JANE MAGNUS-STINSON, Chief District Judge.
Pro se Plaintiff Jamie Trusley, along with Plaintiffs We the Divine Incorporated and We the Divine Immortal Spirit, bring this action against Defendants JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("
"Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) allows a party to move to dismiss a claim for lack of subject matter jurisdiction." Hallinan v. Fraternal Order of Police of Chicago Lodge No. 7, 570 F.3d 811, 820 (7th Cir. 2009). The burden is on the plaintiff to prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that subject-matter jurisdiction exists for his or her claims. See Lee v. City of Chicago, 330 F.3d 456, 468 (7th Cir. 2003).
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), a party may move to dismiss a claim that does not state a right to relief. The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that a complaint provide the defendant with "fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests." Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93 (2007) (quoting Bell Atlantic v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). In reviewing the sufficiency of a complaint, the Court must accept all well-pled facts as true and draw all permissible inferences in favor of the plaintiff. See Active Disposal Inc. v. City of Darien, 635 F.3d 883, 886 (7th Cir. 2011). A Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss asks whether the complaint "contain[s] sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to `state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.'" Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). The Court will not accept legal conclusions or conclusory allegations as sufficient to state a claim for relief. See McCauley v. City of Chicago, 671 F.3d 611, 617 (7th Cir. 2011). Factual allegations must plausibly state an entitlement to relief "to a degree that rises above the speculative level." Munson v. Gaetz, 673 F.3d 630, 633 (7th Cir. 2012). This plausibility determination is "a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense." Id.
The Court notes at the outset that it is difficult to discern the specific claims Plaintiffs are attempting to set forth in their Complaint. The following are the factual allegations in the Complaint, which the Court must accept as true at this time:
[Filing No. 1 at 1.] Plaintiffs demand $36,000,000 in damages and "compensation for forced actions as surety in all acts in commerce or law." [Filing No. 1 at 2.]
Defendants raise three main arguments in support of their Motion to Dismiss: (1) that the Complaint does not state an actionable claim under FOIA; (2) that Plaintiffs have not adequately alleged "fraud"; and (3) that the "Plaintiff" is listed as a corporation, and corporations cannot proceed pro se so its claims must be dismissed. [Filing No. 12 at 4-8.]
In response, Plaintiffs first argue that We the Divine Incorporated is a registered California corporation, and Mr. Trusley is the President of the Board and Founder. [Filing No. 15 at 1.] Plaintiffs do not respond specifically to Defendants' arguments, but set forth the actions that form the basis of their lawsuit with more specificity than in the Complaint. Specifically, Plaintiffs state:
[Filing No. 15 at 1-2.]
On reply, Defendants reiterate their arguments that Plaintiffs have not stated a claim under FOIA and have not properly pled a claim for fraud. [Filing No. 16 at 2-4.] Additionally, they argue that even if the Court were to consider the claims Plaintiffs appear to raise in their response brief — for breach of contract, negligence, and Fourth Amendment violations — they are meritless. [Filing No. 16 at 4-6.]
It is difficult to discern from the Complaint whether "We the Divine Incorporated" and "We the Divine Immortal Spirit" are entities which intend to assert claims on their own behalf. The Complaint states that claims are brought by "We, the Divine Immortal Spirit expressed in Trust to the Living Flesh known as Jamie Rod Trusley, Trustee of both Flesh and Spirit, and President of We The Divine Incorporated." [Filing No. 1 at 1.] In response to Defendants' Motion to Dismiss, Plaintiffs state that "We The Divine Immortal Spirit, is the secured party creditor for the Plaintiff Jamie Rod-Trusley. Jamie Rod-Trusley acts as Surety in all legal matters. . . . We The Divine Incorporated is a registered California corporation, which Jamie Rod-Trusley is the President of the Board, and Founder." [Filing No. 15 at 1.]
To the extent that We the Divine Incorporated and We the Divine Immortal Spirit are entities, no attorneys have entered appearances on their behalf. Entities cannot proceed pro se and Mr. Trusley may not represent those entities because he is not a licensed attorney. Nocula v. UGS Corp., 520 F.3d 719, 725 (7th Cir. 2008) ("Corporations cannot appear pro se, and one pro se litigant cannot represent another") (citations omitted). Accordingly, the Court
Mr. Trusley alludes to FOIA violations in his Complaint, but does not provide any further details other than vaguely asserting in his response brief that "[b]ank representatives Bernadette and Bank Manager Robin Williams were aware there was an error during the transfer of funds, yet when asked to disclose the receipt of funds, or who claimed the funds from Our account, the defendants and their colleagues refused." [Filing No. 15 at 2.]
"FOIA requires government agencies to disclose their records to the public." Appleton Papers, Inc., v. U.S. E.P.A., 702 F.3d 1018, 1022 (7th Cir. 2012); see also 5 U.S.C. § 552. Mr. Trusley does not allege that Defendants are government agencies subject to FOIA and, in fact, they are not.
The Complaint does not contain any references to the Fourth Amendment, but Mr. Trusley states in his response brief that "[w]e intend to prove Our facts that the Defendants did in fact know about the illegal release of Our properties person, papers, articles, and effects, violating the 4th Amendment, including many other inalienable rights." [Filing No. 15 at 2.] Mr. Trusley may not amend his Complaint through statements in his response brief. See Anderson v. Donahoe, 699 F.3d 989, 997 (7th Cir. 2012) (plaintiff could not amend complaint "through arguments in his brief in opposition to a motion for summary judgment") (citation and quotation omitted).
Even considering Mr. Trusley's statements in his response brief, they do not come anywhere close to adequately alleging a Fourth Amendment claim. And, in fact, a Fourth Amendment claim appears foreclosed by Defendants' status as private entities, as opposed to state actors. Mr. Trusley's lone statement that he intends to prove that Defendants violated the Fourth Amendment does not provide Defendants with "fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the grounds upon which it rests," Erickson, 551 U.S. at 93 (quoting Bell Atlantic, 550 U.S. at 550), or "`state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face,'" Ashcroft, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). To the extent Mr. Trusley alleges a Fourth Amendment claim, that claim is
Mr. Trusley mentions "fraud" in his Complaint, and potentially raises breach of contract and negligence claims in his response brief. These are all state law claims, for which Mr. Trusley does not set forth a basis for this Court's jurisdiction. He does not allege that the Court has diversity jurisdiction over these claims — he does not set forth his citizenship, Defendants' respective citizenships, nor the amount in controversy. The amounts he does mention, "$6870.00, to be transferred Our account without Our consent, while releasing $2547.00 to a (sic) undisclosed party," fall far short of the jurisdictional requirement of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs. 28 U.S.C. §1332. Even assuming Mr. Trusley has adequately pled these state law claims, they are
For the foregoing reasons, Defendants' Motion to Dismiss, [Filing No. 11], is