SARAH S. VANCE, District Judge.
Transamerica Life Insurance Company filed this interpleader action to determine the beneficiaries of annuity contract number M032084643. Defendants-in-interpleader and counter-claimants Dawn, Darlene, Dena, and Buddy Bagala (collectively, the "Bagala children") move for summary judgment seeking to recover death benefit proceeds under the contract. For the reasons that follow, the Court grants the motion.
This case involves an annuity contract issued by Merrill Lynch Life Insurance Company, a predecessor in interest of Transamerica, to Shelby Bagala ("Mr. Bagala"). The Bagala children allege that because the contract names them as Mr. Bagala's beneficiaries, they are entitled to the death benefit proceeds payable under the agreement. By contrast, Mr. Bagala's widow, Peggy Bagala ("Mrs. Bagala"), contends that she is a co-owner of the annuity contract and that she should therefore receive the death benefit proceeds instead of the named beneficiaries.
Mr. and Mrs. Bagala applied for the annuity contract on July 18, 2003.
The annuity's initial premium was $1,354,232.56.
The Bagala's financial advisor, McCrery, described the annuity purchase in his deposition testimony. McCrery testified that he and a Merrill Lynch insurance and estate planning specialist discussed the annuity at length with Mr. and Mrs. Bagala.
On July 30, 2003, Merrill Lynch issued annuity contract M032084643.
Merrill Lynch sent Mr. Bagala regular correspondence about the annuity contract. For instance, shortly after Merrill Lynch issued the contract, it provided Mr. Bagala with an "Annuity Summary."
The annuity contract authorized Mr. Bagala to modify the terms of the agreement, including by adding a new owner or a co-owner to the contract. Under a section entitled "General Provisions," the contract provides: "Upon notice to us you may assign the Contract to a new Owner. . . . Only spouses may be co-owners."
Mr. Bagala died on January 14, 2014.
Each of the Bagala children filed an answer and a claim, alleging that under the express terms of the annuity contract, each is entitled to one-quarter of the death benefit proceeds.
On September 15, 2015, three of the Bagala children filed a motion for summary judgment and set it for submission on September 30.
Summary judgment is appropriate when "the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(2); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986); Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994). When assessing whether a dispute as to any material fact exists, the Court considers "all of the evidence in the record but refrains from making credibility determinations or weighing the evidence." Delta & Pine Land Co. v. Nationwide Agribusiness Ins. Co., 530 F.3d 395, 398 (5th Cir. 2008). All reasonable inferences are drawn in favor of the nonmoving party, but "unsupported allegations or affidavits setting forth `Ultimate or conclusory facts and conclusions of law' are insufficient to either support or defeat a motion for summary judgment." Galindo v. Precision Am. Corp., 754 F.2d 1212, 1216 (5th Cir. 1985); Little, 37 F.3d at 1075.
If the dispositive issue is one on which the moving party will bear the burden of proof at trial, the moving party "must come forward with evidence which would `entitle it to a directed verdict if the evidence went uncontroverted at trial.'" Int'l Shortstop, Inc. v. Rally's, Inc., 939 F.2d 1257, 1263-64 (5th Cir. 1991). The nonmoving party can then defeat the motion by either countering with sufficient evidence of its own, or "showing that the moving party's evidence is so sheer that it may not persuade the reasonable fact-finder to return a verdict in favor of the moving party." Id. at 1265.
If the dispositive issue is one on which the nonmoving party will bear the burden of proof at trial, the moving party may satisfy its burden by merely pointing out that the evidence in the record is insufficient with respect to an essential element of the nonmoving party's claim. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 325. The burden then shifts to the nonmoving party, who must, by submitting or referring to evidence, set out specific facts showing that a genuine issue exists. See id. at 324. The nonmovant may not rest upon the pleadings, but must identify specific facts that establish a genuine issue for trial. See, e.g., id. at 325; Little, 37 F.3d at 1075; Isquith ex rel. Isquith v. Middle South Utils., Inc., 847 F.2d 186, 198 (5th Cir. 1988), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 926 (1988).
The Bagala children argue that the plain terms of the annuity contract indicate that Mr. Bagala is the owner and that the Bagala children are his only beneficiaries. Thus, they contend that there is no dispute of material fact and that they are entitled to all proceeds as a matter of law.
Under Louisiana law, an insurance policy is a contract that constitutes the law between the parties, and it must be interpreted in accordance with the general rules of contract interpretation set forth in the Louisiana Civil Code. Peterson v. Schimek, 729 So.2d 1024, 1028 (La. 1999) (citing La. Civ. Code art. 1793); Ledbetter v. Concord Gen. Corp., 665 So.2d 1166, 1169 (La. 1996); Crabtree v. State Farm Ins. Co., 632 So.2d 736 (La. 1994). The extent of insurance coverage is determined by the parties' intent as reflected by words in the policy. La. Civ. Code art. 2045; Peterson, 729 So. 2d at 1028 (citing Ledbetter, 665 So. 2d at 1169). If the policy wording is clear and it expresses the intent of the parties, the agreement must be enforced as written. La. Civ. Code art. 2046; Ledbetter, 665 So.2d at 1169.
Here, the contract identifies Mr. Bagala as the policy's only owner and annuitant. The contract further provides that the four Bagala children are Mr. Bagala's only beneficiaries and that each is entitled to an equal share of any death benefit payable under the agreement. The contract does not identify Mrs. Bagala as a co-owner, co-annuitant, or beneficiary. Indeed, Mrs. Bagala is not named anywhere in the agreement. The contract is therefore clear: Mr. Bagala is the owner, and the Bagala children are his beneficiaries. Thus, the Bagala children are entitled to the disputed death benefit proceeds.
Mrs. Bagala gives two arguments to avoid this conclusion. First, she alleges that because she is Mr. Bagala's spouse, she necessarily co-owns the annuity under the contract's ownership rules. Specifically, Mrs. Bagala cites a provision in the "General Provisions" section of the contract, which states:
Contrary to Mrs. Bagala's contention, this provision does not mandate that spouses be co-owners; nor does it purport to alter or displace the ownership and beneficiary designations that are set forth elsewhere in the contract. Instead, it provides a set of generally applicable rules that limit who can be designated a co-owner and explain how co-owners should exercise their governance rights. Because the plain terms of the contract indicate that Mr. Bagala is the annuity's only owner, this provision has no bearing here.
Second, Mrs. Bagala alleges that she is a co-owner or "co-purchaser" because the Bagalas allegedly funded the annuity's initial premium using community property assets. As an initial matter, Mrs. Bagala provides no evidence that the 1035 exchanges that funded the initial premium involved the expenditure of community funds. The bare allegations in her amended answer and claim are insufficient to create an issue of material fact in this regard. More importantly, even if the annuity were purchased with community funds, Mrs. Bagala still would have no claim to its death benefit proceeds. Under Louisiana law, "the proceeds of life insurance, if payable to a named beneficiary other than the estate of the insured, are sui generis and not considered to be part of the estate of the insured." New York Life Ins. & Annuity Corp. v. Cannatella, 550 F. App'x 211, 214 (5th Cir. 2013) (citing T.L. James & Co., Inc. v. Montgomery, 332 So.2d 834, 847 (La. 1975)). As such, "life insurance proceeds go to the named beneficiary in accordance with the provisions of the life insurance contract, without regard to community claims...." Fowler v. Fowler, 861 So.2d 181, 186 (La. 2003). In other words, life insurance proceeds are "exclusively owned by the named beneficiary." Cannatella, 500 F. App'x at 214 (citing Allianz Life Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. Oates, 756 So.2d 677. 679 (La. App. 2 Cir. 2000)); see also 15 Louisiana Civil Law Treatise, Insurance Law and Practice § 8:13, at 849-53 (4th ed. 2012) ("[T]he proceeds themselves are payable to the properly designated beneficiary and form no part of the community. . . ."). Here, the contract names the Bagala children as the beneficiaries and provides for each to be paid an equal share of the death benefit. Thus, regardless of how the initial annuity premium was funded, the Bagala children own the proceeds and Mrs. Bagala has no claim.
Mrs. Bagala alleges that, to the extent the written contract does not designate her a co-owner, it does not reflect the actual agreement between the Bagalas and Merrill Lynch and should be reformed accordingly.
"As other written agreements, insurance policies may be reformed if, through mutual error or fraud, the policy as issued does not express the agreement of the parties." Samuels v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 939 So.2d 1235, 1240 (La. 2006) (citations omitted). Mrs. Bagala has not identified any evidence of mutual mistake or fraud. This is not a case in which the policy fails to reflect the parties' mutual intent because of a typographical or scrivener's error. See e.g., id. at 1240-41 (reforming contract to correct clerical error in insurance contract). Rather, it is clear that neither Mr. Bagala nor Merrill Lynch intended Mrs. Bagala to co-own the annuity. In his deposition testimony, Merrill Lynch advisor McCrery testified that after discussing the matter at length, the Bagalas decided to omit Mrs. Bagala from the annuity contract in order to "avoid the inheritance tax."
Neither has Mrs. Bagala identified any evidence that Merrill Lynch committed fraud. Under Louisiana law, an action for fraud against a party to a contract requires: "(1) a misrepresentation, suppression, or omission of true information; (2) the intent to obtain an unjust advantage or to cause damage or inconvenience to another; and (3) the error induced by a fraudulent act must relate to a circumstance substantially influencing the victim's consent to (a cause of) the contract." Shelton v. Standard/700 Associates, 798 So.2d 60, 64 (La. 2001). As noted, McCrery's deposition testimony indicates that the Bagalas decided, as a tax planning strategy, to designate Mr. Bagala as the annuity's only owner. Though Mrs. Bagala alleges that she and her husband wanted co-ownership and that McCrery told them that the annuity they applied for would be jointly-owned, she has produced no evidence to support these allegations. Nor has she explained why, if McCrery did misrepresent the contents of the annuity application, Mr. Bagala did not cancel or amend the contract after it was issued. The contract itself makes clear that Mr. Bagala owns the annuity and that there is no co-owner. In addition, from the time the annuity was issued in July 2003 until Mr. Bagala's death in January 2014, Mr. Bagala received numerous quarterly statements, confirmations of transactions, and other correspondence, in which Merrill Lynch and Transamerica confirmed that Mr. Bagala was the annuity's only owner. Importantly, the annuity contract provided for a ten day period in which Mr. Bagala could have cancelled the contract and received a full refund. It also expressly authorized Mr. Bagala to amend the contract by adding his wife as a co-owner. Furthermore, McCrery testified in his deposition that the Bagala's financial advisors at Merrill Lynch reviewed the annuity contract "every single year" and that "prior to [Mr. Bagala's] death, [Mr. and Mrs. Bagala] could have changed anything along the way since 2003."
For these reasons, Mrs. Bagala's claims are insufficient to create an issue of fact that mutual mistake or fraud caused the annuity contract to deviate from the parties' true intentions. The Bagala children are entitled to summary judgment dismissing Mrs. Bagala's reformation claims.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS the Bagala children's motion for summary judgment. Dena, Darlene, Dawn, and Buddy Bagala are the four beneficiaries of annuity contract M032084643, and Mrs. Bagala's claims to the death benefit proceeds are without merit.