BARRY TED MOSKOWITZ, Chief District Judge.
Defendant Infinitelabs, LLC, has moved to transfer this case frOM THE Southern District of California to the Middle District of Florida pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). For the following reasons, Defendant's motion is DENIED.
Defendant is a Florida limited liability company with its principle place of business in Orlando, Florida. ¶ 30
Bodybuilding.com is an online retailer of Defendant's supplement. ¶ 4. Defendant provides Bodybuilding.com and other online retailers with advertising and marketing language and label images for its Pro Tribulus supplement.¶ 5. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant also sells the supplement through brick and mortar retailers throughout the United States. ¶ 28.
Plaintiff is a resident of San Diego County, California. ¶ 29. In May 2013, Plaintiff was in San Diego when he purchased Defendant's product from Bodybuilding.com. ¶ 29. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant uses several false, fraudulent, misleading, unfair, and deceptive claims on its website and Bodybuilding.com. ¶¶ 18-19. Plaintiff reviewed the product's labeling and marketing material and relied on both in deciding to purchase Defendant's supplement. ¶¶ 32-33. Plaintiff alleges that, absent Defendant's false and misleading advertising, he would not have purchased Defendant's product. ¶ 49.
Plaintiff alleges that Defendant's false claims can be divided into two categories: claims regarding enhanced testosterone production and claims regarding increased muscle mass. Regarding testosterone, defendant claims that its supplement provides "Advanced LH Production Support," and will "Support Natural Testosterone Production," and "Support LH Production." ¶ 36; Exhibits A, B. Regarding muscle mass, Defendant claims that its supplement will "Increase Lean Muscle Naturally," provides "Growth & Recovery," and is "The Athlete's Performance Aid." ¶ 41; Exhibits A, B. Plaintiff contends that both sets of claims are contrary to medical studies on animals and humans. ¶¶ 37-40, 42-44.
Plaintiff subsequently sued Defendant, individually and on behalf of a putative California and national class, asserting claims for violations of the California Business and Professions Code § 17200 et seq.; California Civil Code § 1750 et seq.; California Business and Professions Code § 17500 set seq.; and breach of express warranty. Defendant now moves that this case be transferred to the Middle District of Florida. Plaintiff opposes the motion.
28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) provides:
However, even where venue is proper, a discretionary transfer may be sought under 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a): "[f]or the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have been brought or to any district or division to which all parties have consented."
In determining whether transfer is appropriate in a particular case, courts consider several factors:
The Court is satisfied that both the Southern District of California and the Middle District of Florida are appropriate venues for this action because "a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred" in each district. 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b)(2).
Defendant has moved to transfer this case from California to Florida pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), which is "intended to place discretion in the district court to adjudicate motions for transfer according to an individualized, case-by-case consideration of convenience and fairness."
While this factor is probative in contract disputes, Plaintiff has not alleged a breach of contract in this case. The Court finds that this factor is inapplicable on these facts and thus neutral — it neither weighs in favor nor against transfer to the Middle District of Florida.
Plaintiff's complaint states claims for relief under California law. This court is presumably more familiar with the California law than a court in Florida will be. While "other federal courts are fully capable of applying California law,"
Generally, plaintiff's choice of forum is afforded considerable weight, but "when an individual brings a derivative suit or represents a class, the named plaintiff's choice of forum is given less weight."
Defendant appears to have limited contact with the Southern District of
California. While its principle place of business is Orlando, Florida, it is authorized to conduct business in California. Defendant is producing and selling products via the internet and retails stores throughout the nation, including California.
Plaintiff's contact with the Middle District of Florida appears to be non-existent. Neither party has alleged that Plaintiff has any connection to Florida beyond buying a product online supplied by a Florida company.
Having considered both parties contacts with each potential forum, the Court finds that this factor weighs against transfer.
Defendant's contacts with the Southern District of California relating to this claim include Defendant's online marketing, which Plaintiff viewed in this District, and Defendant's sale of its supplement to Plaintiff, who is a resident of this District. To the extent Defendant's advertising and labels were deceptive, part of the deception occurred in this District when Plaintiff viewed Defendant's representations and relied on them in deciding to purchase Defendant's product. Moreover, California has a compelling interest in protecting its residents from false, deceptive, or misleading advertising.
However, this action also relates to Florida, where Defendant's allegedly deceptive advertising and marketing were developed. Florida has a clear interest in regulating the conduct of its corporations.
On balance, the Court finds that while there are connections to both states and both states have an interest in this case arising from those connections, California's connections and interests predominate. The Court concludes that this factor weighs against transfer.
The parties have not raised this issue in their briefing and the Court assumes that the costs of litigation will be comparable in both districts. Accordingly, the Court finds that this factor is neutral.
Neither party has suggested the existence of non-party witnesses who will be relevant to the outcome of this case. The Court finds that this factor is neutral.
Defendant contends that all relevant documents under its control are in Florida. But Defendant has not shown that documents likely to be sought in discovery can only be produced with difficulty. Most relevant documents are likely to have electronic copies or be capable of being copied and electronically produced with minimal burden.
Defendant also argues that its employees work and reside in Florida and that being forced to testify in California would be unduly burdensome. There is some merit to this argument, but the burdens of modern cross-country air travel are familiar to many and do not substantially impact the Court's analysis of this factor. Moreover, if the case were transferred to Florida, the burden of cross-country travel would merely be shifted from Defendant to Plaintiff and any other witnesses from the California class. Accordingly, the Court finds that this factor is neutral.
Having considered each of the