ORDER

KIMBERLY J. MUELLER, District Judge.

A motion to intervene filed by Parsons Behle & Latimer, PLC (PBL) and a motion to substitute Connie Bowlin in her capacity as executor and representative for the Estate of Ed Bowlin in place of decedent Ed Bowlin are both pending before the court. Defendant Yeager has opposed the motion to intervene; no one has opposed Mrs. Bowlin's motion. The court ordered both matters submitted on the pleadings and now GRANTS both motions.

I. BACKGROUND

On November 21, 2007, Robert Eliason with the law firm of Wild, Carter & Tipton filed a complaint on Yeager's behalf against AT&T, raising claims of the violation of the common law right of privacy and California Civil Code § 3344, among other claims. Yeager v. AT&T, Civ. No. S-07-2517 KJM GGH ("Yeager docket"), ECF No. 1.

On September 9, 2008, the court granted Eliason's motion to withdraw as counsel and substituted plaintiff in propria persona. ECF No. 31. On March 16, 2009, Steven McDonald of De La Pena & McDonald LLP substituted in as counsel for Yeager. Yeager docket, ECF No. 33.

On March 8, 2010, the court granted plaintiff's substitution of attorney, relieving attorney McDonald and substituting Charles Harder of Wolf, Rifkin, Shapiro, Schuman & Rabkin, LLP as counsel and substituting plaintiff in propria persona. Yeager docket, ECF No. 73. On October 19, 2010, the court granted Harder's motion to withdraw as counsel and substituted plaintiff in propria persona. Yeager docket, ECF No. 84.

On June 25, 2010, Connie Bowlin, Ed Bowlin and Aviation Autographs (the Bowlins), judgment creditors, filed a lien. Yeager docket, ECF No. 77.

On November 16, 2010, attorney Joanna Mendoza substituted in as counsel for plaintiff. Yeager docket, ECF No. 88. The court granted Mendoza's motion to withdraw on April 11, 2011, again substituting Yeager in propria persona. Yeager docket, ECF Nos. 95 & 96.

On October 12, 2011, attorney John Zarian of Zarian Midgley & Johnson PLLC substituted in as counsel for Yeager. Yeager docket, ECF No. 106. In November 2011, Zarian Midgley merged with Parsons Behle. See AT&T Mobility v. Yeager, et al., Civ. No. S-13-0007 KJM DAD (AT&T docket), ECF No. 72-3 ¶ 4.

On June 8, 2012, Yeager prevailed in a jury trial against AT&T on his claim that AT&T violated his right to publicity under California Civil Code § 3344 by using plaintiff's name to promote its cell phone service. Yeager docket, ECF No. 222. The jury awarded Yeager $135,000. Yeager docket, ECF No. 227 at 2.

On June 13, 2012, attorney Mendoza filed a notice of a lien claim. Yeager docket, ECF No. 231. She withdrew the lien claim on March 21, 2013. Yeager docket, ECF No. 296.

Yeager filed a motion for attorney's fees on July 9, 2012. Yeager docket, ECF No. 243. In support of the motion for attorneys' fees, Yeager submitted billing records from counsel Zarian Midgley & Johnson and its successor firm Parsons, Behle & Latimer as well as billing records from his many former counsel. See generally Yeager docket, ECF No. 243.

De La Pena & McDonald filed a notice of a lien claim on August 22, 2012, but withdrew it on April 23, 2013. Yeager docket, ECF Nos. 259, 300.

On December 18, 2012, the court granted plaintiff's motion for $160,757 fees for PBL's work on the case, but denied his request for $132,150.72 in fees owed to his previous counsel, holding that the invoices of the previous counsel were not properly authenticated. Yeager docket, ECF No. 270 at 5. The court also granted in part plaintiff's request for costs under California Civil Code § 3344, granting $5728.42 of the $15,437.72 requested, and granted in part plaintiff's request for costs under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54(d) (granting $7100.30 of the $36,681.63 requested). Id. The court directed AT&T to remit a total of $173,585.72 within fourteen days of the date of the order. Id.

On December 28, 2012, the Bowlins filed a motion to intervene as judgment lien creditors, seeking an order for disbursement of funds. Yeager docket, ECF No. 271.

On January 2, 2013, plaintiff filed a motion for leave to file a supplemental motion for attorneys' fees. Yeager docket, ECF No. 277. In that motion, Yeager sought an award of $26,039 in attorneys' fees and additional costs incurred between July 1, 2012 and September 30, 2012. Yeager docket, ECF Nos. 277 & 278.

Also on January 2, 2013, AT&T filed the instant interpleader action, naming Yeager, the Bowlins, Mendoza, DeLaPena & McDonald and the Lesser Law Group as defendants, and deposited $308,668.85 into the court. AT&T docket, ECF No. 1.

On January 16, 2013, Yeager filed a motion asking the court to reconsider its decision not to award plaintiff the fees incurred by previous counsel. Yeager docket, ECF No. 279.

On February 15, 2013, Attorney Zarian filed a motion to withdraw as counsel alleging among other things that Yeager had failed to pay the firm's invoices. Yeager docket, ECF No. 289. The court directed Zarian to show cause why the request should not be denied in light of then-pending motions for reconsideration and for additional fees. Yeager docket, ECF No. 295. On April 23, 2013, Yeager opposed Zarian's motion to withdraw. Yeager docket, ECF No. 301.

On April 16, 2013, the court granted the parties' stipulation for dismissal of AT&T from the interpleader action subject to its depositing any supplemental attorneys' fees awarded with the court. AT&T docket, ECF No. 50.

On August 20, 2013, the court granted PBL's request for an additional award of $7763.63 in fees and denied the motion for reconsideration. Yeager docket, ECF No. 305.

On October 1, 2013, AT&T deposited an additional $7763.63 with the court and on October 7, 2013, the court dismissed AT&T from the action. AT&T docket, ECF No. 64.

On October 2, 2013, the court granted PBL's motion to withdraw as counsel in the underlying case and discharged the order to show cause. Yeager docket, ECF No. 306.

Zarian filed the instant motion on behalf of PBL on December 5, 2013. AT&T docket, ECF No. 72. Only Yeager has opposed the motion. AT&T docket, ECF No. 86.

II. THE MOTION TO INTERVENE

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 24(a) provides:

The court applies a four part test to determine whether intervention of right is proper under Rule 24(a): "(1) the application for intervention must be timely; (2) the applicant must have a `significantly protectable' interest relating to the property or transaction that is the subject of the action; (3) the applicant must be so situated that the disposition of the action may, as a practical matter, impair or impede the applicant's ability to protect that interest; and (4) the applicant's interest must not be adequately represented by the existing parties in the lawsuit." Southwest Ctr. for Biological Diversity v. Berg, 268 F.3d 810, 817 (9th Cir. 2001). "`In determining whether intervention is appropriate, courts are guided primarily by practical and equitable considerations, and the requirements for intervention are broadly interpreted in favor of intervention.'" United States v. Aerojet Gen'l Corp., 606 F.3d 1142, 1148 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting United States v. Alisal Water Corp., 370 F.3d 915, 919 (9th Cir. 2004)). PBL argues it easily satisfies all the requirements for intervention as of right. Yeager argues the motion is not timely and is not proper because its sole purpose is debt collection.

A. Timeliness

A court must consider three factors in determining whether a motion to intervene is timely: "`(1) the stage of the proceeding at which an applicant seeks to intervene; (2) the prejudice to the other parties; and (3) the reason for and length of the delay." League of United Latin Am. Citizens v. Wilson, 131 F.3d 1297, 1302 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting County of Orange v. Air Cal., 799 F.2d 535, 537 (9th Cir. 1986)). The concept of timeliness is flexible, depending on the circumstances before the court. Alisal Water Corp., 370 F.3d at 921; United States v. State of Or., 745 F.2d 550, 552 (9th Cir. 1984) ("Mere lapse of time is not determinative."). The most important factor in considering timeliness is "the issue of prejudice to the existing parties." Id.

PBL argues its motion is timely because little substantive discovery has been exchanged and no dispositive motions have been filed, and its intervention would not prejudice any of the parties. It also argues it could not intervene earlier because the court had not granted its motion to withdraw as counsel in the Yeager case. Motion, AT&T docket, ECF No. 72-1 at 8-9. Yeager counters that intervention will prompt him to file a cross complaint which will disrupt the schedule set in the pretrial scheduling order. AT&T docket, ECF No. 86 at 4-5.

i. Stage in the Proceedings

The scheduling order in this case was issued on November 21, 2013 and set April 25, 2014 as the date for hearing dispositive motions, with a final pretrial conference of July 11, 2014 and a court trial date of September 8, 2014. Although these dates are not far off, nothing significant has occurred in this case. No dispositive motions have been set for April 25 despite the fact that the time for calendaring such motions has passed and the court has not otherwise considered the merits of this case. This supports a finding of timeliness. CEP Emery Tech Inv. LLC v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 09-04409 SBA, 2010 WL 1460263, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 12, 2010) (allowing intervention when court had not addressed the merits); see League of United Latin Am. Citizens, 131 F.3d at 1303 ("the fact that the district court has substantively—and substantially—engaged the issues in this case weighs heavily against allowing intervention as of right").

ii. Prejudice to the Other Parties

Yeager says if PBL's motion is granted, he will seek leave to file a cross-complaint against PBL based on its mishandling of the underlying case and "a simple interpleader action" will become "greatly expanded." AT&T docket, ECF No. 86 at 5. However, the inquiry is not whether the changed posture of the case will cause prejudice, but rather whether intervention "would prejudice the existing parties because of the passage of time." State of Or., 745 F.2d at 553. Had PBL been joined by AT&T when the interpleader was filed, Yeager would have had to decide then whether to expand this "simple interpleader." As the prejudice Yeager identifies does not arise from the lapse of time, this does not undercut a finding of timeliness.

iii. Reason for and Length of the Delay

PBL says it could not seek to intervene until this court granted its motion to withdraw as counsel, given Yeager's refusal to consent to its withdrawal, and that it moved expeditiously once the motion was granted. ECF No. 72-1 at 9. This too supports a finding of timeliness.

B. Significant Protectable Interest

"`[W]hether an applicant for intervention demonstrates sufficient interest in an action is a practical, threshold inquiry. No specific legal or equitable interest need be established.'" Black & Veatch, Corp. v. Modesto Irrigation Dist., No. 1:11-cv-0069-LJO-SKO, 2011 WL 4842319, at *7 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 12, 2011) (quoting Berg, 268 F.3d at 818). Instead "[i]t is generally enough that the interest is protectable under some law, and there is a relationship between the legally protected interest and the claims at issue." Wilderness Soc'y v. United States Forest Serv., 630 F.3d 1173, 1779 (9th Cir. 2011) (internal citation & quotation marks omitted).

PBL has presented evidence that Yeager entered into a contract for representation with its successor Zarian & Midgley; when the Zarian firm merged into PBL, the latter continued to represent plaintiff under the terms of that contract; and there is still an outstanding balance due it under the contract. Decl. of John Zarian, AT&T docket, ECF No. 72-3 ¶¶ 3-7. It also argues that a portion of the funds AT&T has deposited with the court is comprised of the fees and costs this court awarded to Yeager as prevailing party under California Civil Code § 3344 and those funds awarded to the "prevailing party" belong to the attorney under California law. AT&T docket, ECF No. 72-1 at 11.

Yeager counters that intervention for the purpose of debt collection is not allowed. He also argues that any debt owed to PBL is not liquidated because there has been no arbitration of the fee dispute, because PBL did not inform Yeager of the right to arbitrate the fee dispute. AT&T docket, ECF No. 86 at 4-5.

In reply, PBL says that the cases Yeager cites do not support his position and that mandatory fee arbitration does not apply in this case.

In Alisal Water Corp., a case upon which Yeager relies, the Ninth Circuit said that "an allegedly impaired ability to collect judgments arising from past claims does not, on its own, support a right to intervention. To hold otherwise would create an open invitation for virtually any creditor of a defendant to intervene in a lawsuit where damages might be awarded." 370 F.3d at 920. PBL's claim, in contrast, does not stem from a past judgment, but is related to this action.

California's Mandatory Fee Arbitration Act (MFAA), California Business & Professions Code §§ 6200, et seq., "provides a quick and inexpensive method for clients, at their option, to resolve fee disputes with their attorneys." Perez v. Grajales, 169 Cal.App.4th 580, 585 (2008). However the law does not apply to "[d]isputes where the fee or cost to be paid by the client or on his or her behalf has been determined pursuant to statute or court order." CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 6200(b)(3). As this court has already awarded the fees for prevailing in the underlying litigation, the MFAA does not apply. Vasquez v. Aartman, Inc., No. CV-F-02-5624 AWI-LJO, 2005 WL 1836949, at *5-6 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 1, 2005) (finding the exception applied when the court had preliminarily approved the appropriate payment of attorneys' fees).

Accordingly, without conclusively deciding at this stage that the fees belong to the attorney and not the client, PBL has made a sufficient showing of a protectable interest in support of its motion to intervene.

C. Impairment of the Interest

The third prong of the Berg test, supra, requires the proposed intervenor to show that resolution of the action may practically impair its ability to protect its interest. California ex rel. Lockyer v. United States, 450 F.3d 436, 442 (9th Cir. 2006). As the Ninth Circuit observes, "`[i]f an absentee would be substantially affected in a practical sense by the determination made in an action, he should, as a general rule, be entitled to intervene.'" Berg, 268 F.3d at 822 (quoting FED. R. CIV. P. 24 advisory committee's notes to 1966 amendment). Should the fund in this case be distributed without PBL's participation, its interest in recovery will be affected.

D. Adequacy of Representation

Proposed intervenors generally have a low burden to show that their interests are inadequately represented, as required by the fourth prong of the Berg test. Arakaki v. Cayetano, 324 F.3d 1078, 1086 (9th Cir. 2003). Courts consider the following three factors in deciding whether the burden is met: "(1) whether the interest of a present party is such that it will undoubtedly make all of a proposed intervenor's arguments; (2) whether the present party is capable and willing to make such arguments; and (3) whether a proposed intervenor would offer any necessary elements to the proceeding that other parties would neglect." Id. (citing California v. Tahoe Reg'l Planning Agency, 792 F.2d 775, 778 (9th Cir. 1986)). "The most important factor in determining the adequacy of representation is how the interest compares with the interests of existing parties." Id.

Each of the parties to the action will likely take positions adverse to PBL's. For example, the Bowlins assert their position as a judgment creditor entitles them to priority, AT&T docket, ECF No. 7, while Yeager claims the entire fund himself. Id., ECF No. 18. None of the parties will advance PBL's interests.

Accordingly, PBL has satisfied the requirements for intervention of right. III. THE MOTION TO SUBSTITUTE A PARTY

Connie Bowlin asks the court to substitute her, in her capacity as the personal representative of and executor of the Estate of Ed Bowlin, in place of the decedent Ed Bowlin, on the claim that the Bowlins and their businesses are entitled to $275,596.58 in attorneys' fees and costs awarded in Yeager v. Bowlin, Civ. No. S-08-102 WBS JFM. AT&T docket, ECF No. 87. The request is unopposed.

Under Rule 25(a), "[i]f a party dies and the claim is not extinguished, the court may order substitution of the proper party." FED. R. CIV. P. 25(a). Under California law, "a cause of action for or against a person is not lost by reason of the person's death, but survives. . . ." CAL. CODE CIV. PRO. § 377.20(a). Also under the federal common law, "claims that are remedial in nature survive the claimant's death. . . ." E.E.O.C. v. Timeless Inv., Inc., 734 F.Supp.2d 1035, 1057 (E.D. Cal. 2010). The substitution is proper.

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that:

1. PBL's motion to intervene, ECF No. 72, is granted; and

2. Connie Bowlin's motion to substitute her in her capacity as Ed Bowlin's personal representative in the place of Ed Bowlin, ECF No. 87, is granted.