LANCE M. AFRICK, District Judge.
Before the Court is defendants 1st Lake Properties, Inc. ("1st Lake") and Brenda Huggett's ("Huggett") motion
On May 11, 2018, Greene filed this lawsuit against 1st Lake and Huggett (collectively, the "defendants"). In his complaint, Greene alleges that the defendants violated several of his constitutional rights during his tenancy at an apartment community in Kenner, Louisiana known as Sugar Mill West Apartments.
On May 16, 2018, the United States Magistrate Judge granted Greene's motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis.
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(5) permits a court to dismiss a complaint based on insufficient service of process. "In the absence of valid service of process, proceedings against a party are void." Aetna Bus. Credit, Inc. v. Universal Decor & Interior Design, 635 F.2d 434, 435 (5th Cir. 1981). "[O]nce the validity of service of process has been contested, the plaintiff bears the burden of establishing its validity." Carimi v. Royal Caribbean Cruise Line, Inc., 959 F.2d 1344, 1346 (5th Cir. 1992).
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m) gives plaintiffs 90 days to effect service on a defendant. If a defendant is not properly served within 90 days of the filing of the complaint, the court must dismiss the action or order that service be made within a specified time. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m); see also Price v. Hous. Auth. of New Orleans, No. 09-4257, 2010 WL 3802553, at *2 (E.D. La. Sept. 10, 2010) (Vance, J.). However, the rule also provides that, if the plaintiff shows good cause for his failure, the court must extend the deadline for effecting service "for an appropriate period." Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m). The plaintiff also bears the burden of establishing "good cause for failure to effect timely service." Systems Signs Supplies v. United States Dep't of Justice, 903 F.2d 1011, 1013 (5th Cir. 1990).
"[S]ervice of process by pro se, [in forma pauperis] litigants is governed by `[s]pecial,' or more lenient, rules." Holly v. Metro. Transit Auth., 213 F. App'x 343, 344 (5th Cir. 2007) (italics added) (quoting Lindsey, 101 F.3d at 446).
Rule 4(e) governs service of process on an individual:
Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e).
Rule 4(h) governs service of process on a corporate entity. A corporation may be served either in accordance with Rule 4(e)(1), described above, or "by delivering a copy of the summons and of the complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process." Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(h)(1).
The summonses that were returned executed show that Greene informed the United States Marshals Service that Huggett could be served via "the manager" at "Sugarmill West Office."
In support of their motion to dismiss, 1st Lake and Huggett submitted a declaration from 1st Lake's director of operations, Anthony Barattini ("Barattini").
The Court concludes that 1st Lake has not been properly served. Pursuant to Rule 4(h), as it applies to this case, 1st Lake can be served by delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to "an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law," Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(h)(1)(B), or by complying with Louisiana's service of process laws, Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(h)(1)(A). The Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure provides that a corporation must be served "by personal service on any one of its agents for service of process." La. Code Civ. Proc. art. 1261(A).
According to Barattini's declaration, 1st Lake's agents for service of process are William Henry Shane, Jr. and James P. Favrot, neither of whom have been personally served with a copy of the summons and complaint.
Rule 4(h)(1)(B) has, therefore, also not been satisfied. Czernia is not a 1st Lake registered agent for service of process, nor does Greene contend that she is "an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by appointment or by law." See Peter-Takang v. Dep't of Children & Family Servs., No. 14-1078, 2015 WL 4097157, at *5 (E.D. La. July 5, 2015) (Brown, J.). He has, therefore, not met his burden of showing that 1st Lake was validly served.
The Court also concludes that Huggett has not been properly served. Rule 4(e) permits Greene to serve Huggett in one of four ways: by personal service, domiciliary service, serving an authorized agent authorized, or in compliance with Louisiana law. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e).
Huggett states that she has not been personally served, and Greene does not contest her contention. Rather, the deputy United States Marshal gave a copy of the summons and complaint to Czernia at the Sugar Mill West Apartments complex. To effect domiciliary service pursuant to the federal rules, the deputy United States marshal would have had to leave a copy of the summons and the complaint at Huggett's "individual dwelling or usual place of abode." Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e)(2)(B). In his declaration, Barattini attests that, although Huggett works at Sugar Mill West Apartments, she does not reside there.
Under Louisiana law, "[s]ervice of . . . process may be either personal or domiciliary." La. Code Civ. P. art. 1231. Article 1232 provides that "[p]ersonal service is made when a proper officer tenders the citation or other process to the person to be served." Pursuant to article 1234, "[d]omiciliary service is made when a proper officer leaves the citation or other process at the dwelling house or usual place of abode of the person to be served with a person of suitable age and discretion residing in the domiciliary establishment." As explained herein, Greene has not effected personal or domiciliary service on Huggett, and Louisiana law does not authorize serving an individual at her workplace. See Jason v. Nugent, No. 04-1722, 2005 WL 53301, at *2 (E.D. La. Jan. 7, 2005) (Vance, J.). Therefore, Greene has not validly served Huggett.
Despite Greene's failure to serve 1st Lake and Huggett, the Court will not dismiss his complaint. "Where there is `a reasonable prospect that [the] plaintiff ultimately will be able to serve [the] defendant properly,' the proper course of action is to quash service and permit a plaintiff another opportunity to complete service rather than dismiss the case." Thomas v. New Leaders for New Schs., 278 F.R.D. 347, 352 (E.D. La. Dec. 19, 2011) (Africk, J.) (quoting Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, 5B FED. PRAC. & PROC. § 1353 (3d ed. 2004)); see also Systems Signs Supplies, 903 at 1014 (explaining that, although a litigant's pro se status does not excuse "complete failure to effect service," such a litigant's "technical imperfections of service" may provide "grounds for leniency" when a defendant has actual notice of the lawsuit).
The address listed on Greene's summons for 1st Lake matches the address listed for 1st Lake with the Louisiana Secretary of State,
Duncan v. City of Hammond, No. 08-5043, 2009 WL 10680059, at *1 (E.D. La. Mar. 31, 2009) (Vance, J.). In 2014 the Fifth Circuit held that service was properly effected on a corporation-defendant, noting that the person who had been served was one of the corporation's owners and its manager. Gatte v. Dohm, 574 F. App'x 327, 332 (5th Cir. 2014). Regardless, as explained herein, Greene does not allege that Czernia was an officer or a managing or general agent of 1st Lake, and there is nothing in the record demonstrating that Czernia meets any of the criteria described in the various Fifth Circuit cases summarized in Duncan.