KENDALL J. NEWMAN, Magistrate Judge.
On July 16, 2015, this case was before the undersigned to address defendant Sierra Pacific Mortgage Company, Inc.'s ("defendant") motion to compel further discovery responses and plaintiff JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.'s ("plaintiff") motion to quash defendant's June 16, 2015 Rule 30(b)(6) Notice of Deposition and for a protective order. (ECF Nos. 46, 51.) Attorney Gregory Sudbury appeared for plaintiff. Attorney Jonathan Jenkins appeared for defendant. Based on the parties' motions, joint statements, other relevant filings, and oral arguments, and for the reasons discussed below and on the record during the hearing, the court grants both of the parties' motions in part.
Through this motion, defendant seeks to compel plaintiff to provide supplemental responses to defendant's interrogatory numbers 19 and 20, and request for production numbers 4, 6, 7, and 9.
As an initial matter, defendant requests that the court judicially notice 17 documents that defendant claims support its position with respect to the two discovery motions currently before the court. (ECF Nos. 48, 58.) Specifically, defendant requests that the court take judicial notice of the following:
1) A copy of the November 19, 2013 settlement agreement between plaintiff's JP Morgan Chase and Company, the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ"), the Federal Housing Finance Agency, and the Attorney Generals of California, Delaware, Illinois, and Massachusetts;
2) The Statement of Facts to the November 19, 2013 settlement;
3) A list of the securitizations covered by the November 19, 2013 settlement that was attached to the settlement document;
4) A copy of portions of the Form 10-D filed with the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission ("SEC") by J.P. Morgan Alternative Loan Trust 2007-A2 on December 4, 2007;
5) A copy of portions of the Form 10-D filed with the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission ("SEC") by J.P. Morgan Alternative Loan Trust 2007-S1 on December 4, 2007;
6) A copy of a document captioned "Stipulated Order Further Extending Production Deadline Set on October 17, 2013" ("Stipulated Order"), filed on or about November 15, 2013, in
7) A copy of a subsequent (Redacted) Motion to Compel Compliance with the Court's October 17, 2013 Order, filed against JP Morgan Chase and Company on or about November 26, 2013, in the FHLB Action ("FHLB Motion");
8) A copy of the Affidavit of Dana A. Yealy (without attachments), filed on or about November 15, 2013, in the FHLB Action;
9) A copy of the Affidavit of Alyssa Kelman (without attachments, redactions in original), filed on or about November 15, 2013, in the FHLB Action;
10) A copy of a Notice of Motion filed on or about May 29, 2015, in the case
11) A copy of the Memorandum of Law filed with and in support of the Respondent-Investor Motion;
12) A copy of a press release issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") on or about October 25, 2013;
13) A copy of a press release issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") on or about October 25, 2013;
14) A copy of a Settlement Agreement and Release dated October 25, 2013 ("FHFA Settlement"), which resolved, among other things, the action captioned
15) A copy of the March 28, 2014 Joint Status Report filed by the parties in this action (ECF No. 29);
16) A copy of relevant excerpts from the June 13, 2012 Amended Complaint filed against plaintiff, plaintiff's parent company, JP Morgan Mortgage Acquisition Corporation ("JPMMAC") and other JP Morgan affiliates in the FHFA Action; and
17) A copy of a Memorandum of Law in support of a Motion for Severance filed on September 9, 2013, in the FHFA Action by various JP Morgan defendants, including plaintiff. (ECF Nos. 48, 58.)
A judicially noticed fact must be one not subject to reasonable dispute in that it is either (1) generally known within the territorial jurisdiction of the trial court or (2) capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned." Fed. R. Evid. 201(b) (1984). "A court shall take judicial notice if requested by a party and supplied with the necessary information." Fed. R. Evid. 201(d) (1984). Judicially noticed facts often consist of matters of public record, such as prior court proceedings,
Here, while all of the documents defendant requests are either documents filed in another court action or publically available on the websites of various government agencies, thus generally making them of a type that is judicially noticeable, it is clear that plaintiff disputes the contents of these documents that defendant seeks to have judicially noticed. Because of this dispute, defendant's requests are improper.
Plaintiff further disputes the facts defendant seeks to establish through many of its requests for judicial notice, namely defendant's request for the court to take judicial notice of documents relating to the November 2013 settlement in order to establish that at least some of the loans at issue in this action were securitized, by providing evidence to the contrary. Specifically, plaintiff provides evidence supporting its assertion that none of the loans at issue in this action were securitized. (
Furthermore, defendant seeks primarily to have the contents of the 17 documents noticed as fact, rather than just the existence and authenticity of these documents, in order to prove the relevance of certain discovery it seeks to compel. In particular, defendant seeks judicial notice of the contents of filings and settlement agreements that were made in other actions unrelated to the current case. "As a general rule, a court may not take judicial notice of proceedings or records in another cause so as to supply, without formal introduction of evidence, facts essential to support a contention in a cause then before it."
First, defendant requests that the court compel plaintiff to provide supplemental responses to defendant's interrogatory numbers 19 and 20. During the hearing on defendant's motion, the court conducted an in-camera review of the bates-stamped documents plaintiff references in its response to these interrogatories. Based on this review, the court determines that, for the reasons discussed on the record during the hearing, plaintiff's responses to both interrogatories are fully responsive. Accordingly, defendant's motion to compel further responses to interrogatory numbers 19 and 20 is denied.
Second, defendant requests that the court compel plaintiff to produce documents responsive to defendant's request for production number 4. As noted by the court at the hearing, the documents defendant requests, namely the buying guides issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that cover the time period during which plaintiff resold the loans at issue to these agencies, are relevant to the claims and affirmative defenses asserted in this action. Plaintiff's current response to this request fails to provide these documents to defendant. Accordingly, defendant's motion as to this request is granted insofar as it concerns plaintiff's representations and warranties made to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
The court is cognizant that some of the documents defendant seeks through this request with regard to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac may not be within plaintiff's direct control. However, given the relevance of these documents, plaintiff's counsel is directed to make a good faith effort to obtain the responsive buying guides from these agencies that are not already available to plaintiff and shall include a declaration along with plaintiff's production of the responsive documents it is able to obtain and produce detail concerning what, if any, responsive documents it was unable to procure from these agencies and why such information is not within plaintiff's custody or control.
However, given plaintiff's motion to amend its complaint currently pending before the District Judge, which seeks to dismiss plaintiff's claims related to 6 out of the 18 loans in this action including all of the loans plaintiff purportedly sold to its subsidiary JPMMAC, defendant's request for documents relating to plaintiff's representations and warranties to JPMMAC may become irrelevant to the issues in this action. Accordingly, defendant's motion to compel is denied without prejudice to later renewal if plaintiff's motion to amend is denied with regard to the loans it sold to JPMMAC.
Fourth, defendant requests the court to compel plaintiff to produce the settlement agreements it entered into with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in October of 2013 that resolved these agencies' whole loan repurchase demands. Defendant argues that these documents are relevant to this litigation because any settlement proceeds may have covered payments plaintiff made to these third party entities with respect to some of the loans for which plaintiff now seeks damages in this action. Plaintiff contends that it fully repaid all of the loans at issue in this action that were sold to these agencies prior to the time these two settlement agreements were entered into, therefore making the agreements irrelevant to the parties' claims or defenses because the agreements covered only outstanding repurchase demands. However, as defendant's counsel noted on the record at the hearing, there is some suggestion that both of these settlement agreements included amounts that were credited back to plaintiff with regard to loans for which plaintiff had already reimbursed these agencies. Accordingly, defendant's request to compel plaintiff to produce these settlement agreements is denied, but without prejudice to later renewal if it is later determined that at least some of the money credited back to plaintiff under these agreements was for any of the loans at issue in this action. Furthermore, plaintiff's counsel shall inquire with his client as to whether any the loans at issue were covered under the "credit back" provisions of these settlement agreements and, by no later than August 12, 2015, provide defendant with a declaration stating whether any of the loans at issue fell within these provisions.
Finally, defendant requests the court to compel plaintiff to provide documents relating to any reviews and audits of the loans at issue that were conducted by either plaintiff or a third party on plaintiff's behalf. As noted on the record at the hearing, the parties have stipulated to limiting this request to only pre-purchase reviews and audits, for which plaintiff claims it has no responsive documents. Defendant's motion to compel is granted as to this narrowed request for pre-purchase reviews and audits. If plaintiff does not have any documents responsive to this request, then it shall provide defendant with a verified response stating that it does not have any responsive documents that includes a very brief explanation as to why such pre-purchase reviews and audits were not done.
Also before the court is plaintiff's motion to quash portions of defendant's June 16, 2015 Rule 30(b)(6) notice of deposition and for a protective order preventing defendant from engaging in any further discovery as to the quashed subject matters. Plaintiff asserts that 6 separate areas of inquiry described in defendant's Rule 30(B)(6) notice should be either quashed or limited.
"A party may, by oral questions, depose any person, including a party, without leave of court except as provided in Rule 30(a) (2)," and "[t]he deponent's attendance may be compelled by subpoena under Rule 45." Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(a)(1). A nonparty may also be compelled to produce documents and tangible things via a Rule 45 subpoena. Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(c). Rule 45 permits a party to issue a "subpoena commanding the person to whom it is directed to attend and give testimony or to produce and permit inspection of designated records or things." Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(a)(1)(C). The recipient may object to a subpoena, or move to quash or modify it. Fed. R. Civ. P. 45(c)(2)-(c)(3).
Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c)(1)(B) "[t]he court may, for good cause, issue an order to protect a party or person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense, including . . . specifying terms, including time and place, for the disclosure or discovery." "Subsection (c) [of Rule 26] underscores the extensive control that district courts have over the discovery process," thus "a court may be as inventive as the necessities of a particular case require in order to achieve the benign purposes of the rule."
As an initial matter, the court denies plaintiff's request for a protective order as to all of the subject matters for which it seeks to prevent defendant from inquiring. Plaintiff fails to show a specific prejudice or harm will result if a protective order is not granted broadly preventing defendant from requesting any discovery as to the topics plaintiff identifies in its motion.
First, plaintiff argues that defendant's definition of "Subject Loans" in its notice of deposition is too broad because it includes loans that are not at issue and still includes the 6 loans for which plaintiff is seeking to dismiss its claims through its pending motion to amend. The court agrees with plaintiff's argument insofar as defendant's definition concerns loans outside of the 18 loans at issue in this action; questions as to loans for which plaintiff may later bring an action against defendant that are not already at issue in this action are irrelevant to the issues in this case. Accordingly, the court grants plaintiff's motion to quash insofar as defendant's definition of "Subject Loans" includes loans not currently at issue in this action.
However, the court denies plaintiff's request to quash insofar as it seeks to limit defendant from inquiring into information related to the 6 loans plaintiff seeks to dismiss from this case through its motion to amend. If plaintiff's motion to amend is denied, then information related to these loans is undoubtedly discoverable. Furthermore, even if plaintiff's motion to amend is granted in full, defendant is still entitled to engage in at least some questioning regarding how plaintiff originally and subsequently calculated the amounts it lost on these loans insofar as that information is relevant to the 12 loans that remain. Such information would be relevant to plaintiff's claim for damages, especially since plaintiff now seeks to dismiss the 6 loans based on the alleged recent discovery that it did not suffer any damages as to these loans.
Second, plaintiff argues that defendant's definition of "You" or "Your" in its notice of deposition is overly broad to the extent that it includes entities that are legally distinct from plaintiff, such as its corporate parent, subsidiaries, and sister companies. Plaintiff claims that this definition would extend discovery into irrelevant actions taken by entities that are neither parties to the contract at issue nor this litigation. For the reasons discussed on the record during hearing, plaintiff's request to limit this definition is denied. However, as the parties acknowledged during the hearing, questioning as to the actions of entities other than plaintiff should be limited only to inquiries that are relevant to the loans at issue and the parties' current contractual dispute. Plaintiff may object to any questioning as to other entities that fall outside the scope of the issues presented by this action and is permitted to have its corporate designees claim a lack of knowledge as to questions regarding these other entities provided that such a claim is made in good faith.
Third, plaintiff requests the court to quash defendant's subject number one, which requests information regarding plaintiff's corporate structure and its current and historical relationships and interactions with a number of other companies affiliated under the JP Morgan Chase and Company corporate umbrella. Plaintiff asserts that such a request is too broad and could include inquiries into topics that are completely irrelevant to the issues in this action. However, information as to plaintiff's corporate structure, the larger structure of its corporate parent, and plaintiff's interactions with other companies within that structure is relevant insofar as it relates to plaintiff's handling of the loans at issue in this action after it purchased them from defendant. Accordingly, plaintiff's motion to quash this topic is denied. However, as noted at the hearing, defendant's inquiries into this subject matter should be limited to only obtaining information that is relevant to the loans at issue and the parties' current contractual dispute. If during a deposition defendant asks questions as to this subject that are beyond the scope of relevance as to the issues in this case, then plaintiff may make good faith objections based on relevance or lack of knowledge.
Fourth, plaintiff argues that defendant's topics related to plaintiff's October 2013 settlements with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and the U.S. Attorney's Draft Complaint regarding plaintiff's corporate parent and "affiliated JP Morgan entities" are not relevant because none of these documents concern the loans at issue in this action. However, plaintiff's request to quash this topic is denied without prejudice because limited inquiry into whether any of the loans at issue were securitized or otherwise fell within the scope of the settlement agreements and/or the Draft Complaint is warranted as it could lead to the discovery of evidence relevant to defendant's affirmative defenses based on causation. Accordingly, defendant may engage in a limited inquiry into whether any of the loans at issue in this action were in fact securitized by plaintiff in order to determine whether there is a basis for further discovery of documents, such as the settlement agreements and the Draft Complaint, and other information related to plaintiff's conduct involving residential mortgage-backed securities as it relates to the loans at issue in this action.
Fifth, plaintiff requests the court to quash defendant's subject number 4, which includes multiple subtopics all related to plaintiff's participation in the securitization of the loans at issue. As with the other discovery issues presented by the parties through their motions regarding discovery of information related to the securitization of the loans at issue, defendant may conduct a limited inquiry into whether any of the loans at issue were in fact securitized by plaintiff and of the details surrounding the securitization and sale of those securitized loans. Accordingly, plaintiff's motion to quash as to this topic is denied without prejudice.
Finally, plaintiff requests that the court quash defendant's subject number 5, which requests information regarding plaintiff's servicing of the loans at issue, including information concerning a March 2015 settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice regarding bankruptcy court payment change notices and the National Mortgage Settlement of 2012 to which plaintiff was a party. This request is denied without prejudice. However, defendant's examination as to this topic during the Rule 30(b)(6) depositions should be limited to only questions regarding plaintiff's servicing of the loans at issue in this action.
For the reasons discussed above and on the record at the hearing, the parties' motions are GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. It is HEREBY ORDERED that:
1. Defendant's motion to compel (ECF No. 46) is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part:
a. Defendant's motion is denied as to the request to compel plaintiff to supplement its responses to interrogatory numbers 19 and 20.
b. Defendant's motion is granted as to the request to compel plaintiff to supplement its response to defendant's request for production number 4 insofar as it seeks the buying guides issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that cover the time period during which plaintiff resold the loans at issue to these agencies. Plaintiff shall include a declaration along with its production of the responsive documents it is able to obtain and produce detail concerning what, if any, responsive documents it was unable to procure from these agencies and why such information is not within plaintiff's custody or control. This request is denied without prejudice insofar as it seeks to obtain documents relevant to plaintiff's sale of loans to JPMMAC.
c. Defendant's motion is denied without prejudice as to the request to compel plaintiff to supplement its response to defendant's request for production number 6.
d. Defendant's motion is denied without prejudice as to the request to compel plaintiff to supplement its response to defendant's request for production number 7.
e. Defendant's motion is granted as to the request to compel plaintiff to supplement its response to defendant's request for production number 9 insofar as it concerns the narrowed request for pre-purchase reviews and audits to which the parties stipulated during the hearing on this matter. If plaintiff does not have any documents responsive to this request, then it shall provide defendant with a verified response stating that it does not have any responsive documents that includes a very brief explanation as to why such pre-purchase reviews and audits were not conducted.
2. Plaintiff's motion to quash and for a protective order (ECF No. 51) is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part:
a. Plaintiff's motion for a protective order is denied.
b. Plaintiff's motion to quash as to the first issue the parties identify in their joint statement as to this motion (ECF No. 59) is granted insofar as defendant's definition of "Subject Loans" includes loans not currently at issue in this action. However, plaintiff's request to limit the definition of "Subject Loans" is denied insofar as it seeks to limit defendant from inquiring into information related to the 6 loans plaintiff seeks to dismiss from this case through its pending motion to amend its complaint.
c. Plaintiff's motion to quash as to the second issue the parties identify in their joint statement as to this motion is denied. However, deposition questioning as to the actions of entities other than plaintiff should be limited only to inquiries that are relevant to the loans at issue and the parties' current contractual dispute.
d. Plaintiff's motion to quash as to the third issue the parties identify in their joint statement as to this motion is denied. However, deposition questioning as to this subject matter should be limited to only information that is relevant to the loans at issue and the parties' current contractual dispute.
e. Plaintiff's motion to quash as to the fourth and fifth issues the parties identify in their joint statement as to this motion is denied without prejudice. The parties may engage in limited deposition questioning regarding whether any of the loans at issue in this action were in fact securitized by plaintiff and information related to plaintiff's conduct involving residential mortgage-backed securities to the extent it concerns the loans at issue in this action.
f. Plaintiff's motion to quash as to the sixth issue the parties identify in their joint statement as to this motion is denied without prejudice. However, deposition examination regarding this topic should be limited to only questions regarding plaintiff's servicing of the loans at issue in this action.
3. Plaintiff's counsel shall inquire with his client as to whether any of the loans at issue were covered under the "credit back" provisions of plaintiff's October 2013 settlement agreements with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and, by no later than August 12, 2015, provide defendant with a declaration stating whether any of the loans at issue fell within these provisions.