SCHWARTZ, A., Senior Judge.
The lessor of commercial space in the City of Sanford appeals from an adverse summary judgment in an action for unpaid rent against the guarantor of the tenant's obligations under the lease. The trial court based its decision on the conclusion that the lease was invalid for lack of consideration because, under the city's zoning and use regulations, the premises could not be legally employed for a check cashing facility, the only purpose both sides knew it was intended. We affirm but for the very different (and very inconsistent) reason that the lessee properly invoked a cancellation clause in the lease which applied when and if the zoning proved unavailable.
The facts are essentially undisputed. On May 16, 2007 the parties entered into the agreement in question for the sole use, as specifically provided, for the tenant's operation as a "cash advance" store. Because both parties were also aware at least of the real possibility that the city would not allow that use, on August 13, 2007, they entered into a lease amendment which made the tenant "solely responsible for confirming the zoning ... is compatible with the [the tenant's] use" and which contained, among others, the following termination provision:
Sure enough, the tenant soon learned that it could not operate the business unless the city granted both a conditional use permit (CUP) and a "distance waiver" concerning a nearby potential competitor. On November 7 (86 days after the lease amendment was executed), the city informed it that after receiving the respective applications, "[t]he distance waiver takes about 30-60 days and the Conditional Use takes about 60 to 90 days." The lessee duly submitted a CUP application two days later, on November 9. On January 14, 2008, however, Sanford denied the lessee's CUP application, thus finally preventing it from operating the business on the premises. The following day, January 15, 2008, the tenant notified the lessor that, pursuant to the "90 day" clause, it was terminating the lease, which would have otherwise commenced on January 20, and requested a refund of its security deposit. The appellant responded that the lessee had failed to terminate within ninety days of executing the lease, as it said was required, and denied the claim on that ground.
As we have indicated, this case arises from the trial court's ruling, on cross motions for summary judgment, that the lease was void for "want of consideration" or, to use the legally equivalent term, "frustration of purpose," because, as all agree, the space could not be used for its only intended purpose. We conclude that this ruling was legally incorrect but, relying on the tipsy coachman rule, see Robertson v. State, 829 So.2d 901, 906-07 (Fla. 2002),
The "lack of consideration" doctrine, which arises when the very purpose of an agreement has been totally frustrated by some outside force or circumstance is a familiar one indeed. See e.g. Marks v. Fields, 160 Fla. 789, 36 So.2d 612 (1948); La Rosa Del Monte Express, Inc. v. G.S.W. Enterprises Corp., 483 So.2d 472 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986). But it has no proper application in a case such as this one, in which the particular potential obstacle was not only foreseen by the parties, but as to which they specifically bargained, with the
In the particular situation presented by this case, the provision of the lease which required the tenant to attempt to obviate any zoning difficulties and provided specific remedies when they could not, requires an application of the exception to rather than the general rule of frustration of purpose. As is said in Erwin S. Barbre, Annotation, Rights Between Landlord and Tenant as Affected by Zoning Regulations Restricting Contemplated Use of Premises, 37 A.L.R.3d 1018 (1971) (cases collected):
(Footnotes omitted); see, e.g., Margolis v. Malesky, 515 So.2d 425 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987) (landlord entitled to judgment where lease required tenants to obtain zoning approval for proposed use and tenants contemplated alternate use if zoning denied).
Closely on point is East Coast Advertising, Inc. v. Wiseheart, 862 So.2d 734 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003), which affirmed a summary judgment for a landlord in an action for rent under a lease for use as a billboard. The lessee defended on the ground of failure of consideration because existing zoning regulations prevented that use. The trial court concluded that the defense was unavailable because:
Id. (footnote inserted). The Third District wisely agreed and affirmed the summary judgment for the full amount of unpaid rent. We follow that decision here.
Ironically enough, however Wiseheart shows both the reasons why the trial court's legal determination was not correct and why its ultimate conclusion was. This is because the parties did not, as in Wiseheart, "specifically eliminate[ ]," but instead specifically inserted "a clause in the ... lease ... permit[ing] the lessees to escape from its provisions if they were unable to use the property as contemplated." Id. at 735. To reiterate, that clause provided:
We find that the tenant properly and timely invoked this provision, when a day after it found that its attempts to secure appropriate zoning had failed, and before the term of the lease even commenced, it gave notice of the contemplated termination. In the language of this provision, it is clear that having used its "best efforts" the tenant was unable to open and operate its business on November 11, 2007, ninety days from the execution of the amendment on August 13, 2007. The landlord argued and the trial court agreed, however, that the notice was fatally tardy because the cancellation did not occur within the ninety day period. For several reasons this conclusion is incorrect:
1. Foremost, that is not what the lease says. Its clear language, reinforced by the comma inserted after the word "lease," shows that the ninety day post-lease period refers to the lessee's ability to lawfully conduct its business on the premises—and not as, the appellant says, to its ability to terminate the lease. While the parties could have provided that if they wished, they did not do. See, e.g., United Artists Theatre Circuit, Inc. v. Sun Plaza Enterprise Corp., 1998 WL 938732 (E.D.N.Y.1998) ("If the Tenant will not be considered as a bankable Tenant by any lending institution and/or the Landlord will
2. Displaying a horrible, the landlord contends that our interpretation would set no time limits to cancellation, and thus give the tenant eternity to do so. This claim is also inaccurate. The law is clear in Florida and elsewhere, that when a contract fails to specify a particular period, the law implies a reasonable time under the circumstances. See A.I.C. Trading Corp. v. Susman, 40 So.3d 769 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010) (and cited cases); Four Asteria Realty, LLC v. BCP Bank of North America, 880 N.Y.S.2d 872, 872 (N.Y.Sup.2009) (finding that termination provision, which stated if "Tenant does not receive within thirty (30) days from execution of this Lease Agreement approval ... Tenant may withdraw from this lease," did not specify time for terminating and thus law would imply a reasonable time), aff'd, 71 A.D.3d 822, 897 N.Y.S.2d 487 (N.Y.A.D. 2010). Here, there is no doubt and even the appellant does not contend otherwise, that the tenant terminated within a reasonable time—one day after it knew the property could not be used as intended and five days before the lease even began.
3. Finally, the landlord's position on this point makes little sense in the real world in which the parties found themselves. Under its view, the tenant would have to have terminated on or before ninety days after the addendum was executed. On that date, however, the application for zoning was still pending and it would have had to abandon its reasonable efforts to secure the ability to use the premises as both parties devoutly wished. We will not infer that they intended such a self-defeating result.
Affirmed.
EVANDER and JACOBUS, JJ., concur.