G. R. SMITH, Magistrate Judge.
Movant Donald Ubele, proceeding pro se, moves under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate the Armed career criminal Act (ACCA) enhancement applied to his 2006 sentence for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Doc. 170;
This is not Ubele's first rodeo. After judgment was entered on May 22, 2006, he unsuccessfully appealed, see United States v. Ubele, 215 F. App'x 971, 972-73 (11th Cir. 2007) (finding, among other things, that his two drug convictions were "separate criminal episodes for purposes of the ACCA because the crimes were successive rather than simultaneous."), and has since repeatedly attempted (unsuccessfully) to challenge his sentence, see Ubele v. United States, No. CV412-011; Ubele v. United States, No. CV412-136; Ubele v. Dru, N.D. Ga. No. CV1 13-2293. Seizing upon the recent decision in Johnson, movant received permission from the Eleventh Circuit to file this habeas challenge, arguing that his prior convictions no longer serve as ACCA predicates. Doc. 170. The Government seeks dismissal of his successive motion, arguing that none of Ubele's claims rest on a "new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral review by the Supreme Court, that was previously unavailable," doc. 181 at 5 (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h)(2)), because Ubele's sentence did not rely on the "residual clause" the Johnson court held unconstitutional.
The ACCA provides enhanced penalties for defendants who are (1) convicted of being felons in possession of firearms in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), and (2) have "three prior convictions . . . for a violent felony or a serious drug offense, or both." 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1). Plain vanilla, felon-in-possession convictions fetch a maximum 10 year sentence, see 18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(2), while the ACCA enhancement mandates a 15 year minimum (and a maximum of life). 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1).
The ACCA defines "violent felony" as, among other things, a felony that "otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another." Id. at § 924(e)(2)(B). Johnson held that that "residual clause" violated due process. See 135 S.Ct. 2551, 2557. It said nothing, however, about ACCA enhancements predicated on convictions for "serious drug offenses" or "violent felonies" classed as such under the enumerated offenses and elements clauses. See, e.g., Johnson, 135 S. Ct. at 2563 ("Today's decision does not call into question application of the Act to the four enumerated offenses, or the remainder of the Act's definition of a violent felony," much less its definition of "serious drug offense"). After Johnson, enhancements based on those offenses remain valid. See United States v. Tinker, 618 F. App'x 635, 637 (11th Cir. 2015) (convictions that qualify as violent felonies under the "elements" clause of the ACCA rather than the "residual" clause survive Johnson.)
Ubele's enhancement was based on his conviction for arson in the first degree in violation of O.C.G.A. § 16.7.60, see doc. 181, Exh. B
It follows that movant cannot rely upon § 2255(h)(2) to permit his indisputably successive filing. Therefore, his motion is procedurally barred and must be
This Report and Recommendation (R&R) is submitted to the district judge assigned to this action, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(3)(1)(B) and this Court's Local Rule 72.3. Within 14 clays of service, any party may file written objections to this R&R with the Court and serve a copy on all parties. The document should be captioned "Objections to Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendations." Any request for additional time to file objections should be filed with the Clerk for consideration by the assigned district judge.
After the objections period has ended, the Clerk shall submit this R&R together with any objections to the assigned district judge. The district judge will review the magistrate judge's findings and recommendation pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C). The parties are advised that failure to timely file objections will result in the waiver of rights on appeal. 11th Cir. R. 3-1; see Symonett v. VA. Leasing Corp., 648 F. App'x 787, 790 (11th Cir. 2016); Mitchell v. U.S., 612 F. App'x 542, 545 (11th Cir. 2015).
Ubele's argument that his two drug convictions should not be considered separate offenses, see doc. 170 at 10, has already been considered and rejected at sentencing, during his direct appeal, and in his original § 2255 motion. Ubele, 215 F. App'x at 973 (determining that the cocaine convictions were temporally distinct crimes); PSR at ¶ 33 (Ubele was charged with distributing cocaine on January 13, 1989, and with trafficking in cocaine on January 19, 1989, and allowed to plead guilty to two counts of possession with intent to distribute cocaine); see also doc. 181-2. As set forth by the Eleventh Circuit: "Although the January 13, 1989, and January 17, 1989, crimes were charged in the same indictment and sentenced at the same time, they are two separate criminal episodes for purposes of the ACCA because the crimes were successive rather than simultaneous." Ubele, 215 F. App'x at 973. Added to his arson felony, Ubele has the requisite three ACCA predicates for sentencing enhancement.