Carlo Larose filed a complaint for wrongful attempted foreclosure and related claims against Bank of America, NA and others. The defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim. The trial court granted the motions to dismiss, and Larose appeals pro se. We affirm for the reasons set forth below.
(Citation and punctuation omitted.) Anderson v. Daniel, 314 Ga.App. 394, 395, 724 S.E.2d 401 (2012).
So construed, the pleadings show that on October 14, 2005, Larose obtained a mortgage loan from America's Wholesale Lenders, executing a promissory note in the principal amount of $120,000 and a deed securing the debt. The security deed provided that Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. ("MERS") was authorized to act as "nominee" on behalf of America's Wholesale Lenders and had "the right to foreclose and sell the Property; and to take any action required of Lender including, but not limited to releasing and cancelling this Security Instrument." The note provided that it was transferable by the lender, America's Wholesale, but made no mention of MERS. In 2011, MERS purportedly transferred and assigned both the security deed and the note to Bank of New York Mellon. After Larose allegedly defaulted on the loan and a non-judicial foreclosure sale was initiated, but prior to actual foreclosure, Larose filed the instant action.
As the trial court noted in its order, Larose "contends that the Assignment was invalid because MERS was never the owner and holder of the Note. Therefore, according to [Larose], MERS was without authority to execute an assignment to [Bank of New York Mellon] and, following this logic, [the bank] was without authority to foreclose." In dismissing the complaint, the trial court went on to hold that it was not persuaded by Larose's "insistence that the foreclosing entity must be a holder in due course and produce the Note before it can carry out the foreclosure." The trial court further found that Larose had not cited "any Georgia statute or decision interpreting Georgia law that precludes the holder of the security deed from proceeding with a foreclosure sale simply because it does not also possess the promissory note." On appeal, Larose asserts that the trial court erred (1) in dismissing his complaint for wrongful disclosure based upon a finding that an assignment of the note, along with the security deed, was unnecessary for foreclosure; and (2) in ruling as a matter of law that MERS' assignment of the security deed was valid.
With regard to Larose's first enumeration, we are bound by the reasoning in this Court's case of Montgomery v. Bank of America, ___ Ga.App. ___ (2), 740 S.E.2d 434 (2013), issued today on this very issue. Montgomery holds that nothing in Georgia law requires that an assignee of a security deed granting the right to foreclose must also hold the note before initiating foreclosure proceedings. See e.g., OCGA § 44-14-64(b) ("Transfers of deeds to secure debt ... shall be sufficient to transfer the property therein described and the indebtedness therein secured, whether the indebtedness is evidenced by a note or other instrument"); LaCosta v. McCalla Raymer, LLC, 2011 WL 166902, at *5 (N.D.Ga. Civil Action No. 1:10-CV-1171-RWS, decided January 18, 2011) (finding no Georgia statute or decision interpreting Georgia law that precludes the holder of security deed from proceeding with a foreclosure sale simply because it does not also possess the promissory note). See also Menyah v. BAC Home Loans Servicing, L.P., 2013 WL 1189498 (N.D.Ga. Civil Action No. 1:12-CV-0228-RWS, decided March 21,
We also find no merit to Larose's argument that the assignment by MERS to the Bank of New York Mellon was invalid. The security deed signed by Larose granted and conveyed Larose's property to MERS, its successors and assigns, along with the power of sale, stating that "if necessary to comply with law or custom, MERS ... has the right to exercise: any or all of [the interests granted to MERS by Larose], including but not limited to, the right to foreclose and sell the Property...." Thus, we find persuasive the cases from the Northern District of Georgia holding that such language grants MERS the power of assignment:
Alexis v. Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc., 2012 WL 716161, at *3(1) (N.D.Ga., Civil Action No. 1:11-CV-01967-RWS, decided March 5, 2012). See also Menyah, 2013 WL 1189498 (because the borrower was not a party to the assignment, he has no standing to contest its validity); Adams v. Mortg. Elec. Registration Systems, Inc., 2012 WL 1319453, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 54000 (N.D.Ga. Case No. 1:11-CV-04263-RWS, April 16, 2012). Accordingly, Larose granted MERS the full power to assign the property to a third party such as the Bank of New York Mellon, and his argument that the assignment was invalid is without merit.
The dissent would remand this case because this Court previously declined to decide the issue raised in Larose's first enumeration of error in U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Phillips, 318 Ga.App. 819, 734 S.E.2d 799 (2012). In Phillips, this Court remanded the issue to the trial court pending a decision by our Supreme Court on the certified question of "whether a [security] deed holder who does not also hold the note, or have an interest in the underlying debt obligation, can validly institute foreclosure proceedings." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Id. at 826(4), 734 S.E.2d 799. But Phillips is not binding on this issue, as it reflects only a remand to await a decision from the Supreme Court, not a legal holding. Montgomery, however, is binding precedent. Additionally, the Phillips decision addressed the other enumerations of error raised by the appellant, but the dissent, without justification, chooses not address Larose's second enumeration of error regarding the validity of MERS' assignment of the security deed, an issue that does not turn on any question certified to the Supreme Court. Chae Yi You v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 2012 WL 3904363, at *6, *9 (N.D.Ga., Civil Action No. 1:12-CV-202-JEC-AJB, decided September 7, 2012).
Moreover, we are obligated by statute to decide the case under the current law even though the Supreme Court of Georgia may at some point address the issue raised in Larose's first enumeration of error. As noted by our Supreme Court, "[t]he General Assembly has made it clear that all points raised in an appeal are to be considered by the appellate court." Felix v. State, 271 Ga. 534, 538, 523 S.E.2d 1 (1999). This Court, therefore, is bound by the statutory mandate that the Appellate Practice Act is to be "liberally construed so as to bring about a decision on the merits of every case appealed and to avoid dismissal of any case or refusal to consider any points raised therein." (Emphasis supplied.) OCGA § 5-6-30. See also OCGA § 5-6-48(b) (appellate courts may not refuse to consider any enumeration of error, except under three exceptions not applicable
Therefore, we see no compelling reason, and the dissent offers none, why we should ignore the legislature's mandate to decide every case on the merits. Instead, we must reach the merits of Larose's appeal, and finding no error by the trial court, we affirm the order dismissing Larose's complaint for failure to state a claim.
Judgment affirmed with direction.
BARNES, P.J., RAY and BRANCH, JJ., concur.
DOYLE, P.J., concurs fully and specially.
MILLER, P.J., and McFADDEN, J., dissent.
DOYLE, Presiding Judge, concurring fully and specially.
I concur fully with the majority. I write separately only to note that while I concurred in the opinion in U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Phillips,
McFADDEN, Judge, dissenting.
I respectfully dissent. The central issue presented by this case is whether a security deed holder who does not also hold the promissory note can validly institute foreclosure proceedings. This very issue is pending before the Georgia Supreme Court on a certified question from a federal district court because there is no clear Georgia precedent on this matter. Accordingly, rather than rendering an opinion that may ultimately be inconsistent with our Supreme Court's decision and for purposes of judicial economy, we should vacate the trial court's order of dismissal, remand the case to the trial court, and direct the trial court to stay further proceedings until the Supreme Court's decision on this dispositive issue. We recently did exactly that in another case presenting this same issue: U.S. Bank, NA v. Phillips, 318 Ga.App. 819, 826(4), 734 S.E.2d 799 (2012). I recognize that, in another case decided today, we follow the approach advocated by the majority. Montgomery v. Bank of America, ___ Ga.App. ___ (2), 740 S.E.2d 434 (2013). But I think the approach followed in U.S. Bank, NA v. Phillips is the better approach.
On appeal, Larose contends that the trial court erred in dismissing the wrongful attempted foreclosure claim and based on that error it also improperly dismissed the other related claims. Larose argues that Georgia law mandates that a bank hold both the security deed and the note in order to initiate foreclosure proceedings. Thus, it is apparent that the instant case raises the very question that is presently before our Supreme Court and that led this court to vacate, remand, and stay in U.S. Bank, NA.
(Punctuation omitted.) U.S. Bank, NA, supra. It is true that Larose enumerates a second error regarding the validity of MERS's assignment of the security deed, but that issue is intertwined with the question pending before our Supreme Court.
Notwithstanding that pending certified question, the majority resolves this case on the merits. Its resolution may well match the decision eventually reached by our Supreme Court. But it may not. That court's analysis may diverge from ours — perhaps substantially, perhaps just enough to confound the parties and the trial court.
There is a split of authority in the Northern District of Georgia on this issue-which is why that court certified the question. See You v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., No. 1:12-cv-202-JEC-AJB, 2012 WL 3904363, at *5(III)(C), 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 127461, at *16(III)(C) (N.D.Ga. Sept. 7, 2012). In her Order and Opinion certifying the question, Chief Judge Carnes acknowledged that the reasoning which the majority has adopt has been adopted by "most judges" in the Northern District of Georgia and "is grounded in well-established principles of contract law." Id. at *4. That reasoning
Id. at *5.
There is no merit to the majority's suggestion that we are compelled to disregard that split of authority and the pending certified question by OCGA § 5-6-30, OCGA § 5-6-48(b), or by our Supreme Court's decision in Felix v. State, 271 Ga. 534, 523 S.E.2d 1 (1999). Section 5-6-30 provides that the Appellate Practice Act is to be liberally construed. Section 5-6-48(b) pertains to dismissals of appeals. Felix disapproved this court's former practice of frequently refusing to address issues based on perceived deficiencies in enumerations of error. So the application of those authorities to the procedural dilemma before us is attenuated at best. The majority's argument that a remand is contrary to our statutory obligations ignores U.S. Bank, NA, supra, which is directly on point and in which this court took the very action being taken in this case.
As in U.S. Bank, NA, the circumstances here are analogous to those in which a trial court's summary judgment ruling relied on an erroneous legal theory. "In such cases we have discretion either to [reach the merits] or to return the case to the trial court for further proceedings." McRae v. Hogan, 317 Ga.App. 813, 818(4), 732 S.E.2d 853 (2012). "[J]udicial economy may be maximized by returning the case to the trial court upon the appellate court's discovery that the trial court relied on an erroneous legal theory or reasoning.... Which course to pursue must be left to the appellate court's discretion." (Emphasis supplied.) Id., quoting City of Gainesville v. Dodd, 275 Ga. 834, 838-839, 573 S.E.2d 369 (2002).
In this case, as the issue is pending before our Supreme Court, we cannot authoritatively determine whether or not the trial court relied on an erroneous legal theory in dismissing
Accordingly, as we did in U.S. Bank, NA, we should remand this case to the trial court and direct that further proceedings should be stayed pending the Supreme Court's decision in You. The trial court should be directed, upon decision by our Supreme Court, to reconsider the motion to dismiss and enter an order consistent with that opinion. The parties would, of course, be entitled to pursue appropriate appellate rights from that trial court order.
I am authorized to state that Presiding Judge MILLER joins in this dissent.