Petitioner Miguel Saldivar Moran, a native and citizen of Mexico, seeks review of a June 30, 2017, decision of the BIA dismissing his appeal of a September 7, 2016, decision of an Immigration Judge ("IJ") ordering his removal and denying his application for cancellation of removal. In re Miguel Saldivar Moran, No. A 201 241 803 (B.I.A. June 30, 2017), aff'g No. A 201 241 803 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Sept. 7, 2016). We assume the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts and procedural history in this case.
Our jurisdiction to review Saldivar Moran's removal order is limited to de novo review of non-frivolous constitutional claims or questions of law, see 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(2)(D); Pierre v. Holder, 588 F.3d 767, 772 (2d Cir. 2009); Barco-Sandoval v. Gonzales, 516 F.3d 35, 40 (2d Cir. 2008). Accordingly, we may not review Saldivar Moran's challenge to the removal order if it "merely quarrels over the correctness of the factual findings or justification for the discretionary choices." Xiao Ji Chen v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 471 F.3d 315, 329 (2d Cir. 2006).
A nonpermanent resident, such as Saldivar Moran, may have his removal cancelled if he demonstrates that his "removal would result in exceptional and extremely unusual hardship" to his U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse, parent, or child. 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(1)(D). To satisfy this standard, "the hardship to [his] relatives . . . must be `substantially' beyond the ordinary hardship that would be expected when a close family member leaves this country." In re Monreal-Aguinaga, 23 I. & N. Dec. 56, 62 (B.I.A. 2001) (quoting H.R. Conf. Rep. No. 104-828, at 213 (1996)).
Because the BIA only affirmed the IJ's hardship determination, and in doing so relied on a more limited set of factors than the IJ, we have reviewed the IJ's decision as limited by the BIA's analysis. See Xue Hong Yang v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 426 F.3d 520, 522 (2d Cir. 2005). Accordingly, the issue presented is whether Saldivar Moran has identified a non-frivolous constitutional claim or question of law regarding the IJ's hardship determination. We conclude he has not. Although the agency may commit an error of law if it ignores or seriously mischaracterizes material facts, see Mendez v. Holder, 566 F.3d 316, 323 (2d Cir. 2009), the record reflects that the IJ and the BIA properly considered the evidence Saldivar Moran submitted.
Saldivar Moran argues that the IJ improperly speculated that his parents' diabetes and his mother's poor vision are common and usually manageable conditions, and that the IJ could have sought testimony from his parents rather than relying solely on their affidavits, which did not elaborate on the seriousness of their medical conditions. But neither of those arguments shows that the IJ failed to consider or mischaracterized the evidence he submitted. Instead, Saldivar Moran challenges the IJ's factual determination, over which this court has no jurisdiction, Emokah v. Mukasey, 523 F.3d 110, 119 (2d Cir. 2008), and fails to acknowledge that he had the burden to prove that his parents' medical conditions were sufficiently serious, see 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(4)(A), (B) (placing the burden of proving eligibility for relief on the applicant, providing that the IJ may require corroboration of even credible testimony, and requiring the applicant to produce such evidence unless it cannot be reasonably obtained). Although Saldivar Moran's parents did not testify, Saldivar Moran stipulated that they would testify consistently with their affidavits, documents that the IJ identified as exhibits and cited throughout his opinion.
Nor did the agency ignore evidence of Saldivar Moran's parents' or sister's economic or logistical hardships. The IJ acknowledged Saldivar Moran's testimony that his parents would be unable to provide for Roberto because of their health conditions and that his sister's full-time job would make it impossible for her to care for Roberto as well as her own child. But the IJ concluded that Saldivar Moran had not demonstrated that he could not financially support Roberto from Mexico or that his family could not care for Roberto, particularly given that Roberto now lives with his aunt and grandparents whose schedules align with Roberto's. Because the IJ considered the evidence Saldivar Moran claims it did not, he has not identified a non-frivolous question of law for the court's review. See Mendez, 566 F.3d at 323.
Saldivar Moran also claims the IJ failed to conduct adequate factfinding regarding the seriousness of his son's heart murmur. But, again, Saldivar Moran bore the burden of proving that hardship and thus may only argue that the IJ failed to consider or mischaracterize the evidence he offered in support. Here, the IJ considered the only documentation provided of his son's heart condition—an assessment from a social worker—and noted that Saldivar Moran had not produced medical records or a letter from a cardiologist or treating physician to prove his claim. The IJ was permitted to require this documentation. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(4)(B). And because the IJ's conclusion that the evidence of hardship due to that condition was insufficient is another factual determination that we cannot reach, Emokah, 523 F.3d at 119, Saldivar Moran still has not shown reversible error.
Saldivar Moran also asserts that the IJ should not have used his conviction for driving while intoxicated and endangering the welfare of a child—involving his son and others—as evidence of "extremely poor parenting."
To the extent Saldivar Moran also argues that the IJ failed to consider positive representations of his parenting in his family's affidavits, that argument also fails. The IJ cited the affidavits throughout her decision, leaving no doubt that she had reviewed and considered the statements they contain.
For the foregoing reasons, the petition for review is