Sean H. Lane, UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY JUDGE.
Before the Court is (i) the Debtors' Motion for Entry of an Order Under Bankruptcy Code Sections 105(a) and 363(b) Authorizing Debtors to Enter Into and Perform Under Plan Support Agreement (the "PSA Motion") [ECF No. 1121] and (ii) the Joint Motion of Debtors, Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors, and Senior Lenders for Entry of an Order Approving Settlement Agreement Pursuant to Bankruptcy Rule 9019 (the "Settlement Motion," and together with the PSA Motion, the "Motions") [ECF No. 1122]. For the reasons set forth below, the Court denies the Motions.
On November 2, 2018 (the "Petition Date"), Miami Metals I, Inc. (f/k/a Republic Metals Refining Corporation), Miami Metals II, Inc. (f/k/a Republic Metals Corporation), and Miami Metals III LLC (f/k/a Republic Carbon Company) each filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code in this Court. See, e.g., Chapter 11 Voluntary Petition for Non-Individuals Filing for Bankruptcy [ECF No. 1]. Shortly thereafter, the Court entered an order directing that these cases be jointly administered. See Order Directing Joint Administration of Related Chapter 11 Cases [ECF No. 44]. The remaining Debtors subsequently filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, and these cases were consolidated with the other
Central to these cases are the disputes between the Debtors who refined precious metals and the customers who provided the Debtors with precious metals for refining (the "Customers"). Generally speaking, the Debtors claim that metals delivered by the Customers for refining became estate property while the Customers maintain that the metals remained property of the Customers until such time as the refined metals were sold to a third party or paid for by the Debtors.
On November 19, 2018, the Office of the United States Trustee for the Southern District of New York appointed the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (the "Committee"). See Appointment of Committee [ECF No. 113]. The Committee consists of the following seven Customers: (i) Coeur Rochester, Inc., (ii) Bayside Metal Exchange, (iii) So Accurate Group Inc., (iv) Cyber-Fox Trading, Inc., (v) Minera Triton Argentina S.A., (vi) Pyropure Inc., and (vii) Minera Real de Ora S.A. de C.V. See id.
Pursuant to an order entered by the Court on March 1, 2019, the Committee has standing to investigate, prosecute, settle, or abandon: (i) any and all causes of action and claims arising under Chapter 5 of the Bankruptcy Code or equivalent state fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws and (ii) any and all claims or causes of action on behalf of the Debtors' estates against the Debtors' current and former insiders, entities owned/controlled by or related to such insiders, and/or individuals or entities that may have aided, abetted, participated in or otherwise facilitated misconduct by the Debtors' insiders or their related entities. See Stipulation and Order Granting Standing to the Committee at 2 [ECF No. 696]. Consistent with this authority, the Committee commenced an investigation of the Senior Lenders'
See id. (citing to Settlement Motion ¶ 8).
The Committee has been engaging in discussions with the Senior Lenders since April 2019 regarding a possible global settlement of the Potential Challenges and the exit strategy for these cases. See Greenblatt Decl. ¶ 8. These arm's-length negotiations ultimately resulted in the parties agreeing to the terms of the settlement
Although the Settlement and Plan Support Agreement necessarily effect the rights and recoveries of the Customers, the Customers did not participate in negotiations with the Debtors, Committee, or Senior Lenders in formulating the Settlement or the Plan Support Agreement. See Avila Decl. ¶ 7 (noting that the Senior Lenders and Committee "engaged in several weeks of extensive, arm's-length negotiations, to which the Debtors[] joined more recently," and that such parties' efforts resulted in a "global" settlement). Perhaps not surprisingly then, multiple Customers filed objections to the Motions.
The Court's authority to approve a settlement agreement is set forth in Rule 9019 of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure. See Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9019(a)
In considering whether to approve a proposed settlement, "[i]t is not necessary for the court to conduct a `mini-trial' of the facts or the merits underlying the dispute." In re Adelphia Commc'ns Corp., 327 B.R. 143, 159 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2005). Rather, the court must make an informed and independent judgment as to whether a proposed compromise is "fair and equitable" after apprising itself of "all facts necessary for an intelligent and objective opinion of the probabilities of ultimate success should the claim be litigated." Protective Comm. for Indep. Stockholders of TMT Trailer Ferry, Inc. v. Anderson, 390 U.S. 414, 424, 88 S.Ct. 1157, 20 L.Ed.2d 1 (1968).
In order to assess the fairness and equitability of a proposed settlement, the Second Circuit has articulated certain factors to consider, namely:
Motorola, Inc. v. Official Comm. of Unsecured Creditors (In re Iridium Operating LLC), 478 F.3d 452, 462 (2d Cir. 2007) (quoting In re WorldCom, Inc., 347 B.R. 123, 137 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2006)).
Notwithstanding the above factors, the Second Circuit has explicitly instructed "that when the rights of non-settling parties are implicated by the terms of a settlement, the court cannot approve it without considering the interests of those non-settling parties." Stanwich Fin. Servs. Corp. v. Pardee (In re Stanwich Fin. Servs. Corp.), 377 B.R. 432, 437 (Bankr. D. Conn. 2007) (citing In re Drexel Burnham Lambert Grp., 995 F.2d 1138, 1146-47 (2d Cir. 1993)); see also In re Masters Mates & Pilots Pension Plan & IRAP Litig., 957 F.2d 1020, 1026 (2d Cir. 1992) ("Where the rights of one who is not a party to a settlement are at stake, the fairness of the settlement to the settling parties is not enough to earn the judicial stamp of approval.... [I]f third parties complain to a judge that a decree will be inequitable because it will harm them unjustly, he cannot just brush their complaints aside.").
A bankruptcy court's obligation to protect the interests of affected persons who are not parties to a particular agreement is also recognized in other contexts. See, e.g., In re Biolitec, Inc., 528 B.R. 261 (Bankr. D. N.J. 2014). In Biolitec, the Chapter 11 Trustee filed a motion for entry of an order providing for a structured dismissal
Biolitec, 528 B.R. at 269-70.
In addition to expressing its concerns about impinging on non-settling parties' rights without their consent, the Biolitec court also made clear that it could not approve an outcome-determinative settlement that would have the same effect as a sub rosa plan:
Biolitec, 528 B.R. at 271-72 (internal quotations omitted).
Applying all these principles here, the Court must deny the Motions. In sum, there are two primary problems with the proposed Settlement: (i) potential prejudice to the Customers' rights and (ii) timing. See June 13, 2019 Hr'g Tr. at 93:19-103:10 [ECF No. 1199].
As to the first issue, a key feature of the Settlement is execution of the Plan Support Agreement. See Settlement § 6. The Plan Support Agreement, in turn, is premised on a Plan that will create a reserve of all proceeds generated by the sale of precious-metal inventory other than Undisputed
As to the second issue, the Court is concerned about the timing of the benefits under the Settlement. In short, certain features of the Settlement automatically come into effect on the Settlement Date, whereas others are triggered if and only if the Plan, as set forth under the Plan Support Agreement, is confirmed. The Court is troubled by such sequencing in light of the allegations by certain Customers that the Plan is unconfirmable. See, e.g., Tiffany Objection ¶¶ 11-15. Thus, the current formulation of the Settlement ensures that the Senior Lenders will reap the full benefit of the Settlement on the Settlement Effective Date, regardless of whether or when the Plan is confirmed. See, e.g., Settlement § 4 (Senior Lenders receive the Undisputed Collateral on the Settlement Effective Date); § 7 (Senior Lenders receive release on the Settlement Effective Date). By contrast, the Debtors' estates and Customers will suffer if the Plan fails because their benefits are conditioned on the Plan becoming effective. See, e.g., Plan Term Sheet at 2 ("On the effective date of the Plan, the Secured Parties' Adequate Protection Liens and Adequate Protection Superpriority Claims ... shall be disallowed, waived, and automatically cancelled."); id. ("On the effective date of the Plan, the Secured Parties shall release $2,000,000 of Cash Collateral ... to fund the 503(b)(9) Fund.").
But even beyond these two problems, the Court is concerned about other provisions of the Settlement. For example, there is a provision allowing the proposed Litigation Trust to surcharge Customers under Section 506(c) of the Bankruptcy Code, even though Section 506(c) by its terms applies to property securing an allowed secured claim and not to property that does not belong to the estate at all, such as the property of the Customers. It is unclear what authority exists for such a provision.
Notwithstanding the Court's rejection today of the Settlement and Plan Support
For the reasons stated above, the Court denies the Motions and does not approve the Settlement or the Plan Support Agreement.
The Customers should settle an order on three days' notice. The proposed order should be submitted by filing a notice of the proposed order on the Case Management/Electronic Case Filing docket, with a copy of the proposed order attached as an exhibit to the notice. A copy of the notice and proposed order shall also be served upon counsel to the Debtors, the Senior Lenders, and the Committee.