HUGH LAWSON, Senior District Judge.
This case is before the Court on Defendants' Motion to Dismiss. (Doc. 13). For the reasons discussed below, the Court
Plaintiff began working for the Tift County School District in Tifton, Georgia as a paraprofessional and a bus driver in August 1991. (Compl. ¶ 20). On or about November 8, 2012, the principal of Tift County High School instructed Plaintiff to go home and not to return to work until instructed. (Compl. ¶ 21-22). The school district terminated Plaintiff's employment on December 12, 2012. (Compl. ¶ 5). The termination stemmed from alleged violations of school policy, namely showing inappropriate materials to students on the internet during classroom time. (Compl. ¶ 23; Answer ¶ 5). Plaintiff alleges that the Tift County School District discriminated against him based on his race and his age. (Compl. ¶¶ 24-26; 35-36). He contends that other similarly situated employees who engaged in similar or more egregious conduct who either were of a different race or a younger age were not terminated. (Compl. ¶¶ 24, 35).
On March 19, 2014, Plaintiff faxed two letters to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") in Savannah, Georgia. (Plaintiff's Response to Mot. to Dismiss, Doc. 20-1, p. 1-4). In his first letter, Plaintiff requests to file a charge for age discrimination. (Doc. 20-1, p. 2). In his second letter, Plaintiff sets forth his name, his age, the name of his employer, the nature of his employment, the facts leading to his dismissal, and his allegation that the school system discriminated against him on the basis of his age, having filled Plaintiff's vacant positions with younger employees. (Doc. 20-1, p. 3-4).
Plaintiff filed a Charge of Discrimination form with the EEOC on July 2, 2013. (Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. 1, Doc. 12-1). In the charge, Plaintiff alleges that on December 12, 2012, Defendants discriminated against him because of his age and race by terminating him for an offense he claims he did not commit. The EECO provided a Notice of Charge of Discrimination to the school district on July 8, 2013. (Def.'s Reply in Support of Mot. to Dismiss, Ex. 2, Doc. 21-1, p. 1). The EEOC issued a Notice of Suit Rights on July 24, 2013. (Compl., Doc. 1-2). Plaintiff filed this lawsuit on October 21, 2013. On February 4, 2014, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiff's complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to exhaust administrative remedies and failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. (Doc. 13).
When examining a motion to dismiss, the court must accept "all well-pleaded facts . . . as true, and the reasonable inferences therefrom are construed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff."
Accordingly, to avoid dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), "a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to `state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.'"
Before addressing the merits of Defendants' motion, the Court first must determine whether consideration of documents outside of the pleadings, namely Plaintiff's March 19, 2013 letters to the EEOC and subsequent EEOC charge, requires conversion of the motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment. The Court holds that it does not.
Typically, "[w]hen a court considers matters outside of the pleadings in a [Rule] 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the court converts that motion into a motion for summary judgment."
Here, Plaintiff attached an unsigned, undated version of his Charge of Discrimination to his Complaint. (Doc. 1-1). Defendants attached a copy of the same Charge of Discrimination to their Answer. (Doc. 12-1). This supplemented version of the charge includes both Plaintiff's signature and the date he signed the form, July 2, 2013. Plaintiff in his Brief in Opposition to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 20) then included two letters dated March 19, 2013 and addressed to the regional EEOC office. (Doc. 20-1, p. 1-4). Plaintiff alleges that these letters constitute his charge for the purpose of calculating the requisite time limitation and that the formal charge form simply amends the original charge.
Neither party disputes the authenticity of any of the documents or the dates on which they were filed. The controversy involves the issue of whether Plaintiff presents sufficient evidence that the letters constitute a valid charge of discrimination within the meaning of the pertinent statute and whether the subsequent amendments in the Charge of Discrimination resolve any procedural and substantive defects in Plaintiff's original submission to the EEOC. The Court finds that it may consider these documents without converting Defendants' motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment.
Plaintiff asserts claims against Defendants for discrimination based on his age in violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq. ("ADEA"). Defendant's move the Court to dismiss Plaintiff's ADEA claims because there is not enough evidence in the record to conclude that the letters Plaintiff sent to the EEOC on March 19, 2013 to constitute a valid charge of age discrimination. After careful consideration, the Court finds that the letters in question reasonably may be construed as a request for the EEOC to take action on Plaintiff's ADEA claim.
Prior to initiating a lawsuit claiming violations of the ADEA, a plaintiff first must exhaust all available administrative remedies. 29 U.S.C. § 626(d)(2);
The term "charge" has no statutory definition, and "a wide range of documents might be classified as charges."
29 C.F.R. § 1626.8. However, a charge is sufficient by meeting the basic requirements of § 1626.6, provided the information presented can "be reasonably construed as a request for the agency to take remedial action to protect the employee's rights or otherwise settle a dispute between the employer and the employee."
Courts are "`extremely reluctant to allow procedural technicalities to bar'" disability claims.
Plaintiff's March 19, 2013 letters meet the minimal requirements to constitute a valid charge. Since there is no absolute definition of what constitutes an ADEA charge, a court must consider not the form of the charge but the contents thereof.
Defendants suggest that Plaintiff's letters do not qualify as a charge of discrimination because there is no evidence that the EEOC treated the letters as a charge and because the EEOC did not provide Defendants notice of the March 2013 letters. The law requires the EEOC to act "[u]pon receiving a charge" and to "promptly notify all persons named in the charge as prospective defendants." 29 U.S.C. § 626(d)(2). Defendants here make the same argument as the employer in
Plaintiff additionally alleges that Defendants discriminated against him on the basis of his race in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. ("Title VII"). Defendants move to dismiss the Title VII claim because Plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative remedies.
A plaintiff bringing a claim under Title VII for race discrimination is subject to the same exhaustion requirements under the ADEA. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5; H &
As with an ADEA claim for discrimination, a plaintiff seeking relief for alleged race discrimination under Title VII first must file a charge of discrimination within 180 days of the last discriminatory act. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1);
To be verified, the charge shall "be sworn or affirmed before a notary public, designated representative of the Commission, or other person duly authorized by law to administer oaths and take acknowledgments, or supported by an unsworn declaration in writing under penalty of perjury." 29 C.F.R. § 1601.3(a). The plaintiff may amend the charge to cure a technical defect, including the failure to verify the charge. 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12(b). The "deadline to verify is the time the employer is obliged to respond to the EEOC charge."
As Defendants highlight, Plaintiff's March 19, 2014 charge letters were not verified. However, the verification requirement does not apply to Plaintiff's original charge document. Verification is unique to Title VII claims. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b);
The more pertinent issue is whether Plaintiff's Charge of Discrimination, in which he alleges discrimination on the basis of both age and race, properly amended his original charge letters that only raised allegations of age discrimination, and whether that amendment dates back to the March 2013 letters. After filing a charge of discrimination, a plaintiff may amend a charge in order to "clarify or amplify allegations made therein." 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12(b). "Such amendments and amendments alleging additional acts which constitute unlawful employment practices related to or growing out of the subject matter of the original charge will relate back to the date charge was first received."
Defendants ask the Court to dismiss Plaintiff's Title VII claim on the premise that Plaintiff did not exhaust his administrative remedies. Plaintiff's March 19, 2013 letters to the EEOC, which Plaintiff filed timely and which this Court already ruled to be a valid charge, contain allegations pertaining only to possible age discrimination. Plaintiff did not raise the issue of racial discrimination until he submitted his July 2, 2013 Charge of Discrimination. This filing fell several weeks outside the 180-day time requirement, which ended June 10, 2013. Thus, Plaintiff's Title VII claims may only move forward upon a finding that the late-filed Charge of Discrimination serves as an amendment to Plaintiff's original letter and dates back to that first timely filing.
The regulations clearly permit an aggrieved employee to amend his charge to expound on the allegations of discrimination, provided any new alleged acts grow out of the same set of facts. 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12(b). The purpose of the charge ultimately is to initiate the administrative investigation and to put the employer on notice of the nature of the allegations asserted against it.
Examining both the Complaint and the accompanying charge notices, the Court finds that Plaintiff has alleged sufficient facts to demonstrate that the Title VII claims raised in the Charge of Discrimination form arose out of the same set of facts set forth in Plaintiff's first correspondence with the EEOC. The Court deems the Charge of Discrimination an amendment to the original charge dating back to the date the EEOC received Plaintiff's March 2013 letters. Plaintiff accordingly may pursue his Title VII claim.
Count V of Plaintiff's complaint alleges a state law claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress ("IIED"). (Compl. ¶40). Plaintiff makes no specific allegations of how Defendants caused him distress beyond a blanket statement that Defendants "intentionally terminated Plaintiff for known false allegations." (Compl. ¶ 41). These claims lack merit and are dismissed.
In order to succeed on an IIED claim, a plaintiff must provide evidence that "(1) the defendant's conduct intentional or reckless; (2) the defendant's conduct was extreme and outrageous; (3) a causal connection existed between the wrongful conduct and the emotional distress."
Georgia is an at-will employment state, and Georgia law does not recognize wrongful discharge of at-will employees.
Plaintiff has produced no evidence that Defendants actions in terminating him were extreme or outrageous. As a result, Plaintiff's claims for IIED fail.
For the foregoing reasons, Defendants' Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's ADEA and Title VII claims is denied. The Court grants Defendants' Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff's IIED claim.
The Court hereby lifts the order staying discovery entered by text entry on February 19, 2014. The parties are to confer and submit a Rules 16 and 26 discovery report no later than May 27, 2014. (