for the Wet Season, all storm water samples collected at the Bel Art Facility, all analytical results from storm water samples collected at the Bel Art Facility, and an explanation of any failure to collect and analyze a storm water discharge as required by this Consent Decree or the Storm Water Permit.

42. Any failure to sample pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 35.b or 36.b of this Consent Decree shall be documented and explained to Waterkeeper by email within five (5) days of the date a sample could have been collected during operating hours but was not.

E. Numeric Limits and Action Plans for Exceedances

43. In the event that the use of infiltration at the Consolidated Facility is approved by the City of Long Beach:

a. If influent sampling conducted pursuant to paragraph 32.d of the Consolidated Facility Consent Decree shows that any contaminant specified in Table 1 of the Consolidated Facility Consent Decree exceeds the Influent Numeric Limits and an Influent Action Plan is required pursuant to paragraph 40.b of the Consolidated Facility Consent Decree, a separate Influent Action Plan shall also be required for the Bel Art Facility ("Bel Art Influent Action Plan"). The Bel Art Influent Action Plan shall be specific to the Bel Art Facility. The Bel Art Influent Action Plan shall be submitted to Waterkeeper within thirty (30) days of Defendants' receipt of sampling data showing exceedances of Table 1 Influent Numeric Limits. See Exhibit E (Consent Decree for Consolidated Facility), paragraph 40.a and 40.b.

b. Bel Art Influent Action Plan Requirements. Each Bel Art Influent Action Plan submitted shall include at a minimum: (1) the identification of the contaminant(s) discharged in excess of the Influent Numeric Limit(s), (2) an assessment of the source of each contaminant exceedance, (3) the identification of additional BMPs, including treating storm water, that shall be implemented to achieve compliance with the Influent Numeric Limit(s) in paragraph 40.a of the Consolidated Facility Consent Decree (see Exhibit E, attached hereto), as well as the design plans and calculations of these additional BMPs,4 and (4) time schedules for implementation of the proposed BMPs. The time schedule(s) for implementation shall ensure that all BMPs are implemented as soon as possible, but in no case later than September 30 (prior to the next Wet Season).

c. Bel Art Influent Action Plan Review. Waterkeeper shall have forty-five (45) days upon receipt of Defendants' Bel Art Influent Action Plan to provide Defendants with comments. Within fourteen (14) days from the date Waterkeeper comments on Defendants' Bel Art Influent Action Plan, Defendants shall provide Waterkeeper with a written explanation if Defendants refuse to integrate any of Waterkeeper's comments into the Bel Art Influent Action Plan. Any disputes as to the adequacy of the Bel Art Influent Action Plan shall be resolved pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions of this Consent Decree, set out in Section IV below.

d. Defendants shall have until September 30 (following the Wet Season in which the exceedances giving rise to the obligation to submit a Bel Art Influent Action Plan occurred) to implement the Bel Art Influent Action Plan. Defendants shall notify Waterkeeper in writing when the Bel Art Influent Action Plan has been implemented.

e. Defendants shall diligently file and pursue all required local agency applications for permits and/or approvals for the BMPs included in any Bel Art Influent Action Plan. Defendants shall further diligently pursue the procurement of contractors, labor, and materials to complete all such BMPs by the September 30 deadline described in paragraph 43.d above, and shall use their best efforts to meet these deadlines. Defendants' unexcused failure to meet this deadline shall be considered a breach of the Consent Decree.

44. In the event that the use of infiltration at the Consolidated Facility is not approved by the City of Long Beach, contaminants in any storm water discharges from the Bel Art Facility, including discharges of stored water, shall not exceed the limits ("Surface Water Numeric Limits") in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Surface Water Numeric Limits Contaminant Numeric Limit5 Total Suspended Solids 100 mg/L Dissolved Copper 0.013 mg/L* Dissolved Lead 0.065 mg/L* Dissolved Zinc 0.120 mg/L* Oil and Grease 15 mg/L Total Recoverable Aluminum 0.75 mg/L Dissolved Arsenic 0.340 mg/L* Dissolved Cadmium 0.0043 mg/L* Total Recoverable Iron 1.00 mg/L Total Recoverable Mercury 0.0014 mg/L Dissolved Nickel 0.470 mg/L* Dissolved Silver 0.0034 mg/L* Chemical Oxygen Demand 120 mg/L Ph 6.5-8.5 pH units E. Coli 235 CFU per 100 mL Dissolved Chromium (III) 0.550 mg/L* Dissolved Chromium (VI) 0.016 mg/L*

45. Surface Water Action Plan for Table 1 Exceedances. Defendants shall submit to Waterkeeper a plan for reducing and/or eliminating the discharge of pollutants ("Surface Water Action Plan") if any sampling by Waterkeeper or Defendants demonstrates that any contaminant in any discharge from the Bel Art Facility exceeds the applicable Surface Water Numeric Limit in Table 1. The Surface Water Action Plan shall be submitted within forty-five (45) days of receiving the monitoring data showing exceedances of Table 1 limits at the Bel Art Facility. Any subsequent sample demonstrating exceedances of Table 1 Surface Water Numeric Limits for the same constituent at the same discharge location within sixty (60) days of the sample triggering the obligation to submit a Surface Water Action Plan shall not require Defendants to prepare an additional Surface Water Action Plan based solely on that exceedances. However, any such exceedance shall be addressed by the Surface Water Action Plan in preparation at that time.

a. Surface Water Action Plan Requirements. Each Surface Water Action Plan submitted shall include at a minimum: (1) the identification of the contaminant(s) discharged in excess of the Surface Water Numeric Limit(s), (2) an assessment of the source of each contaminant exceedance, (3) the identification of additional BMPs, including treating storm water, that shall be implemented to achieve compliance with the Surface Water Numeric Limit(s), as well as the design plans and calculations of these additional BMPs, and (4) time schedules for implementation of the proposed BMPs. The time schedule(s) for implementation shall ensure that all BMPs are implemented as soon as possible, but in no case later than August 30 (prior to the next Wet Season).

b. Surface Water Action Plan Review. Waterkeeper shall have thirty (30) days upon receipt of Defendants' Surface Water Action Plan to provide Defendants with comments. Within fourteen (14) days from the date Waterkeeper comments on Defendants' Surface Water Action Plan, Defendants shall provide Waterkeeper with a written explanation if Defendants refuse to integrate any of Waterkeeper's comments into the Surface Water Action Plan. Any disputes as to the adequacy of the Surface Water Action Plan shall be resolved pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions of this Consent Decree, set out in Section IV below.

c. Defendants shall have until September 30 (following the Wet Season in which the exceedances giving rise to the obligation to submit a Surface Water Action Plan occurred) to implement the Surface Water Action Plan. Defendants shall notify Waterkeeper in writing when the Surface Water Action Plan has been implemented.

d. Defendants shall diligently file and pursue all required local agency applications for permits and/or approvals for the BMPs included in any Surface Water Action Plan. Defendants shall further diligently pursue the procurement of contractors, labor, and materials to complete all such BMPs by the Septemeber 30 deadline described in paragraph 43.d above, and shall use their best efforts to meet these deadlines. Defendants' unexcused failure to meet this deadline shall be considered a breach of the Consent Decree.

F. Visual Observations

46. During the life of this Consent Decree, Defendants shall conduct visual observations during normal scheduled facility operating hours during every rain event that produces a discharge at all discharge points at the Bel Art Facility.

47. Defendants shall record any pollutants, odors, discolorations, or other pollutant indicators observed during these visual observations and compare the results of these observations to the sampling analyses conducted at the same locations. Visual observation records shall be included in the report submitted to Waterkeeper pursuant to paragraph 41.

G. Monitoring and Reporting Program Revisions

48. By August 30, 2014, or forty-five (45) days after the Effective Date, whichever is earlier, Defendants shall revise their Monitoring and Reporting Program ("M&RP") for the Bel Art Facility to incorporate all sampling, analysis, observation, and reporting requirements of this Consent Decree and the Storm Water Permit.

49. Defendants shall submit the revised M&RP for the Bel Art Facility to Waterkeeper for review and comment. Waterkeeper shall provide comments, if any, to the Defendants within thirty (30) days of receipt of the M&RP. Defendants shall incorporate Waterkeeper's comments into the M&RP, or shall justify in writing why any comment is not incorporated within fifteen (15) days of receiving comments. Any disputes over the adequacy of the revised M&RP shall be resolved pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions of this Consent Decree, set out in Section IV below. Nothing in this paragraph allowing Waterkeeper to review and approve Defendant's M&RP is intended to allow Waterkeeper to seek to modify Defendants' obligations to implement and maintain the BMPS described in this Consent Decree or to require Defendant to implement and maintain additional BMPS that have not been negotiated and included in this Consent Decree, or to otherwise modify the terms and conditions of this Consent Decree.

H. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Revisions

50. By August 30, 2014, or forty-five (45) days after the Effective Date, whichever is earlier, Defendants shall revise the SWPPP for the Bel Art Facility to include all BMPs required by the Consent Decree and comply with all provisions of Section A of the Storm Water Permit.

51. Defendants shall submit the revised SWPPP to Waterkeeper for review and comment. Waterkeeper shall provide comments, if any, to Defendants within sixty (60) days of receipt of the SWPPP. Defendants shall incorporate Waterkeeper's comments into the SWPPP, or shall justify in writing why any comment is not incorporated within fifteen (15) days of receiving comments. Any disputes as to the adequacy of the revised SWPPP shall be resolved pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions of this Consent Decree, set out in Section IV below. Nothing in this paragraph allowing Waterkeeper to review and approve Defendant's SWPPP is intended to allow Waterkeeper to seek to modify Defendants' obligations to implement and maintain the BMPS described in this Consent Decree or to require Defendant to implement and maintain additional BMPS that have not been negotiated and included in this Consent Decree, or to otherwise modify the terms and conditions of this Consent Decree.

52. Additional SWPPP Revisions. Defendants shall revise the SWPPP for the Bel Art Facility if there are any changes in the Bel Art Facility's operations, including, but not limited to, changes to storm water discharge point(s) or revisions and/or additions to the BMPs implemented pursuant to a Bel Art Influent Action Plan or Surface Water Action Plan.

53. Defendants shall submit any revised SWPPP to Waterkeeper for review and comment within ten (10) days of the SWPPP revision. Waterkeeper will provide comments, if any, to the Defendants within thirty (30) days of receipt of any revised SWPPP. Defendants shall incorporate Waterkeeper's comments into any revised SWPPP, or shall justify in writing why any comment is not incorporated within thirty (30) days of receiving comments. Any disputes as to the adequacy of the revised SWPPP shall be resolved pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions of this Consent Decree, set out in Section IV below.

I. Employee Training

54. Within thirty (30) days of the Effective Date of this Consent Decree, Defendants shall develop and implement a training program, including any training materials needed for effective implementation of the training program, to ensure: (i) that there are a sufficient number of employees delegated to achieve compliance with the Storm Water Permit and this Consent Decree, and (ii) that these employees are properly trained to perform the required activities to achieve compliance with the Storm Water Permit and this Consent Decree ("Training Program"). At a minimum the Training Program shall include at least the following:

a. Language. Defendant shall conduct the Training Program in the language or languages in which all employees participating in the Training Program are fluent.

b. Non-Stormwater Discharges. Defendant shall train all designated employees on the Storm Water Permit's prohibition of non-storm water discharges, so that employees know what non-storm water discharges are, that non-storm water discharges can result from improper surface washing or dust control methods, and how to detect and prevent non-storm water discharges to ensure compliance with paragraph 16 above.

c. BMPs. Defendant shall train all designated employees on BMP implementation and maintenance to ensure that BMPs are implemented effectively to prevent the exposure of pollutants to storm water, to prevent the discharge of contaminated storm water, and to ensure the proper treatment of storm water at the Bel Art Facility.

d. Storm Water Sampling. Defendant shall designate an adequate number of employees necessary to collect storm water samples from each discharge location as required by this Consent Decree. The training shall include the proper sampling protocols, including chain of custody requirements, to ensure storm water samples are properly collected, stored, and submitted to a certified laboratory.

e. Visual Observation Training. Defendant shall provide training to all designated employees at the Bel Art Facility regarding visual observations pursuant to this Consent Decree and the Storm Water Permit.

55. Training shall be provided by a private consultant or a representative of Defendant who is familiar with the requirements of this Consent Decree and the Storm Water Permit. The training shall be repeated annually, or as necessary to ensure that all such employees are familiar with the requirements of this Consent Decree, the Storm Water Permit, and the Bel Art Facility's SWPPP. All new designated staff shall receive this training before assuming responsibilities for implementing the Bel Art Facility's SWPPP or M&RP.

56. Defendant shall maintain training records to document compliance with this section, and shall provide Waterkeeper with a copy of these records within fourteen (14) days of receipt of a written request.

J. Compliance Monitoring and Reporting

57. Waterkeeper Site Inspections. Every year during the life of this Consent Decree, up to three (3) Waterkeeper representatives and/or consultants (including an attorney) may conduct one (1) Wet Season site inspection and one (1) Dry Season (June 1-September 30) site inspection of the Bel Art Facility. The site inspections shall occur during normal business hours. Waterkeeper shall provide Defendants with forty-eight (48) hours notice (weekends and holidays excluded) prior to each Wet Season site inspection, and forty-eight (48) hours notice (weekends and holidays excluded) prior to each Dry Season site inspection. Notice shall be provided by telephone and electronic mail, and shall state the names of all persons that Waterkeeper will bring to the inspection.

58. During the site inspections, Waterkeeper and/or its representatives shall be allowed access to the Bel Art Facility's SWPPP(s), M&RP, and all other monitoring records, reports, and sampling data for the Bel Art Facility.

59. During the site inspections, Waterkeeper and/or its representatives may collect storm water samples at the Bel Art Facility.

60. During the site inspections, Waterkeeper may take photographs or video recording of the Bel Art Facility. If Waterkeeper takes any photographs and/or video recording, Waterkeeper shall provide Defendants with the photographs and/or video within fourteen (14) days after any written request by Defendants for such photographs and/or videos.

61. Compliance Monitoring and Oversight. Defendants shall pay a total of Two Thousand Nine Hundred Dollars ($2900) to compensate Waterkeeper for costs and fees to be incurred for monitoring Defendant's compliance with this Consent Decree. Payment shall be made within five (5) days of the Effective Date payable to "Los Angeles Waterkeeper" and delivered via wire transfer to: Los Angeles Waterkeeper, 120 Broadway, Suite 105, Santa Monica, CA 90401. Upon request, Waterkeeper shall provide Defendants with documentation of the fees and costs incurred in connection with compliance monitoring and oversight activities.

62. Action Plan Payments. Defendants shall pay Three Thousand Five Dollars ($3,500) time a Bel Art Influent Action Plan or Surface Water Action Plan is submitted to Waterkeeper, except that where the Action Plan proposes the treatment of storm water using a biological or mechanical treatment process (as opposed to, for example, the installation of additional roofing, or the use of additional Filtrexx Envirosoxx or Grattix boxes), then the payment shall be Six Thousand Dollars ($6,000). Payments shall be submitted simultaneously with the submittal of the Bel Art Influent Action Plan or Surface Water Action Plan. Payments shall be made payable to "Los Angeles Waterkeeper" and addressed to: Los Angeles Waterkeeper, 120 Broadway, Suite 105, Santa Monica, CA 90401. Failure to submit a payment as required under this paragraph will constitute a breach of the Consent Decree.

63. Data Reporting. During the life of this Consent Decree, Defendants shall provide Waterkeeper with a copy of all Consent Decree and Storm Water Permit compliance and monitoring data, including inspection reports, related to the Bel Art Facility's coverage under the Storm Water Permit on an annual basis.

64. Document Provision. During the life of this Consent Decree, Defendants shall copy Waterkeeper on all documents related to storm water quality at the Bel Art Facility that are submitted to the Regional Board, the State Board, and/or any state or local agency, county, or municipality. Such reports and documents shall be provided to Waterkeeper on the date they are sent to the agencies, counties, and/or municipalities. Any correspondence related to Defendants' compliance with the Storm Water Permit or storm water quality received by Defendants from any regulatory agency, state or local agency, county, or municipality shall be provided to Waterkeeper within ten (10) days of receipt by Defendants.

K. Environmental Project, Reimbursement of Litigation Fees and Costs, and Stipulated Payments

65. Environmental Project. To remediate the alleged environmental harms resulting from non-compliance with the Storm Water Permit alleged in the Complaint, Defendants agrees to make a payment of Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000) to the Rose Foundation to fund environmental project activities that will reduce or mitigate the impacts of storm water pollution from industrial activities on the Southern California Bight and its tributaries. The payments shall be made within three (3) days of the Effective Date payable to "Tim Little, Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment" and delivered via wire transfer to: 1970 Broadway, Suite 600, Oakland, California 94612-2218. Defendants shall provide Waterkeeper with a copy of such payment.

66. Reimbursement of Waterkeeper's Fees and Costs. Defendants shall pay a total of Thirty-Seven Thousand Dollars ($37,000) to Waterkeeper to partially reimburse Waterkeeper for its investigation fees and costs, expert/consultant fees and costs, and reasonable attorneys' fees incurred as a result of investigating and preparing the lawsuit and negotiating this Consent Decree. Payment shall be made within three (3) days of the Effective Date payable to "Los Angeles Waterkeeper" and delivered via wire transfer to: Los Angeles Waterkeeper, 120 Broadway, Suite 105, Santa Monica, CA 90401.

67. Stipulated Payment. The Defendants shall make a remediation payment of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000) for each missed deadline included in this Consent Decree, not excused by Force Majeure. Payments for a missed deadline shall be made for the restoration and/or improvement of the watershed in the area affected by the Defendants' alleged discharges and shall be awarded to the Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment. Defendants agree to make the stipulated payment within thirty (30) days of a missed deadline. The payments shall be mailed via regular mail to the attention of Tim Little, Rose Foundation for Communities and the Environment, 1970 Broadway, Suite 600, Oakland, California 94612-2218. The Defendants shall provide Waterkeeper with a copy of each such payment at the time it is made.

IV. DISPUTE RESOLUTION

68. This Court shall retain jurisdiction over this matter until the final termination date defined in paragraph 9 above for the purposes of implementing and enforcing the terms and conditions of this Consent Decree, and adjudicating all disputes among the Settling Parties that may arise under the provisions of this Consent Decree. The Court shall have the power to enforce this Consent Decree with all available legal and equitable remedies, including contempt.

69. Meet and Confer. A party to this Consent Decree shall invoke the dispute resolution procedures of this Section by notifying all other Settling Parties in writing of the matter(s) in dispute. The Settling Parties shall then meet and confer in good faith (either telephonically or in person) in an attempt to resolve the dispute informally over a period of ten (10) days from the date of the notice. The Settling Parties may elect to extend this time in an effort to resolve the dispute without court intervention.

70. If the Settling Parties cannot resolve a dispute by the end of meet and confer informal negotiations, the party initiating the dispute resolution provision may invoke formal dispute resolution by filing a motion before the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The Settling Parties agree to request an expedited hearing schedule on the motion.

71. Enforcement Fees and Costs. Litigation costs and fees incurred in conducting a meet and confer session(s) or otherwise addressing and/or resolving any dispute, including an alleged breach of this Consent Decree, may be awarded at the Court's discretion to either Party in accordance with the standard established by Section 505 of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 1365 and 1319, and case law interpreting that standard.

V. MUTUAL RELEASE OF LIABILITY AND COVENANT NOT TO SUE

72. Waterkeeper's Release. Upon the Effective Date of this Consent Decree, Waterkeeper, on its own behalf and on behalf of its current and former officers, directors, employees, and each of their successors and assigns, and its agents, attorneys, and other representatives releases all persons including, without limitation, Defendants (and each of their direct and indirect parent and subsidiary companies and affiliates, and their respective current and former officers, directors, members, employees, shareholders, and each of their predecessors, successors, and assigns, and each of their agents, attorneys, consultants, and other representatives) from and waives all claims alleged in the Notice Letter and/or Complaint up to the Effective Date of this Consent Decree.

73. Defendants' Release. Upon the Effective Date of this Consent Decree, Defendants, on its own behalf and on behalf of its current and former officers, directors, employees, members, and each of their successors and assigns, and their agents, attorneys, and other representatives releases Waterkeeper (and its current and former officers, directors, employees, members, parents, subsidiaries, and affiliates, and each of their successors and assigns, and its agents, attorneys, and other representatives) from and waives all claims which arise from or pertain to this action, including all claims for fees (including fees of attorneys, experts, and others), costs, expenses, or any other sum incurred or claimed for matters related to Waterkeeper's Notice Letter and Complaint up to entry of this Consent Decree by the Court.

74. Upon Court approval and entry of this Consent Decree, the Court shall retain jurisdiction over Republic Services, Inc. for the sole purpose of enforcing the guaranty of Republic Services, Inc. of the performance of the obligations of Defendants. Republic Services, Inc. in executing this Consent Decree guarantees the performance of all obligations of Defendants, including, but not limited to, the payment of any monetary sums required under this Consent Decree.

75. Nothing in this Consent Decree limits or otherwise affects Waterkeeper's right to address or take any position that it deems necessary or appropriate in any formal or informal proceeding before the State Board, Regional Board, EPA, or any other administrative body on any other matter relating to Defendants' compliance with the Storm Water Permit or the Clean Water Act occurring or arising after the Effective Date of this Consent Decree.

VI. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

76. No Admission of Liability. Neither this Consent Decree, the implementation of additional BMPs, nor any payment pursuant to the Consent Decree shall constitute or be construed as a finding, adjudication, admission, or acknowledgment of any fact, law, or liability, nor shall it be construed as an admission of violation of any law, rule, or regulation. Defendants maintain and reserve all defenses they may have to any alleged violations that may be raised in the future.

77. Force Majeure. Force Majeure includes any act of God, war, fire, earthquake, flood, or natural catastrophe; civil disturbance, vandalism, sabotage, or terrorism; restraint by court order or public authority or agency; or action or non-action by, or inability to obtain the necessary authorizations or approvals from, any governmental agency. Force Majeure shall not include normal inclement weather, economic hardship, or inability to pay. Any party seeking to rely upon this paragraph to excuse or postpone performance shall have the burden of establishing that it could not reasonably avoid the Force Majeure event and which by exercise of due diligence has been unable to overcome the failure of performance. Delay in compliance with a specific obligation under this Consent Decree due to Force Majeure as defined in this paragraph shall not excuse or delay compliance with any or all other obligations required under this Consent Decree.

a. If Defendants claim Force Majeure, they shall notify Waterkeeper in writing within twenty-one (21) days of the date that Defendants first knew of the event or circumstance that caused or would cause a violation of this Consent Decree. The notice shall describe the reason for the nonperformance and the specific obligations under the Consent Decree that are or have been affected by the Force Majeure. It shall describe the anticipated length of time the delay may persist, the cause or causes of the delay, the measures taken or to be taken by Defendants to prevent or minimize the delay, the schedule by which the measures shall be implemented, and the anticipated date of compliance. Defendants shall adopt all reasonable measures to avoid and minimize such delays.

b. In the case of governmental permits and approvals required for structural BMPS, Defendants shall diligently file and pursue all required local agency applications for permits for the structural BMPs described in this Consent Decree, and shall diligently pursue the procurement of contractors, labor and materials to complete all such BMPs by the deadlines set forth herein, and shall use their best efforts to meet these deadlines. Defendants shall be excused from meeting the deadlines in this Consent Decree for a specific BMP if circumstances beyond the reasonable control of Defendant as well as delays in obtaining any required governmental permits or approvals due to the permitting agency's actions or inactions or delays associated with the fabrication and/or construction of materials and structural BMPs prevent the attainment of the deadline for a specific BMP. Such delays may only be excused if all of the following requirements are met: 1) Defendant has notified Waterkeeper via email, telephone call, and first class mail within ten (10) days of first learning about the anticipated delay; 2) Defendant continues to exercise due diligence and best efforts in pursuing the permitting and implementation of the BMP in question and proposes a reasonable revised deadline; and 3) Defendant meets the revised deadline. Any excused delay shall not excuse Defendants from implementing their other, unexcused obligations under this Consent Decree. The estimated average time for installation of a cattle grid and/or exit trench from the time of receiving the permit is 3-4 weeks from receipt of the permit. The estimated average time for installation of a canopy from the time of receiving the permit is 8-9 weeks from receipt of the permit.

c. The Settling Parties shall meet and confer in good faith concerning the non-performance and, where the Settling Parties concur that performance was or is impossible due to Force Majeure, despite the timely good faith efforts of Defendants, new deadlines shall be established.

d. If Waterkeeper disagrees with Defendants' notice of Force Majeure, or in the event that the Settling Parties cannot timely agree on the terms of new performance deadlines or requirements, either party shall have the right to invoke the Dispute Resolution Procedure pursuant to Section IV. In such proceeding, Defendants shall bear the burden of proving that any delay in performance of any requirement of this Consent Decree was caused or will be caused by Force Majeure and the extent of any delay attributable to such circumstances.

78. Construction. The language in all parts of this Consent Decree shall be construed according to its plain and ordinary meaning, except as to those terms defined in the Storm Water Permit, the Clean Water Act, or specifically herein.

79. Choice of Law. The laws of the United States shall govern this Consent Decree.

80. Severability. In the event that any provision, paragraph, section, or sentence of this Consent Decree is held by a court to be unenforceable, the validity of the enforceable provisions shall not be adversely affected.

81. Correspondence. Unless specifically provided for in this Consent Decree, all notices required herein or any other correspondence pertaining to this Consent Decree shall be sent by U.S. mail or electronic mail as follows:

If to Plaintiff: Tatiana Gaur, Staff Attorney tgaur@lawaterkeeper.org Los Angeles Waterkeeper 120 Broadway, Suite 105 Santa Monica, California 90401 With copies to: Liz Crosson, Executive Director liz@lawaterkeeper.org Los Angeles Waterkeeper 120 Broadway, Suite 105 Santa Monica, California 90401 If to Defendants: Thomas M. Bruen (Bar No. 63324) tbruen@tbsglaw.com Law Offices of Thomas M. Bruen, P.C. 1990 N. California Boulevard, Suite 620 Walnut Creek, California 94596 With copies to: Ron Krall rkrall@republicservices.com Area President 12949 Telegraph Road Sante Fe Springs, California 90670 Tim Benter tbenter@republicservices.com Vice President and Deputy General Counsel Republic Services, Inc. 18500 North Allied Way Phoenix. Arizona 85054

Notifications of communications shall be deemed submitted three (3) business days after having been set via U.S. mail or the day of sending notification or communication by electronic mail. Any change of address or addresses shall be communicated in the manner described above for giving notices.

82. Effect of Consent Decree. Except as provided herein, Waterkeeper does not, by its consent to this Consent Decree, warrant or aver in any manner that Defendants' compliance with this Consent Decree will constitute or result in compliance with any federal or state law or regulation. Nothing in this Consent Decree shall be construed to affect or limit in any way the obligation of Defendants to comply with all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing any activity required by this Consent Decree.

83. Counterparts. This Consent Decree may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which together shall constitute one original document. Telecopy, email of a .pdf signature, and/or facsimile copies of original signature shall be deemed to be originally executed counterparts of this Consent Decree.

84. Modification of the Consent Decree. This Consent Decree, and any provisions herein, may not be changed, waived, discharged, or terminated unless by a written instrument, signed by the Settling Parties. If any Settling Party wishes to modify any provision of this Consent Decree, the Settling Party must notify the other Settling Party in writing at least twenty-one (21) days prior to taking any step to implement the proposed change.

85. Full Settlement. This Consent Decree constitutes a full and final settlement of this matter.

86. Integration Clause. This is an integrated Consent Decree. This Consent Decree is intended to be a full and complete statement of the terms of the agreement between the Settling Parties and expressly supersedes any and all prior oral or written agreements, covenants, representations, and warranties (express or implied) concerning the subject matter of this Consent Decree.

87. Authority. The undersigned representatives for Plaintiff and Defendants each certify that he/she is fully authorized by the party whom he/she represents to enter into the terms and conditions of this Consent Decree.

88. The Settling Parties certify that their undersigned representatives are fully authorized to enter into this Consent Decree, to execute it on behalf of the Settling Parties, and to legally bind the Settling Parties to its terms.

89. The Settling Parties, including any successors or assigns, agree to be bound by this Consent Decree and not to contest its validity in any subsequent proceeding to implement or enforce its terms.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

FootNotes


1. The Bel Art Facility's operating hours are Monday through Friday 5am to 5:30pm, Saturday 5am through 4pm.
2. EPA Benchmarks are listed in the EPA's NPDES Multi-Sector General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity.
3. Water quality standards applicable to discharges from the Bel Art Facility for purposes of this Consent Decree include those set out in the Water Quality Control Plan: Los Angeles Region, Basin Plan for the Coastal Watersheds of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, adopted on November 17, 1994 (as amended) ("Basin Plan") and the Criteria for Priority Toxic Pollutants for the State of California ("CTR"), 40 C.F.R. § 131.38.
4. If storm water flows exceed the influent limits in Table 1 for any contaminant(s) that may be removed with Filtrexx socks for Heavy Metal Removal, Defendants' Action Plan shall require, at a minimum, the implementation of such Filtrexx socks upgradient and proximate to the inlet(s) to the infiltration basin(s) that receives the storm water flows that sampling indicates exceeds the influent limits.
5. An * next to a Numeric Limit denotes a CTR Limit. The limits for pH, COD, and E. coli are from the Basin Plan. The remaining limits are EPA Benchmarks. CTR Limits are expressed as a function of total hardness in the water body based on the equations provided in Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 97, May 18, 2000, and being hardness dependent will vary with the analyzed total hardness of the water body. The CTR Criterion Maximum levels expressed herein assume a total hardness of 100 mg/L.
Source:  Leagle

Can't find what you're looking for?

Post a free question on our public forum.
Ask a Question
Search for lawyers by practice areas.
Find a Lawyer