GARY L. SHARPE, Chief District Judge.
Plaintiff Lori A. Everson challenges the Commissioner of Social Security's denial of Disability Insurance Benefits (DIB), seeking judicial review under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). (See Compl., Dkt. No. 1.) After reviewing the administrative record and carefully considering Everson's arguments, the court affirms the Commissioner's decision and dismisses the Complaint.
On May 23, 2007, Everson filed an application for DIB under the Social Security Act ("the Act"), alleging disability since May 11, 2002. (See Tr.
Everson commenced the present action by filing a Complaint on August 1, 2011, seeking review of the Commissioner's determination. (See Compl.) The Commissioner filed an answer and a certified copy of the administrative transcript. (See Dkt. Nos. 10, 12.) Each party, seeking judgment on the pleadings, filed a brief. (See Dkt. Nos. 14, 18.)
Everson contends that the Commissioner's decision is tainted by the application of improper legal standards and is not supported by substantial evidence. (See Dkt. No.14 at 11-25.) Specifically, Everson claims that the ALJ: (1) did not apply the proper standards for evaluating her Residual Functional Capacity (RFC); (2) failed to apply the "[p]sychiatric [r]eview [t]echnique" (PRT) in determining her mental functional limitations; (3) improperly assessed her credibility; and (4) erred in relying on a vocational expert's testimony which was based upon an incomplete hypothetical question. (Id.) The Commissioner counters that the ALJ used the appropriate legal standards and substantial evidence supports his decision. (See Dkt. No. 18 at 11-22.)
The evidence in this case is undisputed and the court adopts the parties' factual recitations. (See Dkt. No. 14 at 2-9; Dkt. No. 18 at 2-7.)
The standard for reviewing the Commissioner's final decision under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) is well established and will not be repeated here. For a full discussion of the standard and the five-step process used by the Commissioner in evaluating whether a claimant is disabled under the Act, the court refers the parties to its previous opinion in Christiana v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., No. 1:05-CV-932, 2008 WL 759076, at *1-2 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 19, 2008).
Everson contends that the ALJ improperly afforded great weight to the opinions of non-examining psychological consultant Dr. P. Kudler and non-examining medical expert Dr. Martin Fechner, and failed to give controlling weight to the opinion of treating physician Dr. Frank Kramer. (See Dkt. No. 14 at 12-16.) Everson also argues that the ALJ improperly assigned no weight to treating therapist Catherine Bowne's opinion, and failed to discuss the opinion of physical therapist Nathanial Beach. (See id. at 16-19.) Everson claims that the ALJ's misappropriation of weight to the medical sources resulted in a flawed RFC determination.
Generally, an ALJ is required to give controlling weight to a treating physician's medical opinion if it is supported by acceptable diagnostic techniques and is not inconsistent with other substantial evidence in the record. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2); Halloran v. Barnhart, 362 F.3d 28, 32 (2d Cir. 2004). The ALJ is required to explain the weight he gives to the opinions of a treating physician. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2). When an ALJ does not give a treating physician's opinion controlling weight, he must assess several factors to determine how much weight to give the opinion, including: (1) the length, nature, and extent of the treatment relationship; (2) the frequency of examination by the treating physician for the conditions in question; (3) the medical evidence and explanations provided in support of the opinion; (4) the consistency of the opinion with the record as a whole; (5) the qualifications of the treating physician; and (6) other relevant factors tending to support or contradict the opinion. See id. § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6). The opinion of a non-examining source can override the opinion of an examining source if it is supported by evidence in the record. See Diaz v. Shalala, 59 F.3d 307, 313 n.5 (2d Cir. 1995).
Importantly, the "ultimate finding of whether a claimant is disabled and cannot work . . . [is] reserved to the Commissioner." Snell v. Apfel, 177 F.3d 128, 133 (2d Cir.1999) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). While the ALJ considers the data that physicians provide, he draws his own conclusions as to whether those data indicate disability. See id. As such, a treating physician's disability assessment is not determinative. See id.; accord 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(1).
Although the ALJ could have discussed the factors listed in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(2)-(6) in more detail, this shortcoming does not amount to error because his ultimate determination is supported by substantial evidence. Not only did Dr. Kramer's April 2008 physical RFC assessment, (see Tr. at 369), do little to prove that Everson was disabled on or before December 31, 2007, it departed from the thrust of other substantial evidence in the record and was properly accorded "little weight." (Id. at 30.)
In his 2008 physical RFC assessment, Dr. Kramer opined that Everson could not stand or walk for more than one hour and could not sit for more than four hours in an eight hour day. (See id. at 369.) He identified Everson's "massive ventral hernia" and noted that an MRI revealed that she had arthritis and disc disease. (Id.) However, in May 2005, Dr. Kramer stated that neither Everson's ventral hernia nor her back issues prevented her from performing sedentary work. (See id. at 276.) Thus, Dr. Kramer's 2008 physical RFC assessment is not only inconsistent with his own prior statements concerning the extent of Everson's injuries, but also with the opinions of Drs. Fechner, Frank Norsky, and D. Welch.
Unlike Dr. Kramer, Dr. Fechner, following a review of the medical evidence, noted that Everson could occasionally climb stairs and ramps, balance, stoop, kneel, and crouch, and opined that she could sit for six hours and stand and walk for two hours in an eight hour day. (See id. at 447, 449.) Similarly, Dr. Norsky, who conducted a physical examination in July 2007, concluded that Everson "probably would be able to perform physical activities that would not require excessive walking or climbing stairs." (Id. at 340.) He also noted that she was able to get on and off the examination table with a little help, that she could walk on her toes and heels, and that she could change for the physical examination without any help. (See id.) Finally, Dr. Welch noted that Everson had a full range of motion in her lower back and was not experiencing muscle spasms in that region. (See id. at 354.) He estimated that Everson was able to lift twenty pounds occasionally, ten pounds frequently, and stand, walk, and sit, for six hours in an eight hour day. (See id.)
In addition to these opinions, Everson's reported daily activities during the relevant time period support the ALJ's RFC determination. (See id. at 174-84.) She testified that she loaded and unloaded the dishwasher, vacuumed, swept, and mopped. (See id. at 60.) During her consultative examination with Dr. Norsky, Everson reported that she was able to do her housework without any lifting, drive a car, go grocery shopping, and use public transportation. (See id. at 339.) Everson also indicated that she is independent in activities of daily living, and that she cooks, cares for her pet, and makes phone calls. (See id. at 175, 356-57.) In May 2007, Everson told Dr. Kramer that she found aqua therapy to be "particularly helpful for her ventral hernia" and that she generally felt better and was "able to actually do her full shower." (Id. at 243).
Regarding Everson's alleged mental impairments, which she claims contributed to her total disability, the ALJ cited inconsistencies in Bowne's opinions as his primary rational for according great weight to Dr. Kudler's opinion—which was consistent with the determination that Everson could perform significant work-related activities. (See id. at 29-30). In July 2009, Bowne indicated that Everson was unable to work due to her emotional state. (See id. at 429.) However, in her February 2008 mental RFC assessment, Bowne indicated that Everson had a good ability to understand, remember, and carry out complex, detailed, and simple job instructions. (See id. at 367.) In the same assessment, Bowne noted that Everson could follow work rules, function independently, and relate to coworkers and supervisors. (See id.) Bowne offered no additional evidence tending to show that Everson's prognosis worsened—or changed in any manner—during the period from February 2008 to July 2009. (See id. at 30.) Given that Bowne is not an acceptable medical source,
Moreover, while the ALJ could have discussed Beach's opinion in more detail, this deficiency does not render his RFC determination invalid because Beach was an unacceptable medical source and his opinions are nonetheless consistent with the ALJ's findings. See Craig v. Apfel, 212 F.3d 433, 436 (8th Cir. 2000) (citation omitted) (indicating that, while the ALJ is obligated to fully develop the record, he is not required to discuss all of the evidence submitted and a failure to do so does not indicate that the evidence was not considered). Beach repeatedly indicated that Everson tolerated treatment without incident and that she was able to exercise intensely without experiencing a significant response in symptoms. (See id. at 319, 327-32.) At one of her final sessions, Beach noted that Everson stated, among other things, that her back was feeling better and that her hernia was not bothering her as much as it had previously. (See id. at 320.)
Notwithstanding Everson's claims to the contrary, it follows that the ALJ's assignment of weight and assessment of Everson's RFC are supported by substantial evidence, and, thus, affirmed.
Everson next contends that the ALJ failed to apply the PRT when making his mental RFC determination. (See Dkt. No. 14 at 19-20.) Specifically, Everson argues that the ALJ failed to provide a more detailed assessment of her mental RFC at step four than was contained in his analysis at step three. (See id. at 20.) The Commissioner counters that the ALJ properly assessed Everson's mental condition under the Social Security Regulations. (See Dkt. No. 18 at 15.) Again, the court agrees with the Commissioner.
An ALJ's determination of a claimant's mental functional limitations must reflect his application of the "special technique" set out in 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520a(c)(3), which requires the ALJ to make a specific finding regarding the claimant's functional limitation with respect to four broad functional areas: "[a]ctivities of daily living; social functioning; concentration, persistence, or pace; and episodes of decompensation." The mental RFC assessment used at steps four and five of the sequential evaluation process requires the ALJ to, among other things, engage in a more detailed assessment of various functions contained in the broad categories found in paragraphs B and C of the adult mental disorders listings in § 12.00 of the Listing of Impairments. See SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *4 (July 2, 1996).
Here, the ALJ properly applied and documented the "special technique" in evaluating Everson's mental impairments at step three. (See Tr. 27-28.) Although Everson argues otherwise, the ALJ's findings are supported both by Everson's function report, (see id. at 174-84), and Dr. Jeanne Shapiro's June 2007 psychiatric consultative examination, (see id. at 314-18). Further, the ALJ explained that his RFC assessment, which he was required to complete in light of his finding that Everson's severe mental impairment did not meet or equal a listed impairment, "reflects the degree of limitation [that he] . . . found in the . . . mental function analysis." Id. at 28.
Following his evaluation of Everson's mental impairments in the four broad functioning areas at step three, the ALJ adequately engaged in a more detailed assessment of Everson's mental RFC at step four. (See Tr. at 30.) Among the criteria in paragraphs B and C in § 12.00 of the Listing of Impairments are abnormalities in the claimant's mood, behavior, memory, independence, ability to get along with others, concentration, and persistence. See SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *4. Not only did the ALJ assess Everson's memory, concentration, and attention directly in his opinion, (see Tr. at 30), he also referenced Dr. Kudler's mental assessment of Everson, which included detailed descriptions of Everson's independence, ability to interact socially with others, mood, behavior, and thoughts, (see id. at 30, 346-51).
Accordingly, the ALJ properly relied on substantial evidence in the record to provide a more detailed assessment of Everson's mental limitations at step four than that which was included in his analysis at step three, and properly assessed Everson's mental condition pursuant to the PRT.
Everson contends that the ALJ failed to apply the appropriate legal standards in assessing her credibility and improperly concluded that her statements were not fully credible simply because they were inconsistent with the ALJ's own RFC finding. (See Dkt. No. 14 at 20-24). Everson alleges further that, although the ALJ identified a number of limitations which he claimed compromised her credibility, he failed to substantiate why he concluded Everson was incredible. (See id. at 22.) Finally, Everson argues that the ALJ failed to discuss certain evidence tending to establish her credibility, including her work history, medicines and side effects, and other measures she took to alleviate her pain. (See id. at 23.) The Commissioner counters that the ALJ properly considered Everson's subjective complaints and did not err by concluding that they were incredible prior to December 31, 2007. (See Dkt. No. 18 at 18.) Because the ALJ's assessment was sufficiently articulate and based on substantial evidence, the court agrees with the Commissioner.
The ALJ is required to evaluate a claimant's credibility and reach an independent judgment regarding subjective symptoms in light of the objective medical evidence and other evidence regarding the true extent of the alleged symptoms. See Mimms v. Heckler, 750 F.2d 180, 186 (2d Cir. 1984). An ALJ must consider a claimant's subjective complaints of pain in gauging her RFC. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(3). However, "[a]n individual's statement as to pain or other symptoms shall not alone be conclusive evidence of disability." 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A). The Commissioner is obligated to evaluate all of a claimant's symptoms, "including pain, and the extent to which [those] symptoms can reasonably be accepted as consistent with the objective medical evidence and other evidence." 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(a).
Ultimately, "[t]he reasons for the credibility finding must be grounded in the evidence and articulated in the determination or decision." SSR 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186, at *4 (July 2, 1996). Thus, "after weighing the objective medical evidence in the record, the claimant's demeanor, and other indicia of credibility," an ALJ may reject the claimant's subjective allegations of pain as long as he sets forth his "reasons with sufficient specificity to enable [the court] to decide whether the determination is supported by substantial evidence." Lewis v. Apfel, 62 F.Supp.2d 648, 651 (N.D.N.Y. 1999) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
Here, the ALJ based his decision on specific evidence in the record—including "objective medical evidence and the claimant's testimony"—and sufficiently articulated why he determined that the objective medical findings failed to reveal that Everson's limitations rose to the level of a total disability as she alleged. (Tr. at 29.) The ALJ primarily considered the body of objective medical evidence from Drs. Fechner and Norsky, which tended to show that Everson's afflictions were not as debilitating as she averred. (See id. at 340, 447, 449.) In addition, the ALJ also considered Everson's testimony, which indicated that her alleged total disability was inconsistent with her reported daily activities. (See id. at 60, 174-84, 339.) Thus, the ALJ's credibility determination is supported by substantial evidence in the record, and is conclusive.
Lastly, Everson contends that the ALJ erred in relying on a vocational expert's answers to an allegedly incomplete hypothetical question in making his determination that Everson was capable of performing work in the national economy. (See Dkt. No. 14 at 24-25.) Specifically, Everson alleges that the hypothetical question was "the product of errors in RFC and in assessing credibility." (Id. at 24.) The Commissioner counters, and the court agrees, that the ALJ's hypothetical question was consistent with his RFC assessment and that it reflected the abilities Everson possessed on or before December 31, 2007. (See Dkt. No. 18 at 22.)
In making his ultimate disability determination, the ALJ must consider whether the claimant can do any other, less demanding work existing in the national economy. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(g), 404.1560(c); accord White v. Sec'y of Health and Human Servs., 910 F.2d 64, 65 (2d Cir. 1990). If the ALJ's RFC assessment is supported by substantial evidence, it is appropriate for him to rely on that RFC assessment in questioning the vocational expert. See Mancuso v. Astrue, 361 F. App'x 176, 179 (2d Cir. 2010). In addition to the RFC assessment, the ALJ may also rely on the claimant's age, education, past work experience, and the transferability of the claimant's skills in order to assess whether other jobs exist in the national economy which the claimant could perform. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(g).
In questioning the vocational expert in this case, the ALJ's hypothetical question accurately reflected his RFC assessment and credibility determination which, as discussed above, were supported by substantial evidence. (Compare Tr. at 198-99, with Tr. at 29.) As a result, the ALJ's reliance on the vocational expert's opinion was not misplaced. (See id. at 199.)
After careful review of the record, the court affirms the remainder of the ALJ's decision as it is supported by substantial evidence.
