MARC T. TREADWELL, District Judge.
Before the Court is the Order and Recommendation of Magistrate Judge Stephen Hyles. (Doc. 8). After reviewing the Plaintiff's complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A, the Magistrate Judge recommends allowing the Plaintiff's claims against Dr. Ayers, Dr. McClarin, and Dr. Rogers to go forward and dismissing the Plaintiff's claims against Deputy Warden Glenn Fleming and Sergeant Harrison. The Plaintiff has objected to the Recommendation. (Doc. 10). The Court has reviewed the objection and has made a de novo determination of the portions of the Recommendation to which the Plaintiff objects. The Plaintiff has also filed a timely amended complaint. (Doc. 13); Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1). Because the Plaintiff is a prisoner "seek[ing] redress from a[n] ... officer or employee of a governmental entity," the Court reviews the amended complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A.
The Plaintiff first objects to the dismissal of Deputy Warden Fleming. The Plaintiff asserts an Eighth Amendment claim
In his objection, the Plaintiff points out that the complaint alleges he filed a grievance regarding "the foregoing continuous denial of adequate treatment"— "foregoing" referring to the previous 35 paragraphs of his complaint. He also states he discussed his medical problems with Fleming after he was transferred to Washington State Prison in June 2013. Though the Plaintiff does not explicitly allege the timing of the grievance or discussion with Fleming in his complaint, he does allege that he was transferred to Washington State Prison in June 2013 and that he filed the grievance at Washington State Prison. (Doc. 1, ¶¶ 27, 36).
As the Recommendation points out, the Plaintiff alleges he was under Dr. Rogers's care at Washington State Prison. In the first 35 paragraphs of his complaint, the Plaintiff alleges, among other things, that Dr. Rogers refused to provide the Plaintiff with surgery for both his hernia and "bleeding mole," which was diagnosed as "basal cell cancer," for months. (Doc. 1, ¶¶ 8, 12, 25, 26, 27, 29-33).
To state an Eighth Amendment denial-of-medical-care claim, the Plaintiff must show that: (1) he had an objectively serious medical need; (2) the prison official acted with deliberate indifference to that need; and (3) the injury was caused by the prison official's wrongful conduct. Goebert v. Lee Cnty., 510 F.3d 1312, 1326 (11th Cir. 2007). To show the prison official acted with deliberate indifference, the Plaintiff must establish "(1) subjective knowledge of a risk of serious harm; (2) disregard of that risk; (3) by conduct that is more than [gross] negligence." Id. at 1327 (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Liberally construing the Plaintiff's complaint, it appears the Plaintiff informed Fleming that Dr. Rogers was refusing to provide the Plaintiff with medical treatment for two serious medical conditions, and Fleming took no action. At this stage, the Court cannot say that the Plaintiff's report of his conditions and lack of treatment to Fleming would not have alerted him to a risk of serious harm. Cf. Goebert, 510 F.3d at 1327-28 (prison official found to have subjective knowledge of serious medical need based on prisoner's detailed complaint). Therefore, the Court will allow the Plaintiff's claim against Fleming to proceed.
The Plaintiff also objects to the dismissal of Sergeant Harrison. He contends the Magistrate Judge erred in construing two letters he filed regarding actions taken by Sergeant Harrison as amendments to his complaint and that he intends to file an amendment pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
The Plaintiff alleges that on December 23, 2014, Sergeant Harrison yelled a racially derogatory statement at him because he was moving too slowly during breakfast. (Doc. 13, ¶¶ 4, 5). The Plaintiff contends this incident "caused racial unrest in the cafeteria and the dormitory and subjected plaintiff to harassment and the possibility of harm." (Doc. 13, ¶ 7). Afterwards, the Plaintiff "prepared a statement" regarding Sergeant Harrison's conduct and sent the statement to "Warden Donald Barrow, Internal Affairs, The Southern Center for Human Rights, this Court, and Mrs. Angie Holt." (Doc. 13, ¶ 9).
On January 14, 2015, Sergeant Harrison again yelled at the Plaintiff in the cafeteria in front of approximately 95 other inmates: "[Y]a'll got a snitch-you watch the next one to talk, he a snitch-he [ ] go to medical, then he walk through to the Warden, he snitch-he in y'all dorm-y'all need to get him out-y'all need to watch him-he going to snitch on you-y'all know snitches need to get stiches." (Doc. 13, ¶ 10). The Plaintiff alleges this statement "created extreme racial unrest, humiliation, threats, etc., and placed plaintiff in position to be assaulted by the other prisoners who knew of plaintiff's prior incident with Sgt. Harrison and his filed statement/complaint." (Doc. 13, ¶ 11). Again at breakfast on January 15, 2015, Sergeant Harrison yelled, "[Y]'all still got the snitch in your dorm-get him out or I'm going to make y'all eat last until you get rid of the snitch." (Doc. 13, ¶ 12). This statement also allegedly "subjected [the Plaintiff] to racial unrest, humiliation, threats, etc. and placed him in a position to be assaulted." (Doc. 13, ¶ 13). He also contends "the retaliation has escalated to the point of him being assaulted/killed." (Doc. 13, ¶ 35).
To state a First Amendment retaliation claim, the Plaintiff must show: "first, that his speech or act was constitutionally protected; second, that the defendant's retaliatory conduct adversely affected the protected speech; and third, that there is a causal connection between the retaliatory actions and the adverse effect on speech." Douglas v. Yates, 535 F.3d 1316, 1321 (11th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). To show the conduct had an adverse effect on protected speech, the Plaintiff must show "the [official's] allegedly retaliatory conduct would likely deter a person of ordinary firmness from engaging in such speech." O'Bryant v. Finch, 637 F.3d 1207, 1212 (11th Cir. 2011) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). However, "a plaintiff need not show that his own exercise of First Amendment rights [has] been chilled." Pittman v. Tucker, 213 F. App'x 867, 870 (11th Cir. 2007) (emphasis added).
At this stage, the Court finds the Plaintiff has sufficiently alleged a causal connection between his reporting Sergeant Harrison's December 23 conduct and Sergeant Harrison directing other inmates to harm the Plaintiff on January 14 and 15. Therefore, the Court will allow the First Amendment retaliation claim against Sergeant Harrison to go forward.
Because the Plaintiff is a prisoner seeking redress from prison officials, the Court must dismiss the complaint if it "(1) is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted; or (2) seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief." 28 U.S.C. §1915A(b).
In addition to the retaliation claim, the Plaintiff also attempts to assert an Eighth Amendment claim against Sergeant Harrison. In order to state a claim for an Eighth Amendment violation, the Plaintiff must make "an objective showing of a deprivation or injury that is sufficiently serious to constitute a denial of the minimal civilized measure of life's necessities and a subjective showing that the official had a sufficiently culpable state of mind." Thomas v. Bryant, 614 F.3d 1288, 1304 (11th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The Plaintiff's allegations regarding Sergeant Harrison's comments do not meet the objective prong because, at most, they amount to verbal abuse. There is no indication Sergeant Harrison actually ensured inmates harmed the Plaintiff. See Hernandez, 281 F. App'x at 866 ("[A]llegations of verbal abuse and threats by the prison officers d[o] not state a claim because the defendants never carried out these threats and verbal abuse alone is insufficient to state a constitutional claim.").
The Plaintiff adds Warden Barrow as a defendant in his amended complaint. He alleges that before he filed this lawsuit he was allowed to have the over-the-counter medication "Herblax" mailed to him and that this medication had proven effective for his "condition." (Doc. 13, ¶¶ 15, 16). After the Plaintiff filed this lawsuit, Warden Barrow allegedly ordered mailroom officials not to deliver the Herblax to the Plaintiff. (Doc. 13, ¶ 17).
The Plaintiff also alleges he informed Warden Barrow of Dr. Rogers's conduct, but Warden Barrow "refused to take action." (Doc. 13, ¶ 26).
Additionally, eye doctors allegedly told the Plaintiff before filing his complaint that he needed surgery to correct his "plaque cataracts" or he would become blind by approximately March 2015. (Doc. 13, ¶ 23). He alleges Dr. Rogers "was advised of the eye condition by the specialist and told plaintiff he was submitting documentation to have the surgery performed," but since the Plaintiff filed this lawsuit, "the surgery has been delayed/denied to the point plaintiff is nearly blind." (Doc. 13, ¶¶ 24, 25).
The Plaintiff has asserted a claim against Warden Barrow for retaliation in violation of the First Amendment. However, the Plaintiff has not alleged facts showing Warden Barrow's actions were taken because of the Plaintiff's lawsuit. Warden Barrow was not named as a defendant in the initial complaint, and there are no other allegations suggesting he took these actions because the Plaintiff filed this lawsuit beyond temporal proximity. See Thomas v. Lawrence, 421 F. App'x 926, 929 (11th Cir. 2011) (upholding dismissal of retaliation claims because defendants were not named in grievance and plaintiff did not show they had a reason to retaliate against him).
The Plaintiff has also asserted a claim against Warden Barrow for being deliberately indifferent to his "safety and health" in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The Plaintiff has not alleged sufficient facts to show that either Warden Barrow's denial of the Plaintiff's Herblax or his refusal to take action when Dr. Rogers discontinued treatment for the Plaintiff's unspecified "condition" constitutes deliberate indifference to a serious medical need.
As to the Plaintiff's claim that Warden Barrow refused to take action when he learned Dr. Rogers was delaying the Plaintiff's cataract surgery, the Court cannot say at this point that these allegations, when liberally construed in the Plaintiff's favor, are insufficient to state a claim. Thus, this claim against Warden Barrow will be allowed to proceed.
The Plaintiff also asserts an additional First Amendment retaliation claim and additional Eighth Amendment deliberate-indifference-to-medical-needs claims against Dr. Rogers. At this point, the Court cannot say these allegations are insufficient to state a claim. Therefore, Dr. Rogers should address the allegations in the Plaintiff's amended complaint in his answer and/or motion, which he has now filed. (Doc. 16).
The Court has reviewed the Recommendation, and the Recommendation is
It is therefore