JAMES K. BREDAR, District Judge.
Plaintiff Joseph Felder initiated this action by filing a complaint against his former employers, Defendants Maximus, Inc. ("Maximus"), and Computer Sciences Corporation ("CSC"). (Compl., ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff alleges age discrimination in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (Counts I and II),
A complaint must contain "sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to `state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'" Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). Facial plausibility exists "when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. An inference of a mere possibility of misconduct is not sufficient to support a plausible claim. Id. at 679. As the Twombly opinion stated, "Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level." 550 U.S. at 555. "A pleading that offers `labels and conclusions' or `a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.' . . . Nor does a complaint suffice if it tenders `naked assertion[s]' devoid of `further factual enhancement.'" Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 557). Although when considering a motion to dismiss a court must accept as true all factual allegations in the complaint, this principle does not apply to legal conclusions couched as factual allegations. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555.
Plaintiff is a Caucasian male who was born in 1945. (Am. Compl. ¶ 2.) His employment with Maximus originated with that company's acquisition of Plaintiff's former employer, Acentia, which allegedly occurred in January of 2011. (Id. at ¶ 12.) In 2015, Plaintiff held a position of Business Analyst and was working on the Quality Improvement Organization project of the Development Effort Consolidation Contract at CSC's location in Columbia, Maryland. (Id. at ¶¶ 13, 14.) Plaintiff alleges his supervisor and other team members were all of Indian national origin, often spoke amongst each other in a foreign language presumed to be Hindi, and were significantly younger than he was. (Id. at ¶¶ 17, 18.) Plaintiff claims he was the most experienced member of his group, had the longest tenure with his employer, and performed his job satisfactorily. (Id. at ¶¶ 18, 20.) Nonetheless, his employment was terminated effective May 7, 2015, while his younger, less-experienced, Indian coworkers were retained. (Id. at ¶ 16.)
Defendant Maximus's motion to dismiss only involves Plaintiff's allegations brought pursuant to § 1981 and Title VII. Plaintiff states a plausible claim under both statutes. As such, Defendant's motion will be denied.
Originally passed as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, § 1981 provides in pertinent part that "[a]ll persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts . . . as is enjoyed by white citizens." 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (2015). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides a right of action to an employee whose employment was terminated (or took another enumerated action) because of the employee's race. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a) (2015). In the employment context, courts employ a common analysis on claims of racial discrimination brought under either Title VII or § 1981. Gairola v. Va. Dept. of Gen. Servs., 753 F.2d 1281, 1285 (4th Cir. 1985). Thus, in order to survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint for discriminatory termination under either statute must allege facts allowing for a reasonable inference that the defendant terminated the plaintiff's employment because of his race. McCleary-Evans v. Maryland Dep't of Transp., State Highway Admin., 780 F.3d 582, 585 (4th Cir. 2015).
One might reasonably infer that an employee was terminated because of his race if the employee alleges direct or indirect evidence of a discriminatory motive or if he pleads a prima facie case of discrimination under McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green.
At the pleading stage, it is not necessary that a plaintiff plead the elements of a prima facie case of employment discrimination in order to survive a motion to dismiss. McCleary-Evans, 780 F.3d at 584-85. The plaintiff could, after all, allege direct evidence of an employer's discriminatory intent. Foster v. Univ. of Md.-E. Shore, 787 F.3d 243, 249 (4th Cir. 2015). Nonetheless, because it raises a permissible inference of discrimination, pleading a prima facie case is sufficient to defeat a motion to dismiss. See Sheppard v. David Evans & Assoc., 694 F.3d 1045, 1050 n.2 (9th Cir. 2012).
In the instant case, Plaintiff has not alleged direct or circumstantial evidence of his employer's discriminatory intent. However, he has alleged (1) that he was a Caucasian with a national origin in the United States; (2) that his employment was terminated; (3) that he was meeting his employer's expectations at the time of his termination (and was well-qualified for the work); and (4) that other employees holding the same or similar positions were not terminated, were less qualified for said positions, had less seniority with the company, and were of a different race and national origin from those of Plaintiff. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 15-20.) Thus, while he was not required to do so, Plaintiff has alleged facts constituting a prima facie case of discriminatory discharge. Given that such facts, if proven, would be sufficient to merit judgment for Plaintiff,
Plaintiff's claim is thus distinguishable from that presented in Ruffin, a case relied on by the Defendant. (See Def.'s Reply Mot. 2, ECF No. 16) The employee in that case could neither present a prima facie case of discrimination nor allege other facts to plausibly infer she was fired because of her race. 126 F. Supp. 3d at 527.
Because Plaintiff has made out a plausible claim for relief, Defendant Maximus's motion to dismiss will be denied.
For the foregoing reasons, it is ORDERED: