REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION

KAREN L. LITKOVITZ, Magistrate Judge.

Plaintiff brings this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3) for judicial review of the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security (Commissioner) denying plaintiffs application for disability insurance benefits (DIB) and issuing a partially favorable decision on plaintiff's application for supplemental security income (SSI). This matter is before the Court on plaintiffs Statement of Errors (Doc. 9), the Commissioner's response in opposition (Doc. 15), and plaintiff's reply (Doc. 20).

I. Procedural Background

Plaintiff protectively filed his applications for DIB and SSI in September 2011, alleging disability since July 28, 2006, due to depression, foot pain, decreased lung ability, respiratory problems, diabetes, and lower back problems.1 These applications were denied initially and upon reconsideration. Plaintiff, through counsel, requested and was granted a de novo hearing before administrative law judge (ALJ) Larry A. Temin. Plaintiff and a vocational expert (VE) appeared and testified at the ALJ hearing. On February 7, 2014, the ALJ issued a partially favorable decision finding plaintiff became disabled on May 10, 2012, but was not disabled prior to that date. Plaintiffs request for review by the Appeals Council was denied, making the decision of the ALJ the final administrative decision of the Commissioner.

II. Analysis

A. Legal Framework for Disability Determinations

To qualify for disability benefits, a claimant must suffer from a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(1)(A) (DIB), 1382c(a)(3)(A) (SSI). The impairment must render the claimant unable to engage in the work previously performed or in any other substantial gainful employment that exists in the national economy. 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(2), 1382c(a)(3)(B).

Regulations promulgated by the Commissioner establish a five-step sequential evaluation process for disability determinations:

Rabbers v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 582 F.3d 647, 652 (6th Cir. 2009) (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(v), 404. 1520(b)-(g)). The claimant has the burden of proof at the first four steps of the sequential evaluation process. Id.; Wilson v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 378 F.3d 541, 548 (6th Cir. 2004). Once the claimant establishes a prima facie case by showing an inability to perform the relevant previous employment, the burden shifts to the Commissioner to show that the claimant can perform other substantial gainful employment and that such employment exists in the national economy. Rabbers, 582 F.3d at 652; Harmon v. Apfel, 168 F.3d 289, 291 (6th Cir. 1999).

B. The Administrative Law Judge's Findings

The ALJ applied the sequential evaluation process and made the following findings of fact and conclusions of law:

(Tr. 15-22).

C. Judicial Standard of Review

Judicial review of the Commissioner's determination is limited in scope by 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) and involves a twofold inquiry: (1) whether the findings of the ALJ are supported by substantial evidence, and (2) whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards. See Blakley v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 581 F.3d 399, 406 (6th Cir. 2009); see also Bowen v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 478 F.3d 742, 745-46 (6th Cir. 2007).

The Commissioner's findings must stand if they are supported by "such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion." Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (citing Consolidated Edison Co. v. N.L.R.B., 305 U.S. 197, 229 (1938)). Substantial evidence consists of "more than a scintilla of evidence but less than a preponderance. . . ." Rogers v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 241 (6th Cir. 2007). In deciding whether the Commissioner's findings are supported by substantial evidence, the Court considers the record as a whole. Hephner v. Mathews, 574 F.2d 359 (6th Cir. 1978).

The Court must also determine whether the ALJ applied the correct legal standards in the disability determination. Even if substantial evidence supports the ALJ's conclusion that the plaintiff is not disabled, "a decision of the Commissioner will not be upheld where the SSA fails to follow its own regulations and where that error prejudices a claimant on the merits or deprives the claimant of a substantial right." Rabbers, 582 F.3d at 651 (quoting Bowen, 478 F.3d at 746). See also Wilson, 378 F.3d at 545-46 (reversal required even though ALJ's decision was otherwise supported by substantial evidence where ALJ failed to give good reasons for not giving weight to treating physician's opinion, thereby violating the agency's own regulations).

D. Opinion

On appeal, plaintiff alleges two assignments of error. (Doc. 9). First, plaintiff alleges that the ALJ erred by failing to properly weigh the medical opinion evidence in selecting an onset date of disability of May 10, 2012, instead of an earlier onset date to coincide with his September 2010 hospitalization for his pulmonary impairment. Second, plaintiff alleges that the ALJ erred in evaluating his credibility. The Commissioner contends that plaintiff has waived his arguments by failing to develop them and to provide any legal or factual support for the arguments. (Doc. 15 at 8-9). The Commissioner further argues that substantial evidence supports the ALJ's decisions as to the weight given the medical opinion evidence and the ALJ's credibility finding. (Id. at 9-21).

As an initial matter, the Court disagrees with the Commissioner that plaintiff has waived any argument pertaining to the weight the ALJ gave the medical opinions of record under Sixth Circuit law. See Rice v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., 169 F. App'x 452, 454 (6th Cir. 2006) (a plaintiffs failure to develop an argument in a Statement of Errors challenging an ALJ's nondisability determination amounts to a waiver of that argument); McPherson v. Kelsey, 125 F.3d 989, 995-96 (6th Cir. 1997) ("Issues adverted to in a perfunctory manner, unaccompanied by some effort at developed argumentation, are deemed waived."). In his Statement of Errors and reply memorandum, plaintiff has adequately presented the grounds for his argument that the ALJ erred in weighing the medical opinion evidence. (Docs. 9, 20). Plaintiff has sufficiently articulated his position that the ALJ erred by rejecting the opinions of the impartial medical expert, Dr. Oscar Farmati, M.D., which the ALJ had elicited. The Commissioner acknowledged in her response to the Statement of Errors that plaintiff alleged this error, and the Commissioner thoroughly responded to the alleged error by arguing that the ALJ properly weighed the opinions of Dr. Farmati and the other medical sources of record. (Doc. 15 at 9-16). Accordingly, it is appropriate to consider the merits of plaintiffs first assignment of error.

The ALJ set an onset date of disability of May 10, 2012, "based on the severity of the pulmonary function studies," which established that plaintiff was limited to sedentary work and therefore "disabled" under Medical-Vocational Guideline Rule 201.10. On that date, plaintiff was examined by Dr. Martin Fritzhand, M.D., who assessed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic low back pain, hypertension, and Type II diabetes mellitus. (Tr. 511). Dr. Fritzhand also interpreted pulmonary function studies performed on May 10, 2012, as showing "[s]evere obstructive pulmonary disease with moderately severe restrictive and bronchospastic components." (Tr. 513-14). Dr. Fritzhand opined that plaintiff appeared incapable of performing even a mild amount of sitting, ambulating, standing, bending, pushing, pulling, lifting and carrying heavy objects. (Tr. 511 ).

In declining to select an earlier onset date of disability, the ALJ rejected the opinion of the impartial medical expert, Dr. Farmati, whose opinion the ALJ elicited in this case and who opined that plaintiff was limited to sedentary work as of September 2010.4 Dr. Farmati submitted answers to Medical Interrogatories propounded by the ALJ and completed a Medical Source Statement of Ability to Do Work-Related Activities (Physical). (Tr. 653-55, 656-61). Dr. Farmati reviewed the medical records for the period April 3, 2009 through July 29, 2013 (Tr. 301-652) and reported that the data disclosed a number of positive findings. (Tr. 653). Dr. Farmati noted a background of heavy smoking, chronic bronchitis, recurrent respiratory infections, cough, wheezing, and dyspnea. (Id.). Records from a September 12 through 21, 2010 hospitalization at Clinton Memorial Hospital showed that plaintiff had developed a "pneumonic [right] sided infection complicated with pleurisy [and] empyema necessitating thoracotomy with drainage followed by long antibiotic therapy [and] secondary scarring." (Id.). Dr. Farmati reported that pulmonary function tests performed by Dr. Fritzhand in May 2012 indicated that "after the use of a bronchodilator the FVC = 2.62," which Dr. Farmati opined was not listing level but was "severly [sic] restricted." (Id.). Dr. Farmati opined that although the value of FEV1 of 1.77 after the bronchodilator was above the Listing criteria of 1.55, this was a "technicality." (Id.). In Dr. Farrnati's opinion, the result in combination with plaintiffs other impairments equaled the Listing. (Id.). The medical findings on which Dr. Farmati relied included an "elevated Al C" that was a probable indication of "neuropathy like carpal tunnel syndrome"; lumbar paresthesias; and skeletal issues including trauma to the right shoulder, arthropathy of acromio clavicular joint, degenerative "spondilitic" with discopathy of lumbosacral spine, and partial stenotic segments. (Tr. 653-54). Dr. Farmati opined that plaintiffs impairments in combination equaled Listing 3.02 for pulmonary impairments with an estimated onset date of May 2012 based on Dr. Fritzhand's report. (Tr. 654).

In the RFC assessment (Tr. 656-61), Dr. Farmati opined that plaintiff was limited to a range of sedentary work as of September 2010. In an 8-hour work day plaintiff could sit for a total of 6 hours and for 2 hours without interruption and stand/walk for one hour each and 30 minutes without interruption. (Tr. 657). Plaintiff could lift/carry 15 pounds occasionally, less than 15 pounds frequently, and 10 pounds continuously. (Tr. 656). Plaintiff was limited to occasional reaching with the right upper extremity, including overhead reaching. (Tr. 658). He could frequently push/pull with the lower extremities. (Id.). Plaintiff could frequently kneel; occasionally climb stairs and ladders, balance, stoop, and crouch; and never crawl. (Tr. 659). Plaintiff should never work around unprotected heights, humidity/wetness and dust/odors/fumes/ pulmonary irritants; he could be exposed to temperature extremes on a less than occasional basis; he could occasionally work around moving machinery and vibrations; he could occasionally operate a motor vehicle; and he was limited to moderate exposure to noise. (Tr. 660). Dr. Farmati opined that these limitations dated back to shortly on or before September 2010. (Tr. 661).

The ALJ rejected Dr. Farmati' s opinion that plaintiff was limited to a range of sedentary work shortly on or before September 2010. (Tr. 20).5 The ALJ disagreed with Dr. Farmati's opinion as to the onset date "in light of the evidence and the assessments from state agency evaluators, Ors. Villanueva and McKee, and the assessments of treating sources, Drs. Turba and Cha, who, as discussed [earlier in the ALJ's decision], find the claimant capable of perfonning light work prior during this time frame." (Id.) (emphasis added). The AU noted that the record contained no pulmonary function testing before May 2012, and he stated there was "no examination prior to that date that is inconsistent with an ability to perform work at the light exertional level." (Id.). The AU also stated that one would expect that plaintiff's primary care physician would have obtained pulmonary function testing or referred plaintiff to a pulmonologist for testing if his condition had been as severe as alleged prior to that date. (Id.). FinalJy, the ALJ found that plaintiffs continued smoking was inconsistent with his allegation of a disabling lung condition. (Id.).

The AU's decision to reject Dr. Farmati's opinion that plaintiff was limited to sedentary work as of September 2010 is not supported by substantial evidence. The reasons given by the ALJ for rejecting this opinion do not find support in the medical record.

First, the ALJ relied on the opinions of treating orthopedic surgeons Dr. John Turba, M.D. and Dr. Peter Cha, M.D. who, according to the ALJ, found plaintiff capable of perfonning light work "prior during this timeframe." (Tr. 20) (emphasis added). In addition to failing to clarify the "time frame" he meant to reference, the ALJ did not explain how the treating orthopedists' 2005 and 2008 assessments temporarily restricting plaintiff to "light work" were relevant to Dr. Farmati's assessment of a September 2010 onset date, which was based on an exacerbation of plaintiffs pulmonary conditions. The assessments of the treating orthopedists do not apply to the same "time frame" addressed by Dr. Farmati. Dr. Turba issued his assessment in December 2005, which was before both the onset date alleged by plaintiff and the second shoulder injury he sustained. (Tr. 585). Dr. Cha issued his assessment in September 2008 (Tr. 618), which was two years before the onset date assessed by Dr. Farmati. (Tr. 618). The restrictions the treating orthopedists assessed were temporary and did not extend beyond March 2009. More importantly, the orthopedic assessments were based on their treatment of plaintiffs shoulder impairments, not his pulmonary impairments. (Tr. 585, 618). Plaintiff began treatment with Ors. Turba and Cha beginning in 2005 for shoulder injuries he sustained in two separate workplace accidents. (Tr. 573-84, 593-605; Tr. 301-24, 608-23). Although the treating physicians continued to treat plaintiff subsequent to their 2005 and 2008 assessments, there are no records from Dr. Cha after April 2009 (Tr. 623) or from Dr. Turba after February 2007 (Tr. 605), and neither physician provided any further assessments. The ALJ failed to explain how the orthopedic opinions related to plaintiffs shoulder impairments in 2005 and 2008 undennined the opinion of the pulmonology specialist, Dr. Farmati, that plaintiffs impairments became debilitating in or around September 2010, when plaintiff was hospitalized for a collapsed lung and thoracoscopic surgery. Nor did the ALJ consider that Dr. Farmati's specialties include pulmonology (Tr. 655), which is an important factor to be weighed in this case as the ALJ's disability determination is based on the severity of the pulmonary function tests. (Tr. 20). See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c)(5), 416.927(c)(5)). The ALJ' s reliance on the opinions of Drs. Turba and Cha to reject Dr. Farmati's opinion is without substantial support in the record.

Second, the ALJ relied on the assessments of the nonexamining state agency physicians to find that plaintiff was capable of performing a limited range of light work prior to May 10, 2012, and to reject Dr. Farmati's opinion that plaintiffs disability had its onset in approximately September 2010. (Tr. 19, 20). Dr. Steve McKee, M.D., reviewed the record on May 22, 2012. (Tr. 70-72, 83-85). Dr. Esberdado Villanueva, M.D., reviewed plaintiffs records upon reconsideration on August 31, 2012. (Tr. 95-97). Both determined that plaintiff was capable of performing a restricted range of light work despite the severity of plaintiffs pulmonary function studies, which were part of the record at the time of their reviews. The ALJ gave "great weight" to these assessments, finding they were consistent with the medical evidence and plaintiffs activities of daily living, and rejected Dr. Farmati's opinion of an earlier onset date based on these assessments. (Tr. 19, 20).

While the ALJ gave these opinions "great weight" in finding that plaintiff had the RFC for light work before May 10, 2012, the ALJ necessarily rejected the opinions of Drs. McKee and Villanueva when he determined that plaintiff had the RFC for only sedentary work on and after May 10, 2012. It was inconsistent for the ALJ to give these opinions "great weight" for purposes of plaintiffs functioning before May 10, 2012, and then implicitly reject those opinions for light work after May 10, 2012. Drs. McKee and Villanueva relied on the same evidence for both periods of time. If the state agency reviewing physicians' assessments, which included an assessment of plaintiffs pulmonary function studies, were "consistent with the medical evidence of record," it is not clear why the ALJ did not adopt the limitations assessed in those opinions for the entire period of alleged disability. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c)(3), 416.927(c)(3) (a nontreating source' s opinion is weighed based on how well-supported by evidence the opinion is). The ALJ did not explain why he rejected those opinions to find plaintiff capable of sedentary work on and after May 10, 2012; he did not identify the medical evidence that was consistent with the reviewing physicians' opinions before May 10, 2012; and the basis for the ALJ's finding cannot be discerned from his decision. The ALJ did not fulfill his obligation to provide a reasoned explanation that is sufficient to allow the reviewing Court to ascertain whether the ALJ's decision in this regard is supported by substantial evidence. See Risner v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., No. 1:11-cv-036,2012 WL 893882, at *5 (S.D. Ohio Mar. 15, 2012)

Further, although the ALJ found the opinions of the state agency reviewing physicians were consistent with plaintiffs activities of daily living (Tr. 18-19), the ALJ's finding is not supported by the evidence he cited or the remaining evidence of record. The ALJ did not reasonably rely on plaintiffs activities of daily living to credit the state agency reviewing physicians' opinions and to reject Dr. Farmati's opinion that plaintiffs restrictions limiting him to sedentary work had their onset in September 2010. The ALJ noted that plaintiff had testified and provided information in April and May of 2012 indicating that he likes to work on cars and tries to work on his own car, and his activities included "occasionally tinker[ing]" in his garage, visiting his daughter and talking and watching television with her, riding a mower for short periods of time, going out daily, doing very few household chores, and attending to his personal hygiene. (Tr. 18-19, citing Tr. 231-38, 523-31). Construing the evidence as a whole, these activities are not indicative of plaintiff's ability to perform light work on a regular and continuing basis despite his severe pulmonary impairment. See SSR 96-8P, 1996 WL 374184, at *I (RFC is the assessment of an individual's ability to perform "sustained work-related physical. . . activities in a work setting on a regular and continuing basis . . . [i.e.] 8 hours a day, for 5 days a week, or an equivalent work schedule.").

In addition, the ALJ did not consider the specialties of the reviewing physicians when weighing their opinions despite basing the onset date decision on pulmonary function test results. (Tr. 20). See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(c)(5), 416.927(c)(5) ("We generally give more weight to the opinion of a specialist about medical issues related to his or her area of specialty than to the opinion of a source who is not a specialist."). Specifically, the ALJ did not take into account that whereas Dr. Farmati' s specialties include pulmonology (Tr. 661), reviewing physician Dr. McKee is an emergency medicine specialist (Tr. 75) and Dr. Villanueva is a family medicine physician (Tr. 88). The physicians' specialties are particularly relevant here given that the ALJ determined the onset date based on the results of pulmonary function studies. (Tr. 20). The ALJ erred by failing to take the regulatory factors into account when weighing the non-examining physicians' opinions and by crediting Ors. McKee and Villanueva's opinions over that of Dr. Farmati for reasons that are not substantially supported by the record.

Third, the ALJ cited to the absence of any pulmonary function tests prior to May 10, 2012, and plaintiff's continued smoking throughout 2010 and 2011 to reject Dr. Farmati's assessment of an earlier onset date. The ALJ did not explain how either of these factors was relevant to the onset date determination. While the test results obtained by Dr. Fritzhand are probative of the severity of plaintiffs pulmonary disease, the ALJ did not show there was a similar correlation between the failure of any physician to conduct such testing and plaintiffs pulmonary impairment. The failure to perform or refer plaintiff for pulmonary testing is not probative of the severity of plaintiffs pulmonary disease at a given point in time relative to another. The same is true of plaintiffs smoking habit. Plaintiff continued to smoke throughout the alleged period of disability and was still smoking as of the onset date found by the ALJ. Thus, the ALJ did not reasonably rely on the fact that plaintiff continued to smoke to reject an earlier onset date finding. Neither the failure to obtain pulmonary testing nor plaintiffs smoking are indicative of the severity of plaintiffs pulmonary symptoms for the period predating May 10, 2012, and are not legitimate bases for rejecting Dr. Farmati's assessment of the onset date. The ALJ's reasoning does not "build an accurate and logical bridge" between these factors and the May 2012 onset date finding. See Fleischer v. Astrue, 774 F.Supp.2d 875, 877 (N.D. Ohio 2011) (quoting Sarchet v. Chater, 78 F.3d 305, 307 (7th Cir. 1996)).

Finally, where impairments are progressive in nature, the Commissioner must "infer the onset date from the medical and other evidence that describes the history and symptomology of the disease process." Blankenship v. Bowen, 874 F.2d 1116, 1122 (6th Cir. 1989) (quoting SSR 83-20). Social Security Ruling 83-20 provides in relevant part:

SSR 83-20, 1983 WL 31249, at *2-3 (1983). Here, the ALJ selected the date of Dr. Fritzhand's pulmonary function study as the date of plaintiff's onset of disability. Common sense dictates that plaintiff's pulmonary impairment did not suddenly become disabling on the date his pulmonary functioning was tested and not the week, month, or year before. Dr. Farmati assessed that the severity of plaintiffs pulmonary and other impairments limited him to sedentary work in September 2010, when plaintiff was hospitalized for thoracoscopic surgery. The ALJ should have evaluated the evidence of record, including Dr. Farmati's expert opinion, in inferring the onset date in accordance with SSR 83-20.

In sum, the ALJ did not reasonably rely on the opinions of Drs. Turba and Cha and the reviewing non-specialists to discount Dr. Farmati's opinion as to the onset date. Nor do the opinions of the state agency reviewing physicians, Drs. McKee and Villanueva, provide substantial support for the ALJ's decision to reject Dr. Farmati's opinion. The ALJ's decision to reject Dr. Farmati's opinion is not substantially supported by the record. The ALJ's decision that plaintiff's disability did not have its onset before March 10, 2012, should be reversed and remanded.6

Plaintiff also alleges that the ALJ's credibility finding is not supported by substantial evidence. Resolution of this issue may be impacted by the ALJ's reevaluation of the medical opinion evidence on remand. Accordingly, the Court need not address the ALJ's credibility finding at this time.

III. This matter should be reversed and remanded for further proceedings.

In detennining whether this matter should be reversed outright for an award of benefits or remanded for further proceedings, the Court notes that all essential factual issues have not been resolved in this matter, nor does the current record adequately establish plaintiffs entitlement to benefits as of his alleged onset date. Faucher v. Secretary ofH.H.S., 17 F.3d 171, 176 (6th Cir. 1994). This matter should be remanded for further proceedings, including consideration and reevaluation of the opinions of the medical sources of record, and reassessment of plaintiffs credibility and additional vocational testimony as warranted, consistent with this decision.

IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT:

The decision of the Commissioner be REVERSED and REMANDED for further proceedings pursuant to Sentence Four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g).

NOTICE TO THE PARTIES REGARDING THE FILING OF OBJECTIONS TO R&R

Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b), WITHIN 14 DAYS after being served with a copy of the recommended disposition, a party may serve and file specific written objections to the proposed findings and recommendations. This period may be extended further by the Court on timely motion for an extension. Such objections shall specify the portions of the Report objected to and shall be accompanied by a memorandum of Jaw in support of the objections. If the Report and Recommendation is based in whole or in part upon matters occurring on the record at an oral hearing, the objecting party shall promptly arrange for the transcription of the record, or such portions of it as all parties may agree upon, or the Magistrate Judge deems sufficient, unless the assigned District Judge otherwise directs. A party may respond to another party's objections WITHIN 14 DAYS after being served with a copy thereof. Failure to make objections in accordance with this procedure may forfeit rights on appeal. See Thomas v. Arn, 4 74 U.S. 140 (1985); United States v. Walters, 638 F.2d 947 (6th Cir. 1981).