BETH BLOOM, District Judge.
This action stems from Seterus's servicing of a residential mortgage loan. Mr. Little executed a note payable to Lehman Brothers Bank, FSB in the original principal amount of $315,000, ECF No. [69-1] at 7-15 (the "Loan"). See Seterus's Statement of Material Facts ("Def. SOMF"), ECF No. [69] ¶ 1.
In the present case, Plaintiffs assert claims against Seterus for violations of the FDCPA, FCCPA, breach of contract, and negligence. See ECF No. [1] ("Complaint"). The claims stem from multiple alleged discrepancies in their account resulting from Seterus's improper escrow analysis beginning in September, 2015. Def. SOMF ¶ 15. Mr. Little first noticed a discrepancy in his account statement in July, 2015. Def. SOMF ¶ 17; Pl. SOMF ¶ 17. However, Plaintiffs assert that although they were aware of a significant misapplication of funds with respect to their escrow account, they were lead to believe by Seterus's December 2015 account statement that the error had been corrected. Pl. SOMF ¶ 22. Nevertheless, the discrepancies varied and continued to occur from December, 2015 through the start of this year. Id. ¶ 17. As a result of the repeated uncertainties with respect to their loan, Plaintiffs have experienced mental and physical distress. Id. ¶¶ 25-27.
A party may obtain summary judgment "if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). The parties may support their positions by citation to the record, including inter alia, depositions, documents, affidavits, or declarations. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). An issue is genuine if "a reasonable trier of fact could return judgment for the non-moving party." Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Fla. v. United States, 516 F.3d 1235, 1243 (11th Cir. 2008) (quoting Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48 (1986)). A fact is material if it "might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law." Id. (quoting Anderson, 477 U.S. at 247-48). The Court views the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and draws all reasonable inferences in the non-moving party's favor. See Davis v. Williams, 451 F.3d 759, 763 (11th Cir. 2006). "The mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the plaintiff's position will be insufficient; there must be evidence on which a jury could reasonably find for the plaintiff." Anderson, 477 U.S. at 252. Further, the Court does not weigh conflicting evidence. See Skop v. City of Atlanta, Ga., 485 F.3d 1130, 1140 (11th Cir. 2007) (quoting Carlin Comm'n, Inc. v. S. Bell Tel. & Tel. Co., 802 F.2d 1352, 1356 (11th Cir. 1986)).
The moving party shoulders the initial burden of showing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Shiver v. Chertoff, 549 F.3d 1342, 1343 (11th Cir. 2008). Once this burden is satisfied, "the nonmoving party `must do more than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts.'" Ray v. Equifax Info. Servs., L.L.C., 327 F. App'x 819, 825 (11th Cir. 2009) (quoting Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L. Ed. 2d 538 (1986)). Instead, "the non-moving party `must make a sufficient showing on each essential element of the case for which he has the burden of proof.'" Id. (quoting Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986)). Accordingly, the non-moving party must produce evidence, going beyond the pleadings, and by its own affidavits, or by depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, designating specific facts to suggest that a reasonable jury could find in the non-moving party's favor. Shiver, 549 F.3d at 1343. Even "where the parties agree on the basic facts, but disagree about the factual inferences that should be drawn from those facts," summary judgment may be inappropriate. Warrior Tombigbee Transp. Co., Inc. v. M/V Nan Fung, 695 F.2d 1294, 1296 (11th Cir. 1983). It is through this lens that the Court analyzes the instant Motion.
Seterus advances four principal arguments in support of summary judgment. First, Seterus argues that Mr. Little's claims are barred by the releases contained in the Settlement Agreement. Next, Seterus argues that the Littles' breach of contract claim fails for lack of damages. Third, Seterus argues that the Littles' negligence claim fails because Seterus did not owe them a duty under the Loan Modification Agreement. Finally, Seterus argues that Mrs. Little lacks standing to assert any claims because she was not a party to the Loan or the Loan Modification Agreement.
It is undisputed that Mr. Little signed a general release of claims with respect to the Prior Litigation. "Releases are a form of contract, and therefore, must be interpreted pursuant to contract law." Allapattah Servs., Inc. v. Exxon Corp., 188 F.R.D. 667, 682 (S.D. Fla. 1999) (internal citations omitted). "A party is bound by, and a court is powerless to rewrite, the clear and unambiguous terms of a voluntary contract." Mergens v. Dreyfoos, 166 F.3d 1114, 1117 (11th Cir. 1999) (quoting Med. Ctr. Health Plan v. Brick, 572 So.2d 548, 551 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)). The Settlement Agreement states, in pertinent part, as follows:
Settlement Agreement ¶ 5. The parties appear to agree that the Settlement Agreement bars any claims that arose up to the time of execution of the Agreement. See Motion at 6; Response at 4. However, Mr. Little asserts that the release does not include any future acts by Seterus. The Court disagrees. The Settlement Agreement goes on to state in no uncertain terms that,
Settlement Agreement ¶ 5 (emphasis added). In the Response, the Littles do not address directly this language regarding the release of future claims, but instead attempt to cabin their claims outside the reach of the Settlement Agreement by arguing that the claims are independent from Seterus's original misrepresentation in the July 2015 mortgage statement. The Court is unpersuaded. This action stems from alleged errors contained in Seterus's account statements and the manner in which Seterus applied payments made by the Littles, including escrow analysis, scheduled disbursements, and assessment of fees and charges related to the Loan, which occurred prior to and after execution of the Settlement Agreement. Regardless of the timing of the alleged errors, they are all related. As such, the Littles' FDCPA and FCCPA claims fall squarely within the language of the releases contained within the Settlement Agreement, and are therefore barred. The plain language in the Settlement Agreement compels this result and the Court may not rewrite those terms.
Furthermore, the Court finds that the Littles' breach of contract and negligence claims also fall within the purview of the releases. Under Florida law, "a general release which is not restricted by its terms to particular claims or demands . . . will ordinarily be regarded as embracing all claims or demands which had matured at the time of its execution." Gulf Grp. Holdings, Inc. v. Coast Asset Mgmt. Corp., 516 F.Supp.2d 1253, 1268 (S.D. Fla. 2007) (citing Sottile v. Gaines Constr. Co., 281 So.2d 558, 561 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973) (internal quotations omitted). As stated above, the Littles admittedly became aware of accounting errors upon review of Seterus's July 2015 mortgage statement. See Def. SOMF ¶ 17; Pl. SOMF ¶ 17.
Seterus argues that Mrs. Little lacks standing to assert claims because she is not a party to the Loan or the Loan Modification Agreement and is therefore not a "consumer," as defined under the FDCPA. In response, the Littles argue that Mrs. Little has standing because she is a party to the Mortgage as modified, and that even though she is not a party to the Note, Seterus nevertheless mailed one letter to her threatening foreclosure. Response at 16.
Standing involves constitutional and prudential requirements. Harris v. Evans, 20 F.3d 1118, 1121 (11th Cir. 1994). In order for a plaintiff to have Article III standing, she must make a three-part showing: she has suffered 1) an injury-in-fact, 2) that is fairly traceable to the defendant's actions, and 3) likely to be redressed by a favorable decision. Johnson v. Ocwen Loan Servicing, 374 F. App'x 868, 873 (11th Cir. 2010) (internal citations omitted). Courts also apply prudential limits in addition to the constitutional requirement of standing. In general, a plaintiff "must assert [her] own legal rights and interests, and cannot rest [her] claim to relief on the legal rights or interests of third parties." Valley Forge Christian College v. Ams. United for Separation of Church & State, Inc., 454 U.S. 464, 474 (1982) (quoting Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 499 (1975)). Furthermore, a plaintiff's claim "must fall within the zone of interests to be protected or regulated by the statute . . . in question." Id. at 475 (quoting Assoc. of Data Processing Serv. Orgs. v. Camp, 397 U.S. 150, 153 (1970)).
Here, as in Johnson, Mrs. Little's claim does not fall within the zone of interests to be protected by the FDCPA (or FCCPA
Mortgage at 28 (emphasis added). By the express terms of the Mortgage, Mrs. Little granted or conveyed her interest in the property and was not personally obligated to pay the amounts due under the Loan. As such, the Littles fail to point to a cognizable duty owed to Mrs. Little. In Johnson, the Eleventh Circuit determined that an individual who was not a borrower or otherwise obligated on the subject loan, was not a "consumer" protected by the FDCPA, including sections 1692c-g. 374 F. App'x at 873-74.
The Littles do not address Johnson, but rather argue that Mrs. Little's receipt of one letter with respect to the Loan confers standing, relying on Reese v. Ellis, Painter, Ratterree & Adams, LLP, 678 F.3d 1211, 1217 (11th Cir. 2012). However, the Littles' reliance on Reese is unavailing because, unlike in the case at bar, both plaintiffs in Reese were signatories to the promissory note. 678 F.3d at 1214. Furthermore, the court in Reese specifically drew a distinction between a promissory note—which is a promise to pay a debt—and a security interest—which is given as collateral in the event that a payment obligation is not fulfilled—in determining that the plaintiffs' obligation to pay off the promissory note was a "debt" under the FDCPA. Id. at 1216-17. Here, the relevant issue is not whether there is a "debt," but whether Mrs. Little is a "consumer" to which the FDCPA applies. Pursuant to Johnson, she is not. See also Coburn v. Gonzalez, 141 F.Supp.3d 1339, 1341-42 (S.D. Fla. 2015) (plaintiff lacked standing to sue under FDCPA because she was not a party to the mortgage or promissory note, and therefore not a consumer). The fact that Mrs. Little received one letter from Seterus with respect to the Loan does not make her a "consumer." See Solis v. CitiMortgage, Inc., 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 150517, at *12 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 26, 2016) (where plaintiff, who was current owner of the property, but not a party to the loan, received a letter regarding outstanding amount due on underlying loan and was joined in foreclosure as an indispensable party, plaintiff was not a consumer and lacked standing under the FDCPA).
The Littles fail to establish the requirements for either Article III or prudential standing with respect to the FDCPA, FCCPA, breach of contract
For the reasons set forth above, Seterus's Motion,