TOM S. LEE, District Judge.
This cause is before the court on the motion of defendant Siemens Industry, Inc. (Siemens), Terry Steen, Brian Balmes and Coralee Kelly, to dismiss the amended complaint
Plaintiff, who is African American, was employed by defendant Siemens from 2007 until his termination on February 16, 2017. Following his termination, he filed the present action alleging that Siemens violated his rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., and the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. The complaint also purports to assert an intentional infliction of emotional distress claim against the individual defendants and a wrongful termination claim against Siemens. His claims are grounded in the following alleged facts.
During the first seven years of his employment, plaintiff worked as a senior material administrator at Siemens' Richland, Mississippi site. During this time, he applied for more than fourteen promotions which resulted in three phone interviews for positions at other facilities but no offers; and he was never offered an opportunity to interview at the Richland site. In November 2014, he applied for the newly-created Training Coordinator position. After the hiring manager, Joel Mathewson, returned plaintiff's resume to him, telling plaintiff he was not qualified for the position, plaintiff lodged a complaint of discrimination with the human resources manager. An investigation ensued, which found evidence to support plaintiff's claim. As a way to resolve the claim, Mathewson offered to promote plaintiff to the position of contract administrator in the circuit breaker group. Plaintiff accepted and began work in this position in December 2014.
Soon thereafter, Mathewson, in retaliation for plaintiff's having complained of discrimination, undertook a campaign of retaliation designed to force plaintiff to resign. This included, for example, providing plaintiff with only minimal training and failing to equip him with the essential tools (a laptop, remote access and company cell phone) needed to perform his new job. Mathewson's alleged retaliation campaign lasted for more than a year. Eventually, in March 2016, shortly after he was issued a reprimand by Mathewson for missing important e-mails, plaintiff was demoted and reassigned to work as a contract administrator in the surge arrestor group. That group was managed by defendant Brian Balmes, who appointed defendant Coralee Kelly to serve as "team lead" for a newly-assembled collective of contract administrators, which included plaintiff.
Kelly was resentful of the fact that in December 2014, plaintiff had been given the position of Contract Administrator-Circuit Breaker Group. She had openly opposed the decision to hire him following the internal investigation of his discrimination complaint, and she complained to co-workers that the position was "rightfully hers." Thus, when plaintiff became part of the surge arrestor group, Kelly, along with Balmes, undertook a retaliation campaign against him in an effort to have him terminated or force him to resign. As part of this alleged campaign, Balmes gave Kelly full access to plaintiff's work email account. Kelly used this access to manipulate (which included deleting some of) his emails to make it appear as though he was failing to handle his work. Kelly, in turn, generated and provided to Balmes false weekly reports which reflected that plaintiff was not keeping up with his emails. Balmes did not attempt to verify the reports or give plaintiff an opportunity to disprove them; instead, he accepted them at face value. In a further effort to force him to resign, Kelly started a false rumor that plaintiff, who had a compromised immune system from previous episodes of shingles, was faking his illness. And Kelly, along with Balmes, began to disproportionately assign tasks to plaintiff in an attempt to overwhelm him so that he would fail and be terminated or would give up and resign. In this regard, Kelly delegated some of her circuit breaker production line duties to him, which usually took him about one full day a week to perform. He complained to Balmes. However, Balmes offered no relief. Kelly and Balmes piled on even more work, requiring plaintiff to take on, in addition to his own job duties, the duties of a fulltime logistic position which had been eliminated. This additional work often took more than five hours of his work day, leaving him insufficient time to complete his contract administrator tasks.
Eventually, plaintiff complained to human resources manager Terry Steen that Balmes' and Kelly's actions were creating a hostile work environment and causing him elevated levels of stress and anxiety. Steen did not investigate but rather merely reported the complaint to Balmes and Kelly. On September 21, 2016, just days after he complained to Steen, Balmes placed plaintiff on a performance improvement plan (PIP). Under the terms of the PIP, plaintiff was required to meet with Balmes and Steen every other week. In these meetings, Balmes, over plaintiff's objection, continued to rely on the allegedly fabricated reports submitted by Kelly. To no avail, plaintiff complained to Steen that the objectives of the PIP were not consistent with the actual (extra) work he was performing and asked Steen to investigate. Later, however, after plaintiff became upset during a November 22, 2016 PIP meeting, Steen suggested that "it would be best if Balmes hired a full-time customer care representative to perform the logistic function" and told plaintiff to focus solely on his contract administrator work.
Soon after, in early December 2016, Kelly approached plaintiff and screamed at plaintiff in front of his coworkers, accusing him of "just wanting someone else to do his work." Plaintiff complained to Steen about the incident, and also about Kelly's mistreatment of him in general, which included her willingness to help the white ladies in the group but not him. Steen conducted a "sham investigation", following which he advised that Siemens would not be taking action against Kelly.
In late December 2016, Balmes gave plaintiff a negative performance review based on Kelly's reports, and as a result, plaintiff was denied a pay raise. Toward the end of December and into January, plaintiff's health continued to decline as a result of the unrelenting retaliation he was subjected to at work, and in mid-January, he was required to undergo immediate surgery to remove inflamed digestive tract tissue. When he tried to return to work on February 9, 2017 following his surgery, Balmes refused to sign his doctor's order for restricted duty and sent him home. When he returned for work a week later, he was summoned to meet with Balmes and Steen, who advised he was terminated based on Kelly's continuing reports of his poor performance.
Following his termination, plaintiff filed the present action asserting claims under Title VII for race discrimination based on the denial of promotions from 2007 to 2014, his demotion in March 2016, the December 2016 denial of a raise and his termination in February 2017; and for retaliation on account of his December 2014 complaint relating to Siemens' allegedly discriminatory hiring practices. He further asserts claims under the ADA for failure to accommodate his disability at some unspecified time while under the supervision of Balmes and Kelly and upon his initial attempt to return to work in February 2017, and also for failure to engage in the ADA's interactive process. Lastly, he asserts a state law claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress against defendants Steen, Balmes and Kelly.
To survive a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss a complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, the complaint "does not need detailed factual allegations," but it must provide the plaintiff's grounds for entitlement to relief, including factual allegations that when assumed to be true "raise a right to relief above the speculative level."
Title VII prohibits employers from taking adverse employment actions against employees on the basis of race.
Plaintiff's complaint reflects that he filed his first and only EEOC charge on February 23, 2017. According to Siemens, it follows that any discrete acts that pre-dated August 27, 2016 are barred for failure to exhaust. This includes his claims for alleged race discrimination based on the denial of promotions from 2007 to 2014 and his March 2016 demotion. In his complaint, and in response to defendants' motion, plaintiff submits that these claims are timely under either or both of two theories. First, he argues that his claims are timely based on the continuing violation doctrine. The continuing violation doctrine "relieves a plaintiff of establishing that all of the complained-of conduct occurred within the actionable period if the plaintiff can show a series of related acts, one or more of which falls within the limitations period."
Citing
Plaintiff did exhaust his claims that he was denied a pay increase in December 2016 and terminated in February 2017 because of his race. However, Siemens contends he has not sufficiently pled these claims. The Fifth Circuit has held that in determining whether a plaintiff has pled sufficient facts on all of the ultimate elements of a disparate treatment claim to make his case plausible, "it can be helpful to reference the
Siemens acknowledges plaintiff was a member of a protected class and that he suffered adverse employment actions in being denied a pay raise and terminated. It argues, though, that not only has plaintiff failed to allege that he was qualified for his position but that in fact, the facts he has alleged show that he was not qualified. It further asserts that plaintiff has failed to allege facts that would support a finding that any similarly situated employee was treated more favorably.
With reference to plaintiff's qualifications, Siemens argues that because plaintiff has alleged that he "found it impossible" to complete his assigned work and "felt ill prepared" for the job, then he has effectively admitted he was not qualified for the position. The court is not persuaded. Plaintiff's complaint cannot reasonably be read as suggesting that plaintiff considered himself unqualified for his position as contract administrator in the surge protector group. On the contrary, he clearly alleges he was qualified for the position by both education and experience. He does allege that he had difficulty with the work assigned to him; but it is clear that these allegations relate not to his relative qualification for the position but rather to his charge that Kelly and Balmes placed, extraneous, "extraordinary and unreasonable work demands" on him.
The court also rejects Siemens' argument that plaintiff has failed to identify any similarly situated employee who was treated more favorably under nearly identical circumstances. In evaluating whether another employee was treated differently under "nearly identical circumstances", the court considers such factors as whether the employee held the same position or had similar responsibilities, whether he had the same supervisor, and whether he had a similar history of misconduct as the plaintiff.
Here, plaintiff alleges that he and Robin East both were contract administrators and were supervised by Kelly and Balmes. He alleges that while he was offered virtually no training for the contract administrator position, having been given only one and a half weeks of training, Kelly spent two months personally training East for the job. Further, he alleges that while East also had a documented history of missing important emails, Kelly never asked for or was given access to East's work email account. And although East was also placed on a PIP for allegedly missing emails and not keeping up with her work, Siemens denied his requests for help but "took all steps reasonabl[y] and necessary to preserve East's employment," including providing her additional resources. Finally, he alleges that while he was terminated outright for his alleged poor performance, East, though also "recommended for termination because she did not meet the PIP's requirements," East, unlike him, was not terminated but was allowed to stay on the job and resign "at a time of her own choosing", thus enabling her to "[leave] the company gracefully with her career and dignity intact."
Under the
Siemens argues that even if the court concludes that plaintiff has adequately alleged a prima facie case of race discrimination, plaintiff's complaint should be dismissed because he has failed to allege facts tending to show that Siemens' alleged putative reason for his termination, i.e., poor work performance, was pretext for discrimination. Siemens' position in this regard is unfounded. Plaintiff has sufficiently pleaded pretext as he has alleged that both the negative review which caused him to be denied a pay raise and his subsequent termination were based on fabricated and untrue reports indicating that his performance with respect to significant aspects of his job was deficient.
For the foregoing reasons, Siemens' motion to dismiss plaintiff's claim for race discrimination based on allegations of failure to promote and demotion will be granted as those claims are time-barred. The claims for race discrimination based on allegations of plaintiff's being denied a pay raise and then being terminated will be denied.
Title VII prohibits retaliation against employees who engage in protected conduct, which includes complaining to one's employer about alleged discrimination.
In his complaint, plaintiff alleges that defendants violated the ADA by failing to reasonably accommodate his disability.
To state a claim for failure to accommodate, plaintiff must allege facts to show that (1) he is a "qualified individual with a disability;" (2) the disability and its consequential limitations were "known" by the covered employer; and (3) the employer failed to make "reasonable accommodations" for such known limitations.
In the case at bar, plaintiff alleges that he is a "qualified individual with a disability" under the ADA as a result of having been previously diagnosed with Shingles, which left him with a "compromised immune system" that makes him "particularly susceptible to stress and anxiety". And he alleges that "[e]levated levels of stress and anxiety can trigger physical manifestations not limited to severe headaches, severe stomach trauma, anxiety attacks, or even additional bouts of Shingles." Plaintiff also states that defendants were aware of his condition and resulting limitations as he disclosed these matters to defendants at various times throughout his employment. And, he alleges that he made reasonable requests for accommodations which defendants refused. Specifically, he alleges that in the Fall of 2016, when he was overwhelmed by the workload and Kelly's malicious actions toward him and his health was suffering as a result of the stress he was under, he went to Balmes and Steen and requested a "fair distribution of the work load and curbing the hostile work environment." He alleges that Siemens "intentionally ignored" his request and "failed to engage in the interactive process"
For purposes of its motion, Siemens assumes that plaintiff is a qualified individual with a disability and acknowledges plaintiff's allegation that he requested "reasonable accommodations." Siemens submits, however, that plaintiff has not stated a cognizable claim for failure to accommodate since he does not allege that the accommodation he requested "was related to any alleged disability and in no way indicates that he faced any workrelated limitations because of his alleged disability." That is, he does not allege either that Siemens was aware of any workrelated limitations connected to plaintiff's disability or that the accommodations he requested were related to any such limitations. Plaintiff's complaint could certainly be more clear on this point. In the court's opinion, however, plaintiff's complaint can fairly be read as alleging the requisite connection, and at least implicitly Siemens' knowledge of a connection between the limitations related to his disability. Accordingly, the court concludes that plaintiff has stated a claim for violation of his right to reasonable accommodation under the ADA.
Plaintiff, though acknowledging in his complaint that he is an at-will employee, has undertaken to state a claim for wrongful termination under state law based on Siemens' alleged termination of his employment in violation of Title VII. As a matter of law, this does not state a claim for relief.
Hutcherson alleges that defendants Steen, Balmes and Kelly are liable for intentional infliction of emotional distress under state law. To prevail on a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, the challenged conduct must be so outrageous in character and so extreme in degree as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency.
Based on the foregoing, it is ordered that defendants' motion to dismiss is granted as to: (1) plaintiff's race discrimination claims based on failure to promote and his demotion; (2) his retaliation claims; (3) his state law claim for wrongful termination; and (4) his claims for intentional infliction of emotional distress against Steen and Balmes. It is further ordered that the motion is denied as to: (1) plaintiff's claim for race discrimination arising out of his denial of a pay increase and termination; (2) his ADA claims premised on Siemens' alleged failure to accommodate; and (3) his intentional infliction of emotional distress claim against Kelly. Finally, it is ordered that defendants' unopposed motion to strike plaintiff's surrebuttal is granted.
SO ORDERED.