G.R. SMITH, Magistrate Judge.
Before the Court in this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 case are plaintiff Darius Green's two motions to compel and for sanctions, docs. 29 & 30; his
Some background: Green, a transgendered ex-inmate of Rogers State Prison (RSP), claims that he begged to be placed into protective custody after fellow-inmate Darryl Ricard repeatedly sexually assaulted him. Doc. 1 at 1-2. According to Green, Lieutenant Torie Grubbs had officer "John Doe" (real name unknown at this juncture) place Green into protective custody with Ricard, who then raped him. Id. at 2, 13-14. Green then filed this action against Grubbs and several other prison officials. Doc. 1. The district judge has since resolved six motions to dismiss filed by various groups of defendants. See docs. 68 & 78.
Green moves the Court to compel a non-party, the Georgia Department of Corrections (GDOC), to provide discovery. Docs. 29 & 30. He claims that the GDOC's Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(b)(6) representative, Annettia Toby, was woefully unprepared and thus effectively failed to appear for the GDOC's deposition. Doc. 29. He also complains that the GDOC has failed to provide adequate response to some requests for production. Doc. 30.
Green asserts that Toby, Deputy Warden of Security at RSP, was either unprepared or unable to provide knowledgeable answers to the following topics:
Doc. 28-1 at 2-3 (subpoena) (footnote added); see doc. 29 at 11-13 (motion to compel). He asks the Court to order "as a matter of established fact[] that the subject checklists are missing," and to preclude the GDOC or any defendants from introducing evidence implying otherwise. Doc. 29 at 14. He also wants the GDOC to prepare a second designee who knows all security personnel working on the dates in question and "can testify to topic areas numbers 1 & 2" of the subpoena. Id. Finally, he wants the GDOC to bear the expenses of the second deposition and to appear at his attorney's law office. Id.
During her deposition, Toby insisted that she investigated all three topics as best she could. Doc. 28 at 4-7. She reviewed several documents emailed to her, along with the incident report regarding Green's rape by Ricard, and she spoke with staff members who were listed on the incident report. Id. at 4. Specifically, she contacted Wayne Jordan, Torie Grubbs, and Sergeant Brad Westberry. Id. at 4-7. Grubbs was not very forthcoming, stating only that he remembered the incident "and something about it's an ongoing case." Id. at 7. Westberry stated that he did not recall the incident. Id. at 7. What Jordan knew is unclear since Green's attorney never questioned Toby about this. See doc. 28. Despite her efforts, Toby could not locate officer Benjamin Mourad because he no longer works at RSP. Id. In other words, her investigation was largely fruitless.
Toby also stated that she was unable to find out who actually transported Green to protective custody or who placed Ricard into her cell. Id. at 4. And although the GDOC provided Green with "isolation checklists" from days before and after the incident, Toby could not find Ricard's or Green's checklists covering the night of the rape despite engaging additional prison personnel to help her search. Id. at 5-7. The GDOC records Toby did find only showed that Green alleged in a grievance that Grubbs put him in the cell. Id. at 5.
The missing isolation checklists are just that — missing. The Court need not issue an "order" to that effect as Green requests. Nor will the Court infer nefarious conduct by the GDOC (such as destroying the checklists) absent evidence, which plaintiff fails to provide. In any case, "[a]bsolute perfection is not required of a 30(b)(6) witness. The mere fact that a designee could not answer every question on a certain topic does not necessarily mean that the [organization] failed to comply with its obligation." See QBE Ins. Corp. v. Jorda Enters., 277 F.R.D. 676, 690 (S.D. Fla. 2012).
Here, the GDOC provided RSP's Deputy Warden of Security as its Rule 30(b)(6) deponent. She prepared for the deposition but uncovered little responsive information during her investigation. With less than a week's notice, doc 28-1 at 1, she conducted a reasonable investigation by interviewing Grubbs, Jordan, and Westberry, reviewing the available documents on the incident, and making a good faith effort to locate Ricard's and Green's checklists. See Wilson v. Lackner, 228 F.R.D. 524, 528 (D. Md. 2005) (Rule 30(b)(6) does not require "absolute perfection in preparation," just "a good faith effort . . . to find out the relevant facts — to collect information, review documents, and interview employees with personal knowledge"). Plaintiff, moreover, has not offered any persuasive reason to believe that forcing a second 30(b)(6) deposition would yield a different result.
The Court understands Green's frustration, but is not convinced that the GDOC "willfully obstructed discovery by providing a 30(b)(6) deponent who was woefully under-prepared" and thus failed to appear. Doc. 29 at 8, 13 (emphasis in original, boldface omitted). The Court therefore
QBE Ins. Corp., 277 F.R.D. at 690. If the GDOC attempts to provide testimony or evidence at trial which differs from the answers provided during Toby's deposition, plaintiff can object on that basis.
Plaintiff also moves to compel discovery responses from the GDOC. Doc. 30. He contends the GDOC has, without sufficient justification, failed to respond to eight requests for production.
In request 3, plaintiff seeks "[a]ll video surveillance that captures the image of Darius Ishun Green from the date Green entered [RSP] through the date that Green left [RSP]." Doc. 30 at 3. In its written objections, the GDOC argued that "production of any such videos, if they exist, is overly broad and unduly burdensome because it would require the viewing of every video depicting any area of [RSP] for a broad period of time." Id. at 4. Too, says the GDOC, request 3 "would depict areas of the prison and persons in the prison not relevant to this action." Doc. 48 at 6. Finally, it argues that Green "has failed to show how such video surveillance would lead to information that would prove his claim that the specific actions of the actual Defendants resulted in Plaintiff's alleged injuries." Doc. 48 at 6.
The Court agrees with the GDOC that this request is, in the main, overbroad and unduly burdensome, and, further, that Green has failed to explain how it would lead to admissible evidence. Doc. 48 at 6. Green spent years at RSP and was only one of hundreds of inmates at the facility. Assuming that the GDOC even kept all video images during a five-year period, locating all images of plaintiff while at RSP would require the GDOC to review literally tens of thousands of hours of tape in a fishing expedition for potentially incriminating footage.
That said, any video depicting Green's move to protective custody on the night that Ricard raped him would (1) be relevant,
The GDOC states that it "does not appear that the [GDOC] has responsive items in its possession." Doc. 48 at 6 (emphasis added). That equivocation prevents the Court from ascertaining whether the GDOC made reasonable efforts to locate video of Green's transfer to protective custody. The Court therefore
Requests 6 through 8 pertain to "broken or malfunctioning" locks at RSP and security audits from October 1, 2007 through the time Green left RSP in late September 2012.
Whether or not it rises to the level of "semantical games," doc. 56, at 4, the GDOC's distinction between "malfunctioning" and "not secure" is, for purposes of this motion, one without a difference. Plaintiff's claims are, at their core, about unsafe prison conditions and defendants' alleged deliberate indifference to the same. Specifically, he claims that RSP had chronic security issues and that defendants knew of those issues, yet did nothing. See, e.g., doc. 1 at 11-12. If documents exist showing security issues (malfunctioning locks, etc.) with cells holding plaintiff or Ricard, they are indubitably relevant. Documents evidencing larger security concerns, like a wholesale breakdown in the prison's ability to lock any dormitories, also are relevant because they may show prison administrators' awareness of RSP's systemic security flaws. Put differently (and simply), the GDOC's relevancy objection to requests 6 through 8 lacks merit. Plaintiff's motion to compel production of documents responsive to those requests therefore is
Request 9 asks for "[a]ll grievances and complaints written by any officer or employee at [RSP]" from October 1, 2007 until plaintiff's release from RSP "regarding or referencing any security issue at [RSP]." Doc. 30 at 11. In its written responses to plaintiff's requests for production, the GDOC objected because the request (1) is overly broad and unduly burdensome by seeking information for a time frame greater than five years; (2) is unduly vague "in that it potentially includes any document written by any officer or employee of [RSP;]" (3) seeks irrelevant information; and (4) seeks information that would compromise the security of the RSP facility. Doc. 30 at 11. In its brief opposing Green's motion to compel, however, the GDOC simply states that "safety concerns"
The Court agrees that request 9 is overbroad. A prison's purpose is to securely house criminals, most of whom have no desire to be incarcerated. Issues with security are bound to arise. Many of those issues may well have nothing to do with the security issues that allegedly enabled Green's rape. Persistent issues with perimeter security, for instance, although an issue that could prompt complaints by corrections officers and thus arguably falls within request 9, have nothing to do with any of the alleged issues leading to Green's rape and so would be irrelevant to this case.
What is relevant, however, are "grievances and complaints written by" RSP officers and employees, doc. 30 at 11, that address issues like faulty locks, unescorted inmates being allowed in other inmate's cells, or other rapes. Moreover, reviewing RSP officer and employee complaints about security issues is not so burdensome, at least considering GDOC's representations to date. The Court therefore
Requests 15, 16, and 20 seek information about sexual assaults at RSP during the time Green was housed there.
The Court accepts that the GDOC has no way of sorting the reports based upon the victims' gender identity. Nor does Green show that the GDOC is lying or otherwise misleading him and this Court in its response. Hence, Green's motion to compel the GDOC to sort incidents based upon such characteristics is DENIED. Sexual incident reports generally, however, are highly relevant to plaintiff's claim, since they might help establish that RSP's administrators knowingly turned a blind eye to prison sexual assaults in general. That said, the reports no doubt implicate both institutional security considerations and inmate privacy issues. Given those concerns, the Court
Green also moves to depose two prisoners, Joel Reid and Darryl Ricard, at their respective places of imprisonment. Docs. 40 & 42. Reid "provided a declaration in this case that bears on Plaintiff's claims," doc. 40 at 1, while Ricard is the alleged rapist. Doc. 42 at 2. In their joint status report, both parties stated they would move to depose incarcerated individuals, doc. 32 at 8, though defendants have yet to do so. Defendants also have failed to respond to plaintiff's motions for leave to depose, and so they stand unopposed. See L.R. 7.5 ("Failure to respond within the applicable time period shall indicate that there is no opposition to a motion."). Accordingly, the Court
The Court
Green's motion to compel the production of documents and other tangible items is