ROBERT E. BLACKBURN, District Judge.
This matter is before me on the
I have jurisdiction over this case under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question) and 28 U.S.C. § 1367 (supplemental).
On December 30, 2014, a state court granted to defendant U.S. Bank an order authorizing a public trustee sale under Rule 120 of the Colorado Rules of Civil Procedure. In essence, the public trustee sale is a substantial step in the effort of U.S. Bank to foreclose on the home owned by the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs contend the Rule 120 order was sought and granted improperly because U.S. Bank and its attorneys did not provide credible evidence to show U.S. Bank had standing to seek relief under Rule 120. The plaintiffs contend U.S. Bank does not have the authority to initiate foreclosure proceedings against the property of the plaintiffs because the Promissory Note, Deed of Trust, and Assignment on which U.S. Bank relied in the Rule 120 proceeding are fraudulent and spurious. Motion [#2], pp. 1-2.
Attached to the complaint [#1] are multiple copies of these documents. The plaintiffs provide what they say are certified copies of the documents provided by their title company. Complaint, pp. 24-27. The plaintiffs provide also copies of the documents provided to them in a 2013 foreclosure action, with two debt collection letters, and in a different civil action which is not detailed in the complaint. Some of the document packets contain a document captioned "Corporate Assignment of Deed of Trust," which indicates that the relevant deed of trust was assigned to U.S. Bank National Association. See, e.g., CM/ECF p. 32. The plaintiffs allege that there are differences between the certified copies provided by their title company and the copies relied on by U.S. Bank. These differences, the plaintiffs contend, establish a prima facie case of fraud, create due process concerns, and raise serious constitutional questions. Complaint [#1], p. 16.
The plaintiffs do not cite, either in their complaint [#1] or their motion [#2], any specific relevant differences in the various sets of documents. Rather, they rely on their conclusory assertion that there are relevant differences. The court has reviewed the sets of documents attached to the complaint [#1] and does not find any readily apparent differences which tend to show that U.S. Bank relied on invalid documents, or valid documents which do not show that U.S. Bank has standing in the Rule 120 proceeding. There are some readily apparent differences between and among the sets of documents provided by the plaintiffs. Those readily apparent differences, however, appear to arise from processing and transfer of the rights reflected in the original documents.
Because the plaintiffs are proceeding pro se, I have construed their motion and the related filings more liberally and held them to a less stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.
A temporary restraining order or preliminary injunction is extraordinary relief. A party seeking such relief must show: (1) a substantial likelihood that the movant will prevail eventually on the merits; (2) that the movant will suffer imminent and irreparable injury unless the injunction issues; (3) that the threatened injury to the movant outweighs whatever damage the proposed injunction may cause the opposing party; (4) that the injunction, if issued, would not be adverse to the public interest.
I find and conclude that the plaintiffs have not demonstrated a substantial likelihood that they eventually will prevail on the merits of one or more of their claims. This is true because, even when construed liberally, the complaint [#1] and the motion [#2] do not allege specific facts which make it plausible that the plaintiffs can prove that U.S. Bank does not have standing to pursue relief under Rule 120 against the plaintiffs.
Fed. R. Civ. P. 8 and 12, as construed by the courts, provide the basic standards for pleading a claim. A complaint must, at minimum, "`contain[ ] enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'"
Of course, no motion to dismiss has been filed in this case. Still, I must consider the allegations of the plaintiffs by the standards cited above to determine if they have demonstrated a substantial likelihood that they eventually will prevail on the merits of one or more of their claims. In this case, as the first step in demonstrating a substantial likelihood of success, the plaintiffs must point to one or more specific aspects of the relevant documents to show that U.S. Bank does not have proper standing in the Rule 120 proceeding. The plaintiffs cite no such specific facts. Rather, without reliance on specific facts, the plaintiffs claim in a conclusory fashion that the documents are fraudulent and U.S. Bank did not have standing in the Rule 120 proceeding. Such vague generalities do not demonstrate a substantial likelihood of success on the merits. Rather, they show only a claim readily subject to a motion to dismiss. This is not to say that the plaintiffs cannot allege and circumstantiate such specific facts. Possibly, they can do so. At this point, however, the plaintiffs have provided only insufficient vague generalities.
When the moving party has established that the three harm factors tip decidedly in favor of the movant, the probability of success requirement is somewhat relaxed, and the movant need only show questions going to the merits so serious, substantial, difficult, and doubtful as to make them a fair ground for litigation.
I note also that the plaintiffs appear to seek an ex parte temporary restraining order. There is no indication that the defendants have been served with a summons and complaint. Additionally, the plaintiffs filed this case and their motion just a few days before the scheduled public trustee sale. This timing would make it essentially impossible for the defendants to be served with time to file a response in advance of the sale.
The plaintiffs have failed to comply with D.C.COLO.LCivR 65.1. For ex parte applications, Local Rule 65.1(a) provides that a motion shall be accompanied by a certificate of counsel or a pro se party attesting that (1) actual notice of the time of filing the motion, and copies of all pleadings and papers filed in the action to date or to be presented to the court at the hearing, have been furnished to the adverse party; or (2) the moving party has made efforts to give such notice and furnish such copies. "Except as provided by Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b)(1), the court will not consider an ex parte motion for temporary restraining order." D.C.COLO. LCivR 65.1(a)(2). Although the court must liberally construe pro se filings, pro se status does not excuse the obligation of any litigant to comply with the same rules of procedure that govern other litigants.
Again in a conclusory fashion, and citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(a) and D.C.COLO. LCivR 7.1(a), the plaintiffs claim they gave notice to the adverse parties through a law firm. Motion [#2], p. 2. However, they do not specify that they gave the opposing parties actual notice of the time of filing the motion and copies of all pleadings and papers filed in the action to date. Further, there is no indication that the law firm cited represents the Public Trustee of Custer County, Colorado, a defendant named in the complaint [#1]. Should the plaintiffs file a subsequent motion for ex parte injunctive relief, they must comply with these requirements.
The plaintiffs have not shown a substantial likelihood that they eventually will prevail on the merits of any one or more of their claims. Absent such a showing, consideration of the other factors relevant to a motion for temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction is obviated. Further, the plaintiffs have not complied with the important procedural requirements of D.C.COLO.LCivR 65.1. On both substantive and procedural grounds, their motion for injunctive relief must be denied.