ERICA P. GROSJEAN, Magistrate Judge.
Mario Amador Gonzalez ("Plaintiff") is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiff filed his second amended complaint on June 1, 2016. (ECF No. 25). Plaintiff's second amended complaint alleges that certain prison officials failed to report a medical emergency and that medical staff at first refused to remove Plaintiff's catheter, which was causing him severe pain, before removing the catheter the next day with an improper deflation kit causing further injury to Plaintiff. (
On December 5, 2016, Defendants C.O. Archuleta, Sgt. Chan, Sgt. Devine, R.N. Padilla, Dr. Scharffenberg, Warden Sherman, and R.N. Soto ("Defendants") filed a 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss. (ECF No. 64). On January 3, 2017, Plaintiff filed an opposition to Defendants' motion to dismiss. (ECF No. 65). On January 9, 2017, Defendants filed a reply to Plaintiff's opposition. (ECF No. 66). Defendants' motion to dismiss is now before the Court. For the reasons described below, the Court recommends that Defendants' motion to dismiss be granted in part and denied in part.
Plaintiff alleges in his second amended complaint (ECF No. 25) that on December 9, 2013, at or around 2:30 p.m., Plaintiff was discharged from Mercy Hospital in Bakersfield. Later in the evening, at around 7:30 p.m. Plaintiff was sent to the institution's C.T.C./T.T.A as he "complained of excruciating pain in relations [sic] to [his] catheter." He informed Defendant R.N. Soto that he wanted his catheter removed as he was in great pain and discomfort. Defendant R.N. Soto advised him that Defendant R.N. Soto could not do so without a doctor's order. Plaintiff believes that at that point a doctor's order should have been obtained to remove the catheter. It is his belief that the failure to obtain a doctor's order resulted in permanent injury.
On December 10, 2013, at or around 10:00 a.m., Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg advised Plaintiff that his catheter was to remain in place for one week. Plaintiff complained of excruciating pain and requested that the catheter be removed.
At or around 10:45 a.m. that same day, Defendant R.N. Padilla was ordered by Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg to provide a catheter deflation kit. However, when Defendant R.N. Padilla returned she informed Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg that they did not have the right size deflation syringe kit. Defendant R.N. Padilla then asked Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg, "Would you like me to remove the catheter?"
Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg stated that he himself could do it with the wrong size deflation kit. As Plaintiff complained of excruciating pain, Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg repeatedly badgered Plaintiff with statements such as "cut the show," "what's with the show," and "you need to be more mature, it's just a catheter."
Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg removed the catheter "knowingly and willingly using the wrong kit." Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg "failed to deflate the balloon valve properly yet he continued. [He] yanked on the catheter when he noticed resistance [he] pushed the catheter further back into [Plaintiff's] penile hole," causing Plaintiff further pain. Plaintiff claims that as a result he sustained permanent injury.
Plaintiff further alleges that at or around 11:00 a.m. Plaintiff informed Defendant C.O. Archuleta that he had a medical emergency, but that Defendant C.O. Archuleta failed to do anything.
At 12:00 p.m. or shortly thereafter, Plaintiff reported to Defendant Sgt. Chan that he had a medical emergency. He was advised by Defendant Sgt. Chan that medical was aware of his condition. However, Defendant Sgt. Chan did not report the medical emergency.
At or around 3:30 p.m. Plaintiff informed Defendant Sgt. Devine of his medical emergency. Defendant Sgt. Devine never reported the emergency.
At or around 4:00 p.m. Plaintiff informed Defendant C.O. Ceja that he was suicidal. Plaintiff states that "this was mental anguish plus desperation to receive help. [He] was bleeding from [his] penile hole and was suffering with pain" and that Defendant "Dr. Scharffenberg was torturing [him] to the point of having suicidal thoughts."
Plaintiff eventually received a Toradol 60 mg injection and was taken to Mercy Bakersfield by ambulance.
Plaintiff further alleges that Defendant Warden Sherman "failed to adequately train his staff for medical emergency response. He failed to properly supervise his subordinates as a result [Plaintiff] suffered serious and permanent injury"
For relief, Plaintiff requests compensatory and punitive damages for the constitutional violations, as well as for defendants to be accountable for potential "future medical bills requiring surgeries etc . . ." Plaintiff would "like to be returned to the same condition before aforementioned constitutional violations occurred. This includes mental suffering, punitive damages for wrongful conduct oppressively applied with recklessness amounting to said deliberate indifference."
Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on December 5, 2016. (ECF No. 64). Defendants argue that Plaintiff has not stated sufficient facts for any of the Eighth or Fourteenth Amendment claims against any of the defendants.
On January 3, 2017, Plaintiff filed an opposition to Defendants' motion to dismiss. (ECF No. 65). Plaintiff's opposition appears to be missing the second page and therefore the opposition only addresses Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment claims.
Plaintiff's opposition contains additional facts that are not present in the second amended complaint. Such allegations included additional statements regarding Defendant Soto and that "Operations Manual (DOM) for CDCR prison clearly says that at least one doctor must be present at [the] facility 24/7. Because of that, Defendant Soto[`s] refusal to remove [the] catheter because there is no doctor around to approve it, is false. He was well informed that there must be a doctor for emergencies, which means that he willfully and deliberately ignored Plaintiff's request to remove catheter because of overwhelming pain and suffering. It is hard to believe that [Defendant] Soto was not aware that [an] inserted catheter can be cause of severe pain. As a result of delay of removing catheter properly, Plaintiff was forced to have surgery and even face amputation of his penis which definitely represents a serious injury." (ECF No. 65, p. 2). In regards to Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg, Plaintiff added that Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg "willfully and deliberately acted against proper medical procedure and against wishes of his patient. It is certainly not negligence. He was well aware of patient's pain and suffering yet he even increased pain with no remorse and total disregard for proper medical procedure." (
On January 9, 2017, Defendants filed a reply to Plaintiff's opposition, which addressed the new factual allegations and argued that even with the new facts Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment claims still fail. (ECF No. 66).
In considering a motion to dismiss, the court must accept all allegations of material fact in the complaint as true.
A motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) operates to test the sufficiency of the complaint. Rule 8(a)(2) requires only "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief" in order to "give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests."
The first step in testing the sufficiency of the complaint is to identify any conclusory allegations.
After assuming the veracity of all well-pleaded factual allegations, the second step is for the court to determine whether the complaint pleads "a claim to relief that is plausible on its face."
In deciding a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, the Court generally may not consider materials outside the complaint and pleadings.
The Court begins its analysis with Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment claims against the various defendants. "[T]o maintain an Eighth Amendment claim based on prison medical treatment, an inmate must show `deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.'"
Deliberate indifference is established only where the defendant subjectively "knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health and safety."
A difference of opinion between an inmate and prison medical personnel—or between medical professionals—regarding appropriate medical diagnosis and treatment is not enough to establish a deliberate indifference claim.
Plaintiff alleges that Defendant R.N. Soto would not remove Plaintiff's catheter on December 9, 2013, around 7:30 p.m., and that R.N. Soto "advised [plaintiff] that he could not do so without a doctor's order." The complaint indicates that Defendant Soto did not get a doctor's order and there is nothing to indicate that Defendant Soto even reported Plaintiff's medical needs to a doctor staffed at the hospital. There were no attempts to remove the catheter on December 9, 2013, and in fact the catheter was not removed until the next day at 10:45 a.m., a period of roughly nine hours later.
The Court is sympathetic to Defendant's position and it may very well be that facts will be insufficient to establish deliberate indifference on the part of R.N. Soto. However, construing the facts liberally in favor of Plaintiff, as the Court must, the Court recommends allowing this claim to proceed past the pleading stage. Taking the facts as true, this was not a question of different medical opinions—Defendant Soto just failed to make any attempt to care for Plaintiff's medical situation and left it until the next day despite extreme pain. It is possible that a jury could find deliberate indifference to serious medical needs based on these facts. Thus, the Court recommends holding that Plaintiff has asserted an Eigth Amendment Claim based on deliberate indifference to serious medical needs against Defendant Soto.
Plaintiff claims that on December 10, 2013, at or around 10:00 a.m., Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg advised Plaintiff that his catheter was to remain in place for one week. Plaintiff requested that the catheter be removed because he was experiencing excruciating pain. Apparently based on this request, at around 10:45 a.m., Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg ordered Defendant R.N. Padilla to provide a catheter deflation kit so that the catheter could be removed. The kit was the incorrect size, but Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg said that he could still remove the catheter. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg failed to deflate the balloon valve properly yet continued with the removal and that Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg yanked on the catheter when he noticed resistance. Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg pushed the catheter further back into Plaintiff's penile hole, causing Plaintiff further pain. Plaintiff claims that as a result he has sustained permanent injury and that Defendant "Dr. Scharffenberg was torturing [him] to the point of having suicidal thoughts."
Construing the facts in favor of Plaintiff, the Court recommends allowing Plaintiff's deliberate indifference claim to proceed against Defendant Scharffenberg as well. Plaintiff has alleged facts indicating a purposeful indifference to Plaintiff's pain by alleging that Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg repeatedly badgered Plaintiff with statements such as "cut the show," "what's with the show," and "you need to be more mature, it's just a catheter." Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg eventually did remove the catheter, but he allegedly used the wrong sized kit, and failed to deflate the balloon valve properly. The compliant further alleges that Plaintiff had needed surgery after the catheter was removed.
Therefore, taking the facts in Plaintiff's second amended complaint as true, and construing them liberally in favor of Plaintiff, the Court finds that Plaintiff has stated a cognizable claim against Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg. Accordingly, the Court will recommend that Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment claim proceed against Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg.
At or around 10:45 a.m. Defendant R.N. Padilla was ordered by Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg to provide a catheter deflation kit. However, when Defendant R.N. Padilla returned she informed Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg that they did not have the right size deflation syringe kit.
The complaint does not contain any facts that indicate that Defendant R.N. Padilla acted with deliberate indifference. The complaint in fact alleges that all Defendant R.N. Padilla did was retrieve and then give the available deflation syringe kit to Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg at Defendant Dr. Scharffenberg's request. Her involvement was minimal and the complaint does not sufficiently support an Eighth Amendment Claim against Defendant R.N. Padilla. Accordingly, the Court will recommend that Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment claim against Defendant R.N. Padilla be dismissed.
Plaintiff's claims against Defendants C.O. Archuleta, Sgt. Chan and Sgt. Devine are nearly identical: Plaintiff alleges that at different times he reported that he had a medical emergency to these Defendants, but that all three failed to report the medical emergency to medical staff. The second amended complaint alleges further that Defendant Sgt. Chan specifically advised Plaintiff that the medical staff was aware of Plaintiff's condition. According to Plaintiff, he was taken to the hospital later that day after his interactions with these three Defendants. Therefore, it is clear that medical staff was indeed aware of Plaintiff's medical needs.
Based on the facts alleged, Plaintiff has failed to state a claim against any of these defendants for deliberate indifference to Plaintiff's serious medical needs. Plaintiff simply fails to allege enough facts that, if true, would show that any of these three Defendants acted in a manner that was deliberately indifferent to Plaintiff's serious medical needs. In fact, according to Plaintiff, Defendant Sgt. Chan specifically advised Plaintiff that medical staff already knew of Plaintiff's condition. Because Defendant Sgt. Chan apparently thought medical staff already knew of Plaintiff's conditions, he would have no reason to tell medical staff about Plaintiff's condition. Even if Defendant Sgt. Chan was mistaken in his belief that medical staff was informed, it would not rise to the level of deliberate indifference. At most, it would appear to be negligence.
Additionally, the Court notes from Plaintiff's previous statements to the Court that a second guard may have also informed Plaintiff that medical staff was aware of Plaintiff's medical condition and that save for Plaintiff's conclusory allegation, there appears to be no factual allegations that would show the guard was lying. Accordingly, the Court will recommend dismissal of this claim against Defendants C.O. Archuleta, Sgt. Chan and Sgt. Devine.
Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Warden Sherman "failed to adequately train his staff for medical emergency response. He failed to properly supervise his subordinates as a result [Plaintiff] suffered serious and permanent injury directly a violation of [Plaintiff's] 8th Amendment right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment as well violated [Plaintiff's] 14th amendment right of due process an equal protection." (ECF No. 25, at p. 8). Under § 1983, Plaintiff must demonstrate that each named defendant personally participated in the deprivation of his rights.
Supervisors may only be held liable if they "participated in or directed the violations, or knew of the violations and failed to act to prevent them."
Supervisory personnel are generally not liable under section 1983 for the actions of their employees under a theory of respondeat superior and, therefore, when a named defendant holds a supervisory position, the causal link between him and the claimed constitutional violation must be specifically alleged.
"Threadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice."
With this law in mind, Plaintiff's complaint fails to state a claim against Defendant Sherman. The second amended complaint does not allege that Defendant Sherman personally did anything to Plaintiff. Instead, it in essence only recites the elements of the cause of action: "[Defendant] Sherman . . . failed to adequately train his staff for medical emergency response. He failed to properly supervise his subordinates" and as a result Plaintiff suffered injury. (ECF No. 25, p. 8). This is insufficient.
Further, even if the Court were to consider Plaintiff's new allegation listed in his opposition to Defendants' motion to dismiss (ECF No. 65), the claim would still fail. In Plaintiff's opposition, he states that Defendant Sherman initiated a policy for officers and superiors to "disregard medical attention prisoners." (
The Due Process Clause protects prisoners from being deprived of liberty without due process of law.
Plaintiff also alleges that his Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection was violated. The equal protection clause requires that persons who are similarly situated be treated alike.
While Plaintiff's alleges Fourteenth Amendment violations, the complaint states no facts that show Plaintiff experienced a due process or equal protection violation. The complaint simply states that Plaintiff's rights to due process and equal protection were violated. Plaintiff's complaint fails to allege any facts that show he was treated differently from similarly situated individuals, or that he was deprived of any right without due process of law. The conclusory statements in the seconded amended complaint are not enough to state a claim under the Fourteenth Amendment. Accordingly, Plaintiff fails to state a claim for violation of the equal protection clause or the due process clause as to any defendant and the Fourteenth Amendment claims should be dismissed.
Accordingly, based on the foregoing,
These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Court Judge assigned to this action pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1). Within
IT IS SO ORDERED.