VIRGINIA M. HERNANDEZ COVINGTON, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court pursuant to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Complaint for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction and Improper Venue (Doc. # 3), filed on April 29, 2011. Plaintiff filed a response in opposition to the motion to dismiss on June 24, 2011. (Doc. # 16). Also before the Court is Defendants' Motion to Transfer (Doc. # 17), filed on June 24, 2011. Plaintiff filed a response in opposition to the motion to transfer on July 5, 2011. (Doc. # 25). The Court heard oral arguments on the motions on February 23, 2012. At the hearing, the Court directed Defendants to file supplemental evidence regarding their motions. (Doc. ## 69, 70). Defendants filed their supplemental evidence on March 7, 2012 (Doc. ## 73, 74), and Plaintiff filed a response and supplemental evidence on March 21, 2012 (Doc. # 76). For the reasons that follow, the Court grants the Motion to Transfer and denies the Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction and Improper Venue as moot.
Plaintiff Charles Gibson, Jr. is a Florida resident who has alleged that his principal place of business is Hillsborough County, Florida. (Doc. # 2). Defendant, Geza Scap, is a resident of Connecticut, and Defendant JGS Properties is a limited liability company with its principal place of business in Fairfield County, Connecticut. (
On April 11, 2011, Plaintiff filed his complaint in state court containing the following counts against both Defendants: (1) breach of contract, (2) civil fraud, and (3) unjust enrichment. (Doc. # 2). Defendants timely removed the action to this Court based on diversity jurisdiction on April 29, 2011. (Doc. # 1). Plaintiff contends that the parties entered into an oral agreement to purchase the assets of a bankrupt company and to use those assets to start a business venture in Lakeland, Florida. (Doc. # 2). Plaintiff alleges that after the assets were purchased, Defendants disclaimed that Plaintiff was a business partner and retained all the assets, thereby breaching the parties' alleged oral agreement. (
On April 29, 2011, Defendants filed their motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction and improper venue. (Doc. # 3). Defendants filed a Motion to Transfer based on improper venue on June 24, 2011. (Doc. # 17).
Transfer of venue is governed by 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a), which provides that "[f]or the convenience of the parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district or division where it might have been brought." The Supreme Court has commented on § 1404(a), noting that "Section 1404(a) is intended to place discretion in the district court to adjudicate motions for transfer according to individualized, case-by-case consideration of convenience and fairness."
Defendants ask this Court to transfer this case to the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). (Doc. # 17 at 3). Such a decision is within the broad discretion of this Court.
As a threshold matter, the Court must consider whether this action could have been brought in the District of Connecticut. An action could have been brought in the proposed transferee court if "(1) the court had jurisdiction over the subject matter of the action; (2) venue is proper there; and (3) the defendant is amenable to process issuing out of the transferee court."
Here, Plaintiff could have filed this case in the District of Connecticut because Scap is a resident of Connecticut and JGS Properties has its principal place of business there. The Court therefore turns to the relevant factors governing transfer of venue.
The Eleventh Circuit has outlined the following factors for determining whether to transfer under § 1404(a):
Upon due consideration, the Court finds that Defendants have met their burden. Defendants point out that several of the key witnesses identified by Plaintiff including Defendant Scap, Julie Scap and George Mescaros, are all affiliated with JGS Properties, and are all located in or near Connecticut (Doc. # 17 at 4). Plaintiff counters that many of the individuals he intends to call as witnesses are Florida residents. (Doc. # 25 at 1). However, on balance, the Court finds Defendants' arguments more persuasive.
Defendants contend that they do not own or lease any real property in Florida, do not maintain any offices in Florida, do not maintain any employees in Florida, and do not have a registered agent in Florida. (Doc. # 3). However, Plaintiff has presented evidence establishing that Defendants conduct some limited business in Florida by shipping parts to Kaman Aerospace Corporation, which has facilities in both Connecticut and Florida. (Doc. ## 65, 75). In response, Defendants assert that Kaman is their only client located in Florida and that the percentage of sales derived from its business with Kaman's Florida division represents only one percent of its overall gross sales. (Doc. # 74). The Court finds this evidence weighs in Defendants' favor.
Finally, Plaintiff contends that financial difficulties favor litigation in the Middle District of Florida. (Doc. # 25). However, courts within the Eleventh Circuit have not been inclined to deny motions to transfer venue on the basis of financial difficulty absent extreme physical or financial hardship — particularly when a plaintiff has chosen to enter into an agreement with a foreign corporation.
Of course, great deference is afforded the plaintiff's choice of forum, and "the burden is on the movant to show that the suggested forum is more convenient or that litigation there would be in the interest of justice."
Accordingly, it is
(1) Defendants' Motion to Transfer (Doc. # 17) is
(2) Defendants' Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's Complaint for Lack of Personal Jurisdiction, Improper Venue (Doc. # 3) is
(3) The Clerk is directed to transfer this case to the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. Thereafter, the Clerk is directed to close this case.