LISA G. WOOD, Chief District Judge.
Presently before the Court are Petitioner Everette Simmons' ("Simmons") Objections to the Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation dated June 18, 2015. Dkt. No. 16. After an independent and de novo review of the entire record, the Court
Simmons is currently incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Institution in Jesup, Georgia. Simmons was convicted in the Eastern District of Missouri after a jury trial of conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 and 841(a)(1). Simmons was sentenced to 110 months' imprisonment. Dkt. No. 9-8, p. 2. Simmons' trial counsel filed an
In 2011, Simmons filed a motion to vacate, set aside, or correct his sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 in the Eastern District of Missouri. In that motion, Simmons asserted: his involvement in the conspiracy rested solely on his co-conspirators' statements of past activities they already achieved, in violation of Federal Rules of Evidence 801(d) (2) (E); trial counsel was ineffective by not challenging the use of the Government's expert, Salvatore Cira; the jury was tampered with because a Drug Enforcement Agency agent had a conversation with a juror; the prosecution used a surprise rebuttal witness, Amanda Gabriel; counsel was ineffective because he failed to file a motion for judgment of acquittal; the Government presented a false date for the end of the conspiracy, which was a deliberate deception; he was prejudiced because his counsel was ineffective; and prosecutorial misconduct. Dkt. No. 9-6, pp. 21-44. In denying Simmons' motion, the Eastern District of Missouri determined that Simmons' ineffective assistance of counsel claims were without merit and that he had procedurally defaulted on his remaining claims. Dkt. No. 1-1, pp. 3-15. Simmons filed a motion for reconsideration of the order denying his Section 2255 motion, and the Eastern District of Missouri denied his motion. Simmons filed an appeal, and the Eighth Circuit denied Simmons a certificate of appealability and dismissed his appeal. Dkt. No. 9, p. 3. The United States Supreme Court denied Simmons' petition for writ of certiorari.
Simmons commenced this action on December 29, 2014, by filing a petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Simmons offered numerous arguments in support of his Petition. He asserted he was denied a fair and impartial trial, in violation of the Sixth Amendment, as well as the due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Simmons also asserted the indictments against him were defective because the indictments listed the end of the conspiracy as occurring on December 4, 2008, and July 9, 2009, even though the evidence at trial showed the conspiracy ended on October 30, 2008. Dkt. No. 1, p. 2.
Additionally, Simmons alleged the trial court erred by denying his motion to sever, which deprived him of "an appreciable chance for acquittal[.]"
Simmons also contended the trial court erred by allowing Salvatore Cira to provide his expert testimony regarding drug couriers' practices as substantive evidence.
The Magistrate Judge determined Simmons failed to satisfy Section 2255's savings clause. Dkt. No. 16, pp. 5-6. The Magistrate Judge also determined Simmons' Section 2241 petition was nothing more than an attempt to file a second or successive Section 2255 motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h).
Simmons filed Objections to the Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation. In his Objections, Simmons maintains his Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d) (2) (E) claim was "fraudulently procedurally barred" by the trial court judge.
The basis of Simmons' Rule 801(d) (2) (E) argument before the Eastern District of Missouri court was that hearsay statements were used against him in violation of Rule 801(d) (2) (E) because these statements were made to authorities after the end of the conspiracy. Dkt. No. 9-6, p. 5. Simmons also argued his appointed counsel was ineffective because he failed to review and understand the hearsay exceptions and did not present any argument against these statements' admissibility.
Upon review of Simmons' motion and the Government's response thereto, the Eastern District of Missouri grouped Simmons' grounds for relief in three (3) general categories: prosecutorial misconduct, jury tampering, and ineffective assistance of counsel. Dkt. No. 9-8, p. 4. As relevant here, the Eastern District of Missouri noted Simmons' assertion that the Government deliberately deceived the court by giving a false date for the end of the conspiracy so that it could use statements from his coconspirators, in violation of Rule 801(d)(2)(E).
As to Simmons' contention his counsel provided ineffective assistance for failing to file a pretrial motion to challenge the statements of his coconspirators, the Eastern District of Missouri determined Simmons' claim must fail. First, the court noted the record refuted Simmons' assertions, as Simmons had waived his right to file any pretrial motions in open court and under oath.
Contrary to Simmons' assertions in his Objections, the Eastern District of Missouri addressed his Rule 801(d) (2) (E) arguments as a claim of prosecutorial misconduct and as a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Simmons raised his Rule 801(d) (2) (E) argument in his motion for reconsideration of the denial of his Section 2255 motion, and claimed he was entitled to his requested relief. Mot. for Recons. at 3-4,
As the Magistrate Judge determined, Simmons fails to satisfy Section 2255's savings clause to permit him to proceed with his Section 2241 petition. To proceed under Section 2241, Simmons must show the remedy afforded by Section 2255 is "inadequate or ineffective" to challenge the validity of his conviction.
Simmons' Objections, dkt. no. 19, are
In the Eleventh Circuit, under the procedural default rule, "a defendant generally must advance an available challenge to a criminal conviction or sentence on direct appeal or else the defendant is barred from presenting that claim in a § 2255 proceeding."
The Eighth Circuit has stated, "[a] § 2255 petition is not a second direct appeal and issues raised for the first time in a § 2255 petition are procedurally defaulted."