PHIPPS, Presiding Judge.

Grady Memorial Hospital Corporation d/b/a Grady Health System ("Hospital") filed a complaint against the Georgia Department of Corrections ("DOC") and Douglas County, Georgia, seeking payment for emergency medical care provided by the Hospital to an inmate who had been injured while housed at the Douglas County Jail. The DOC and Douglas County moved for summary judgment based on sovereign immunity; Douglas County additionally moved for summary judgment based on the Hospital's alleged failure to comply with the notice provisions of OCGA § 36-11-1. The trial court denied both defendants' motions for summary judgment. For the reasons that follow, we reverse the judgments.

Further, "[w]hether sovereign immunity has been waived is a matter of law, which we review de novo."2

The record reveals that Shaun Hood was an inmate at a DOC state prison when the DOC transferred physical custody of Hood to the Douglas County Sheriff on or about July 10, 2008 pursuant to a superior court production order, so that Hood would be available for trial in a Douglas County criminal case. The production order further provided that after his court appearance, Hood was to be returned by the Douglas County Sheriff or his deputies to the custody of the DOC. On or about August 11, 2008, while he was being housed in the Douglas County Jail, Hood was injured. Douglas County sheriff's deputies transported Hood to Grady Memorial Hospital, where he remained until August 31, 2008. The sheriff's deputies returned Hood to the custody of the DOC in September 2008.

Case No. A15A0549

1. The trial court denied the DOC's motion for summary judgment on the basis that the state's sovereign immunity was waived under OCGA § 42-5-2. The DOC contends that this was error because, inter alia, OCGA § 42-5-2 requires the governmental entity to have physical custody of the inmate, which the DOC did not.

The party seeking to benefit from a waiver of sovereign immunity has the burden of establishing that sovereign immunity has been waived.4

The Hospital has contended, below and on appeal, that OCGA § 42-5-2 establishes a waiver of sovereign immunity. That statute pertinently provides:

The cited statute does not establish a waiver of sovereign immunity under the circumstances presented in this case, because Hood was not in the physical custody of the DOC at the time he was injured and taken for treatment at the Hospital. Physical custody of Hood had been transferred from the DOC to the Sheriff of Douglas County pursuant to a court order. Under the express terms of OCGA § 42-5-2, the DOC was not responsible for the costs of Hood's medical care.

There being no waiver of sovereign immunity in this case pursuant to OCGA § 42-5-2, the trial court erred by denying the DOC's motion for summary judgment based on sovereign immunity.

Case No. A15A0550

2. Douglas County contends that, even assuming arguendo that sovereign immunity for counties was waived by OCGA § 42-5-2, the trial court erred by concluding that the Hospital had complied with the notice requirement of OCGA § 36-11-1.

OCGA § 36-11-1 pertinently provides: "All claims against counties must be presented within 12 months after they accrue or become payable or the same are barred." "[W]hile the ... statute requires simply that a claim be presented within 12 months, the cases have held that such claims must be presented in writing, and a mere oral statement is insufficient."5 "Formal, written notice is required."6 The burden is on the plaintiff to prove that it substantially complied with the statute.7

In its appellate brief, the Hospital points to the following as evidence that it served the required notice on Douglas County: the Hospital's discovery response in which counsel for the Hospital stated that the Hospital had sent a bill to the Douglas County Police Department showing Hood's medical costs; an unsigned form titled "Medical Cost Reimbursement Report," on which Hood's name and medical expenses were written, and which Douglas County apparently would submit or would have submitted to the DOC; a letter purportedly written by counsel for the Douglas County Sheriff to an official at the DOC; a printout of an email regarding the hospital bill, purportedly written by counsel for Douglas County and directed to an individual whose relationship to this case was not indicated; and written summaries of phone conversations purportedly held between various parties regarding the medical bill. None of the documents was sworn, certified or otherwise authenticated.

Unauthenticated documents cannot be considered in opposition to a motion for summary judgment.8 In any event, the Hospital has not pointed to any formal, written notice of the claim that it gave to Douglas County.9 Therefore, the trial court erred by denying Douglas County's motion for summary judgment.

3. In light of our holding in Division 2,10 we do not consider Douglas County's contention that it was entitled to summary judgment on the additional ground that "OCGA § 42-5-2 does not create a cause of action against Georgia counties."

Judgments reversed.

DOYLE, C.J., and BOGGS, J., concur fully in Divisions 1 and 3, and concur in judgment only as to Division 2.