RANDOLPH D. MOSS, United States District Judge.
Plaintiff Stephen A. Maybank, a logistics management specialist with the United States Army Corps of Engineers, brings this action against the United States Army under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. Maybank alleges that the Army retaliated against him for his prior complaint of race discrimination by denying him a promotion. See Dkt. 7. In addition, Maybank requests that the Court enter "default summary judgment" in his favor and award sanctions against the Army for its alleged failure to comply with regulations governing how it was to process the Equal Employment Opportunity ("EEO") complaint Maybank filed after he was passed over for the promotion. See id. at 18-20. The Army, in turn, moves to dismiss Maybank's complaint for failure to exhaust administrative remedies. Dkt. 10. It contends that, after Maybank requested a hearing before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC"), he was required to wait 180 days before filing a suit in federal court — a starting gun he jumped by initiating this action at least a month before that period elapsed. Id. at 8-10.
Because the Court concludes that Maybank failed to wait the statutorily mandated 180 days between requesting a hearing before the EEOC and filing suit, the Court will dismiss Maybank's amended complaint without prejudice and will deny his motion for "default summary judgment" and sanctions as moot.
For purposes of the pending motion to dismiss, the Court will assume the truth of
On November 6, 2014, Maybank filed an EEO complaint with the Department of the Army for "race discrimination in regards to the selection process for a GS-14 position." Dkt. 7 at 6. Maybank and the Army settled Maybank's administrative claim the next month, and, as part of the settlement, the Army "agreed to provide [Maybank] with a desk audit to assess whether or not his accreted duties qualified him for promotion to the GS-14 grade level."
On March 22, 2016, Maybank sent a letter to the Army's EEO office notifying it that the "180 day deadline to complete the investigation into [his] EEO [c]omplaint [had] expired on or around December 10, 2015;" "request[ing] an EEOC hearing to address his EEO [c]omplaint;" and seeking entry of "a default judgment against [Defendant]." Dkt. 1-4 at 3-4. A month later, the Army "provided a copy of the investigative file" to Maybank and advised him that he had 30 calendar days to
Under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c), a federal employee "may file a civil action" "after [180] days from the filing" of a request for a hearing before the EEOC. Here, the Army asserts that because Maybank waited, at most, 148 days before filing suit, he failed to exhaust his administrative remedies before filing suit, and the Court should dismiss the action as premature. As explained below, the Court agrees.
"Title VII permits an aggrieved federal employee to file a civil action in the district court 180 days after the filing of a charge with the EEOC, when the EEOC has taken no final action." Murthy v. Vilsack, 609 F.3d 460, 464 (D.C. Cir. 2010). As the D.C. Circuit has explained, the "180-day waiting period in section 2000e-16(c)... is part of Title VII's `careful blend of administrative and judicial enforcement powers,'" id. at 465 (quoting Brown v. Gen. Servs. Admin., 425 U.S. 820, 832, 96 S.Ct. 1961, 48 L.Ed.2d 402 (1976)); it reflects Congress's decision to "allow a period for the EEOC to investigate and attempt to resolve charges through conciliation," id. at 465. The waiting period is a "mandatory" requirement, and a Title VII plaintiff cannot "avoid the consequences" of a prematurely filed civil complaint or "cure his failure to exhaust" by simply "filing ... an amended complaint after the 180-day period [has] expired." Id. Rather, when faced with a prematurely filed complaint, the "district court [must] dismiss the complaint without prejudice," and the prospective plaintiff may then re-file his complaint once the 180-day period has elapsed.
Although conceding that he filed suit before the 180-day waiting period expired, Maybank contends that the Army should be estopped from raising a timeliness defense because it, too, failed to comply with the regulatory deadlines — in the case of the Army, it failed to complete its administrative investigation within 180 days as required by 29 C.F.R. §§ 1614.106(e)(2), and 1614.108(f). The Court understands the incongruity of the circumstances Maybank confronts, but neither Title VII nor any judicial precedent cited by Maybank or located by the Court permits the Court to ignore a plaintiff's failure to comply with the 180-day waiting period merely because the defendant agency failed to comply with an entirely separate
"Congress has not authorized, either expressly or impliedly, a cause of action against the EEOC for the EEOC's alleged negligence or other malfeasance in processing an employment discrimination charge," Smith v. Casellas, 119 F.3d 33, 34 (D.C. Cir. 1997) (per curiam)), and, similarly, an agency's "alleged failure to follow the EEOC regulations regarding the administrative processing of [a] claim is not actionable," Nichols, 2015 WL 9581799, at *13. The logic of this rule is straightforward: Congress and the EEOC carefully crafted the procedures and remedies applicable under Title VII, and it is not the role of the courts to strike a different balance. See Smith, 119 F.3d at 34 (explaining that the ability to "bring a Title VII action directly against his or her employer ... serve[s] as [a complainant's] remedy for any improper handling of a discrimination charge by the EEOC"). The same logic extends to the present circumstances. The EEOC created the controlling remedy for an agency's failure to complete its investigation within 180 days: The complainant may either (1) request a hearing on his complaint before the EEOC without waiting any longer for the agency to complete its investigation, 29 C.F.R. § 1614.108(h), or (2) file a civil action in federal court, id. § 1614.407(b). Here, Maybank elected to seek a hearing before the EEOC, see Dkt. 1-4 at 7, and, as a result, he was required to provide the EEOC with 180 days to act on his complaint before bringing suit. It is not for the Court to fashion a further remedy for the Army's failure to complete its investigation within 180 days by permitting Maybank to bring an otherwise premature civil action.
For these reasons, the Court will
A separate order will issue.