GREGORY F. VAN TATENHOVE, District Judge.
Monroe Coleman is a District of Columbia ("D.C.") Code prisoner currently confined at the Federal Correctional Institution-Petersburg ("FCI-Petersburg") located in Petersburg, Virginia. In July 2012, Coleman was confined in the United States Penitentiary-McCreary in Pine Knot, Kentucky. While there, he filed a pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, challenging the Bureau of Prisons' (BOP) computation of his good time credits and his parole eligibility date. [R. 1]. Specifically, Coleman claims that he earned Good Time Credit while serving the mandatory minimum twenty-year sentence and that this credit should be applied against the remaining non-mandatory minimum sentences. Secondly, Coleman asserts an ex post facto violation, claiming that the BOP's decision not to award him any Good Time Credit while he was serving the mandatory minimum sentence is based upon rules that were not in effect at the time he was convicted of these offenses. Finally, Coleman claims that the BOP has failed to award him Educational Good Time credits for various educational programs in which he has participated while incarcerated and thus has miscalculated his Parole Eligibility Date ("PED").
Upon the initial screening of Coleman's petition, the Court concluded that additional information was needed in order to assess the merits thereof. For the reasons stated in the
Additionally, on November 12, 2014, an Amended Judgment was entered in one of Coleman's D.C. cases, Case No. F-5575-83C, which changed Coleman's sentence from a consecutive sentence to a concurrent sentence and gave him credit for time served. [R. 61-3, Page ID# 547]. Based on this Amended Judgment, the BOP updated its computation of Coleman's PED, resulting in a revised PED of March 1, 2013. Subsequently, Coleman has moved the Court to order the Warden to inform him why he has not been scheduled for a parole hearing, given his revised PED, and he requested that he be scheduled for a parole hearing in June of 2015. [R. 58]. Coleman has also submitted a filing construed as a motion to order the Warden to advise him why he has not received certain Education Good Time Credit for obtaining his GED, his Paralegal Associate Degree, his Culinary Arts Training, and other BOP Educational Good Time, Meritorious Good Time, and other statutory good time. [R. 59].
Thereafter, Coleman received his initial parole hearing in June of 2015. [R. 61-5]. With this development, the Warden has moved to dismiss Coleman's habeas petition as moot. [R. 61]. Coleman having filed a response to the Warden's motion to dismiss as moot [R. 64], the Warden's motion to dismiss as moot and all other motions are ripe for review.
Although Coleman is a D.C. Code inmate, he is serving his sentence in custody of the BOP.
On February 25, 1986, Coleman was sentenced in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, in Case No. F-5575-83C, to a 12 to 36 year term of incarceration for Unlawful Possession with Intent to Distribute a Controlled Substance. [
On January 12, 1990, the Superior Court for the District of Columbia, in Case No. F-1258-85, issued an Amended Judgment reducing the terms of incarceration on Counts C, L, M and N, to a 12-year to life term. [
Since Coleman was sentenced by the Superior Court for the District of Columbia and since his criminal conduct occurred before 1984, his sentence was calculated under the BOP's Program Statement 5880.33, District of Columbia Sentence Computation Manual, and Program Statement 5880.30, Sentence Computation Manual ("Old Law"-Pre-CCCA-1984.
The BOP prepared a sentence computation for Coleman based on a maximum term of life, a minimum term of 44 years, and a minimum mandatory term of 20 years. [
For reasons unknown to this Court, on November 12, 2014, an Amended Judgment was entered in Coleman's D.C. Case No. F-5575-83C, which changed Coleman's sentence from a consecutive sentence to a concurrent sentence and gave him credit for time served. [R. 61-3, Page ID# 547]. Upon receipt of this Amended Judgment, the BOP updated its computation of Coleman's PED, resulting in a revised PED of March 1, 2013. Since his PED had already passed, Coleman became entitled immediately to his initial parole hearing. Coleman received his initial parole hearing in June of 2015. [R. 61-5]. Thus, that portion of Coleman's petition claiming that the BOP has miscalculated his PED and his request for a recalculation of his PED has been mooted by the fact that the BOP has recomputed his PED and that he has already received his initial parole hearing.
Coleman claims that he is entitled to Good Time credit while serving the mandatory minimum 20-year sentence and that this credit should be applied against the minimum, nonmandatory sentences. He also appears to allege an ex post facto violation, claiming that the BOP's decision denying him the right to earn good time while serving the mandatory minimum portion of his sentence is based upon rules that were not in effect at the time that he committed his offenses. Finally, Coleman claims that he is entitled to Educational Good Time credit because he has participated in various educational programs while incarcerated.
Coleman was convicted of crimes by the District of Columbia Superior Court that occurred prior to 1987. At that time, the applicable rule for awarding good time credit to prisoners convicted of crimes in the District of Columbia but serving time in prisons maintained by the BOP was essentially the same rule applied to other federal inmates convicted of federal crimes in other jurisdictions. In 1987, those rules were altered when the Comprehensive Crime Control Act ("CCCA") of 1984 became effective regarding inmates whose crimes where not District of Columbia crimes, and it became necessary for the BOP to distinguish between D.C. inmates and others in the federal system. BOP Program Statement 5880.030 was instituted in 1993; however, it did not address the interplay between mandatory minimum sentences and good time credits. In 2010, the Program Statement was updated to 5880.033, clearly stating that no good time credit is earned while serving a mandatory minimum sentence, as seen below:
16.17(b).
Thus, D.C. Code inmates do not accrue any good time credit while serving a mandatory minimum sentence. Generally, such inmates earn 10 days of Institutional Good Time for each month of the sentence D.C. Code 24-428 (currently codified as 24-201.29) (repealed August 1994). However, D.C. Code 24-434 (currently codified as 24-221.06) (repealed) states that "institutional and educational good time credits shall not be applied to the minimum terms of persons sentenced under §§22-3202, 33-501, 33-541, 22-2404(b) or 22-3204(b)." Under a literal reading of that statute, Coleman would not be entitled to apply any good time credit to his minimum sentence at the very least for those crimes.
However, the BOP does not interpret or apply that program statement that severely. When the minimum term exceeds the mandatory minimum portion of the sentence, as is the case with Coleman's sentence, Institutional Good Time Credits can only be awarded for the difference between the date the mandatory minimum term expires and the date the total minimum term expires. Program Statement 5880.33(16.17) (b); Kinard v. O'Brien, 2008 WL 2095112, *3 (W.D.Va. 2008) ("[T]he BOP continues in the tradition of the D.C. Department of Corrections and allows an inmate whose minimum term of imprisonment exceeds the mandatory minimum term of imprisonment to receive Institutional Good Time Credits for the difference between the date the mandatory minimum term expires and the date the total minimum term expires.")
Applying these rules to Coleman's sentence computation, Coleman received Institutional Good Time Credit for 24 years, representing the difference between the 44-year minimum term and his 20-year mandatory minimum term. [
Coleman is an "old law" D.C. Code inmate serving an "old law" sentence. By its terms, the BOP Program Statement draws a distinction between "old law" and "new law" sentences; however, both sections of the Program Statement deny credit for time served on a mandatory minimum sentence. There is no evidence that the BOP ever awarded good time credit for time served on a mandatory minimum sentence.
Coleman's fails to provide any legal support for his argument that he should accrue Institutional Good Time for the 20-year mandatory minimum term and simply have those credits applied to the non-mandatory minimum portion of his sentence. Coleman makes no reference to any citation suggesting that there was a prior law under which an inmate could earn good time credit while serving a mandatory minimum sentence. The Program Statement is entitled to deference. Reno v. Koray, 515 U.S. 50 (1995), and his ex post facto claim in this regard is without merit.
D.C. Code inmates may also receive Educational Good Time (EGT) credits under D.C. Code 24-2401.01(a) (formerly codified at D.C. Code 24-429). See 28 C.F.R. § 523.32. An inmate can earn up to five days per month of EGT for each month he is enrolled in a BOPdesignated program, if he successfully completes the program. Id. Eligibility for EGT can be limited based on: (a) a violation of prison rules; and (b) the nature of the offense committed. See 28 C.F.R. § 523.33. To earn EGT, an inmate must have (a) his Unit Team approve or design a plan that is designated by the BOP for the inmate to complete, and (b) the Supervisor of Education find that the inmate successfully completed a Bureau-designated education program on or after August 5, 1997. See 28 C.F.R. §§ 523.31(c) and (d).
In support of Coleman's claim that he is entitled to EGT, he relies on the following: (1) an Interim Progress Report from the Education Department at Northeast Ohio Correctional Center concerning Computer Literacy and Principles of Business, classes he apparently attended from August 1997 to February 1998; (2) a Computer-Typing Tutor 6 class he completed on April 21, 1999; (3) a Computer — MS Windows 3.1 class he completed at the CCA Central Arizona Detention Center on May 17, 1999; and (4) a DOS version 5/6 class he completed at the CCA Central Arizona Detention Center on July 14, 1999. [R. 32]. Coleman also claims that he is entitled to EGT for obtaining his GED, his Paralegal Associate Degree, his Culinary Arts Training, as well as other BOP EGT, Meritorious Good Time, and other statutory good time credit to his sentence. [R. 59].
However, irrespective of these educational courses Coleman apparently has taken and completed on an ad hoc basis, he fails to provide any documentation that he has participated in and/or successfully completed any BOP-designated educational program that his Unit Team approved or designed for him to complete, as required by 28 C.F.R. §§ 523.31(c) and (d). Coleman's BOP records lack any documentation to support his claim that he is entitled to educational good time credits. [
D. C. Code inmates sentenced prior to June 22, 1994, such as Coleman, are eligible to receive Extra Good Time credits under now-repealed 18 U.S.C. § 4162. Program Statement 5880.33 (11.4) (b). Extra Good Time credits include Industrial Good Time, Meritorious Good Time, Camp Good Time, and Community Corrections Good Time. [
Coleman has received a total of 93 days of Extra Good Time credit, itemized as follows: he received Industrial Good Time at USP-Atlanta, Georgia, for the period time from July 16, 2003 to February 5, 2004, and at USP-McCreary, in Inez, Kentucky, for the period from February 27, 2005 to June 21, 2005. [
In summary, Coleman is not entitled to accrue any Good Time Credit while serving a mandatory minimum sentence; he was never entitled to receive Good Time Credit while serving a mandatory minimum sentence. The rule has on this point did not change after Coleman was convicted and sentenced on the D.C. offenses; it has always been the rule, and the BOP has correctly applied the law that was in place when Coleman committed his offenses. Thus, Coleman's claim that the BOP has committed an ex post facto violation of the Constitution has no merit.
As to Coleman's claim that the BOP has erred for not awarding him any Educational Good Time credit on his sentence, Coleman has not provided the Court with any evidence that he has successfully completed a BOP-designated educational program on or after August 5, 1997, that was approved or designed by his Unit Team, as required by 28 C.F.R. §§ 523.31(c) and (d). His ad hoc completion of his hand-picked educational courses does not qualify for any award of EGT.
Concerning Coleman's claims that the BOP has erred in computing his PED to be March 22, 2021, that his PED should be much sooner than that date, and that he is entitled to an initial parole hearing, those claims have been mooted by the following developments occurring during the pendency of this action: (1) in November of 2014, an Amended Judgment was entered in one of Coleman's D.C. cases, which ordered that sentence to be a concurrent sentence, rather than a consecutive sentence; (2) upon receipt of that Amended Judgment, the BOP recomputed and revised Coleman's PED; (3) based on Coleman's Sentence Monitoring Computation Data as of May 11, 2015, the BOP revised his PED to be March 1, 2013 [R. 61-4, Page ID# 550], (4) given this after-the-fact PED of March 1, 2013, Coleman was promptly scheduled for a parole hearing, and (5) Coleman received his initial parole hearing in June of 2015. Thus, the BOP's error, if any, in its prior computation of Coleman's PED has been corrected, and he has received a portion of the relief requested: a PED sooner than March 22, 2021, and an initial parole hearing.
Accordingly,
1. Coleman's motion for the Court to compel the Warden to inform him why he has not been scheduled for a parole hearing, given his revised PED, and his request that he be scheduled for a parole hearing in June of 2015 [
2. Coleman's filing construed as a motion to order the Warden to advise him why he has not received certain Education Good Time Credit for obtaining his GED, his Paralegal Associate Degree, his Culinary Arts Training, and other BOP Educational Good Time, Meritorious Good Time, and other statutory good time [
3. Respondent's motion to dismiss Coleman's § 2241 petition as moot [
4. Coleman's remaining claim in his § 2241 petition that he is entitled to additional good time credit on his sentence than that awarded by the BOP is without merit and is
5. Coleman's petition for a writ of habeas corpus [
6. The Court will enter an appropriate judgment contemporaneously; and
7. This matter is