DRONEY, Circuit Judge:
Defendant-Appellant John Johnson appeals from a judgment of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut (Arterton, J.), imposing a thirty-six-month term of incarceration after Johnson violated a condition of his supervised release. On appeal, Johnson argues that the district court erred in determining the maximum term of incarceration by reference to the classification of his original offense at the time of its commission. Johnson argues that, because the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, Pub.L. No. 111-220, 124 Stat. 2372 ("FSA"), had since amended the statute under which he had been convicted, the district court should have determined the maximum term of incarceration by reference to the post-FSA classification of his offense conduct.
Johnson's challenge is all but foreclosed by our recent decision in United States v. Ortiz, 779 F.3d 176 (2d Cir.2015) (per curiam), in which we held that the penalties applicable when a defendant violates the conditions of supervised release are "determined by reference to the law in effect at the time of the defendant's underlying offense." Id. at 177-78. In light of Ortiz, the sole issue left for us to resolve is whether the Supreme Court's decision in Dorsey v. United States, ___ U.S. ___, 132 S.Ct. 2321, 183 L.Ed.2d 250 (2012), compels a different outcome when the underlying sentence was imposed pre-FSA
Therefore, for the reasons set forth below, we
In 2006, Johnson pled guilty to a single-count indictment charging him with possession with intent to distribute five or more grams of a mixture or substance containing cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(B). The offense carried a forty-year maximum term of imprisonment at the time and was thus a Class B felony. See 18 U.S.C. § 3559(a)(2). The district court sentenced Johnson to 156 months' imprisonment and four years of supervised release. On appeal, we vacated and remanded for resentencing in light of the Supreme Court's intervening decisions in Kimbrough v. United States, 552 U.S. 85, 128 S.Ct. 558, 169 L.Ed.2d 481 (2007), and Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 128 S.Ct. 586, 169 L.Ed.2d 445 (2007). See United States v. Johnson, 259 Fed.Appx. 360 (2d Cir.2008) (summary order). On remand, the district court sentenced Johnson on September 4, 2008, to sixty-one months' imprisonment and five years of supervised release.
In February 2014, while still on supervised release, Johnson was convicted of first-degree assault in Connecticut state court and received an eighteen-year sentence. See Conn. Gen.Stat. § 53a-59. The district court determined that the state assault conviction violated the condition of Johnson's supervised release that he "shall not commit another federal, state or local offense." Judgment in a Criminal Case After Remand at 3, United States v. Johnson, No. 3:05-cr-179 (D.Conn. Sept. 9, 2008), ECF No. 79. The district court then revoked Johnson's supervised release and sentenced him to the three-year statutory maximum term of imprisonment applicable in revocation proceedings when the underlying offense is a Class B felony. See 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3).
"The standard of review on the appeal of a sentence for violation of supervised release is ... the same standard as for sentencing generally: whether the sentence imposed is reasonable." United States v. McNeil, 415 F.3d 273, 277 (2d Cir.2005). In making this determination, issues of law are reviewed de novo. See United States v. Selioutsky, 409 F.3d 114, 119 (2d Cir.2005).
Under 18 U.S.C. § 3559(a), an offense that is not otherwise assigned a specific letter classification by statute is classified as a Class B felony if it carries a maximum prison term of twenty-five or more years, and as a Class C felony if the maximum term is ten years or more (but fewer than twenty-five). 18 U.S.C. § 3559(a)(2)-(3).
Johnson argues that, in light of the enactment of the FSA, the district court should have regarded his underlying conviction as a violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(C) and applied the two-year statutory maximum that applies in revocation proceedings for a Class C felony.
As noted above, we recently held that 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3), which sets forth the penalties for supervised release violations, requires that the district court apply those penalties based on the law as it existed at the time of the underlying offense and not at the time of the supervised release violation. United States v. Ortiz, 779 F.3d 176, 182 (2d Cir.2015) (per curiam).
In Dorsey v. United States, ___ U.S. ___ 132 S.Ct. 2321, 183 L.Ed.2d 250 (2012), the Supreme Court held that the FSA's revised penalties apply to defendants who committed an offense prior to the FSA's effective date but who were not sentenced until after the FSA took effect. Id. at 2326. Prior to Dorsey, our Court had held that the FSA does not apply retroactively to defendants who were both convicted and sentenced prior to the FSA's enactment. See United States v. Diaz, 627 F.3d 930, 931 (2d Cir.2010) (per curiam). Dorsey did not disturb Diaz's holding. See Dorsey, 132 S.Ct. at 2335 (acknowledging that the Court's holding would create a disparity "between those pre-Act offenders
Thus, Johnson's appeal can succeed only if Dorsey's narrow holding applies to him. The question is whether Johnson can properly be deemed a pre-FSA offender who was sentenced subsequent to the FSA's enactment, although here not for the underlying offense but for a supervised release violation. He cannot. Both the Supreme Court and our Court have made clear that a supervised release revocation sanction is not an additional punishment for the underlying conviction, but rather part of the original sentence. See Johnson v. United States, 529 U.S. 694, 700-01, 120 S.Ct. 1795, 146 L.Ed.2d 727 (2000) (noting that double jeopardy is not implicated in revocation proceedings, even if the defendant is separately prosecuted for the conduct triggering the revocation, because "postrevocation sanctions [are] part of the penalty for the initial offense"); United States v. Pettus, 303 F.3d 480, 487 (2d Cir.2002) (noting that, although the initial period of incarceration and the supervised release term are authorized by separate statutes, they constitute a "single sentence for a single offense" such that "the revocation of supervised release is not properly considered a new punishment"); United States v. Amer, 110 F.3d 873, 884 (2d Cir.1997) ("[T]he entire sentence, including the period of supervised release, is the punishment for the original crime, and it is the original sentence that is executed when the defendant is returned to prison after a violation of the terms of his release." (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)).
Johnson's underlying sentence consisted of a sixty-one-month prison term and a choice between (1) complying with the conditions of his supervised release for five years and (2) facing up to an additional three years in prison for violating those conditions. As Amer explains, the revocation proceedings merely execute the previously imposed sentence. See Amer, 110 F.3d at 884. Dorsey is therefore inapplicable; because the underlying sentence included a Class B felony revocation penalty, Johnson continued to be subject to that penalty until the completion of his entire sentence, including the period of supervised release.
The Third Circuit addressed this same issue — and arrived at the same result — in United States v. Turlington, 696 F.3d 425 (3d Cir.2012). There, a defendant sought to have his underlying Class A felony treated as a Class B felony for purposes of his revocation proceedings because of the drug quantity changes in the FSA. See id. at 427. In rejecting the defendant's argument, the court first concluded that § 3583(e)(3) is backward-looking. Id. at 427-28. It then determined that Dorsey did not affect the outcome because the defendant had been convicted and sentenced prior to the FSA's enactment. Id. at 428 ("The fact that [the defendant's] supervised release was revoked after passage of the FSA is of no moment."). Ortiz endorsed Turlington's approach to the § 3583(e)(3) question. See Ortiz, 779 F.3d at 181. With our holding here, we endorse the Third Circuit's view of Dorsey.
Johnson's five-year term of supervised release was imposed based on his conviction for a Class B felony, as were the potential penalties for violations of the conditions of supervised release. He was still subject to those penalties, notwithstanding the changes effected by the FSA. Nothing in the FSA or in Dorsey's interpretation of it suggests that the penalties changed for purposes of addressing non-compliance with the conditions of supervised release.
For the foregoing reasons, we