ELIZABETH A. KOVACHEVICH, District Judge.
This cause is before the Court on:
Crossclaim Plaintiffs Marvin I. Kaplan, R1A Palms, LLC, Triple Net Exchange, LLC, MK Investing, LLC and BNK Smith, LLC ("Kaplan Parties") move to exclude from evidence the testimony and report of Crossclaim Defendant Bridgeview Bank Group's expert witness, Ivan Garces.
Crossclaim Plaintiffs contend that the findings in the Expert Report (April 14, 2015), and Supplemental Reports (May 14, 2015, June 15, 2015) of Ivan A. Garces should be excluded from evidence because they are inadmissible legal conclusions, because they embrace an Ultimate issue to be decided by the trier of fact, because they are irrelevant, and because they do not meet
Crossclaim Defendant Bridgeview Bank Group's expert witness provided an opinion on the following issues: 1) the use of the term "Refer to Maker" as a reason for a returned check; 2) whether Bridgeview Bank Group returned the checks in compliance with the time requirement set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations; 3) calculation of the annualized rate of return on investments; 4) at the time that Bridgeview Bank Group cleared incoming checks for payment, whether the SAA bank account had sufficient funds to pay the inclearing checks; and 5) whether Bridgeview Bank Group complied with the law and industry standards in charging overdraft fees.
Crossclaim Defendant Bridgeview Bank Group responds that Mr. Garces was qualified to testify, Mr. Garces determined the appropriate regulatory standards by reviewing appropriate sources, and Mr. Garces considered factual information as to industry use of the "Return to Maker" return designation, the return of the First Deal and Second Deal Checks, Bridgeview Bank Group's "pay-all" check system, and Bridgeview Bank Group's overdraft services and overdraft fees. Crossclaim Defendant Bridgeview Bank Group further argues that Mr. Garces' conclusions are admissible because they are based on factual information that is verifiable and reliable, they are sufficiently documented, and they assist the trier of fact by explaining relevant issues which are beyond the experience of the average citizen.
The district court serves as a gatekeeper to the admission of scientific testimony.
The district court considers whether:
2. The methodology by which the expert reaches his conclusions is sufficiently reliable as determined by the sort of inquiry mandated in
"While scientific training or education may provide possible means to qualify, experience in a field may offer another path to expert status."
A qualified expert, however, must still offer reliable testimony.
The district court must determine whether the proposed testimony is sufficiently relevant. Expert testimony is considered relevant when "it logically advances a material aspect of the proposing party's case."
It is not the role of the district court to make ultimate conclusions as to the persuasiveness of the proffered evidence. "A district court's gatekeeper role under
The Expert Report identifies Mr. Garces' education, professional certifications and experience in rendering expert opinions in the banking industry. Mr. Garces has provided expert testimony in six banking and regulatory matters in state and federal courts in Florida within the last five years, and has co-authored over fifteen banking and compliance articles.
After consideration, the Court finds that Mr. Garces is qualified by his education, training and experience.
Crossclaim Defendant Bridgeview Bank Group ("BBG") argues that Mr. Garces used a reliable methodology. Non-scientific, experience-based opinions and testimony, such as that of Mr. Garces, will be admissible where "properly grounded, well-reasoned, and non-speculative."
Crossclaim Defendant BBG argues that Mr. Garces gathered documentation concerning the reason BBG return the First Deal Checks and Second Deal Checks RTM, and industry usage of the RTM designation, including its availability, usage and circumstances under which it is used. Mr. Garces then applied the industry comments and historical use of the RTM designation to the facts at issue, opining whether BGG's return of the First Deal Checks and Second Deal Checks complied with industry comments and standards.
As to the Supplemental Report, Crossclaim Defendant BBG argues that Mr. Garces gathered documentation concerning BBG's "pay-all" check paying system, by which all checks automatically post to a customer's account on presentment, together with BBG's records for the SAA account at issue. BBG argues that Mr. Garces reliably applied the methodology, i.e. reviewing the check paying system and the bank records to support the transactions reviewed (bank statements and wire transfer receipts), and determined that, when a pay or return decision was due from BBG, there were sufficient funds to pay the checks presented against the SAA account, and there was never a check paid against insufficient funds.
As to the Rebuttal Report, Mr. Garces reviewed industry standards concerning overdraft services and overdraft fees against which BBG's conduct could be measured. Mr. Garces then applied the facts [BBG's conduct] against the standard [overdraft services and overdraft fees] and determined that BBG's conduct was permissible according to the standard.
The opinions at issue are not scientific opinions and do not apply scientific techniques or theories; the
Crossclaim Defendant BBG argues that Mr. Garces has not offered legal opinions, but does offer his opinion that BBG's use of the RTM designation was permissible and consistent with industry comments on the subject, and that BBG provided notice of non-payment within the time requirements of 12 C.F.R. Sec. 229.33.
Crossclaim Defendant BBG argues that Mr. Garces' Reports and opinions assist the trier of fact by explaining bank systems and regulations. Crossclaim Defendant BBG further argues that the processes and procedures that a bank utilizes to pay or return a check are beyond the experience of the average citizen. BBG argues that experts are permitted to opine on whether a party acted in compliance with industry standards, and an expert may opine on regulatory compliance.
After consideration, the Court finds that the opinions of Mr. Garces are relevant and may assist the trier of fact. Accordingly, it is