18-326
United States v. Santos

                              UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                                  FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

                                       SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A
SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY
FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN
CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE
EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON
ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

        At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held
at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New
York, on the 24th day of January, two thousand nineteen.

PRESENT:
                   ROBERT A. KATZMANN,
                        Chief Judge,
                   PETER W. HALL,
                   GERARD E. LYNCH,
                        Circuit Judges.


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

                          Appellee,

                   v.                                                 No. 18-326

PIERRE SANTOS, aka COREY SANTIAGO, aka COREY SANTOS, aka CORY SANTOS,

                          Defendant-Appellant.


 For Defendant-Appellant:                            EDWARD S. ZAS, Of Counsel, Federal
                                                     Defenders of New York, Inc., New York, NY.



 For Appellee:                                       SUSAN CORKERY and J. MATTHEW HAGGANS,
                                                     Assistant United States Attorneys, for Richard


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                                                     P. Donoghue, United States Attorney for the
                                                     Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY.

       Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of

New York (Kuntz, J.).

       UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND

DECREED that the judgment of the district court is REVERSED in part, the sentence is

VACATED, and the case is REMANDED for resentencing.

       Pierre Santos appeals from a judgment of conviction entered on January 31, 2018 by the

United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York (Kuntz, J.) sentencing him

principally to a term of 70 months’ imprisonment. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the

underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.

       Santos argues that we should vacate his sentence because the district court improperly

applied a 10-level base level enhancement under § 2K2.1 of the November 2016 edition of the

United States Sentencing Guidelines (“Guidelines”). According to Santos, the enhancement was

improper because his prior New York State convictions for criminal possession of a controlled

substance do not constitute “controlled substance offenses” under the Guidelines, and because

his New York State conviction for attempted robbery in the third degree is not a “crime of

violence” under the Guidelines.

       As the government acknowledges, Santos’ first argument has been decided in his favor

by this Court’s recent decision in United States v. Townsend, which held that a “controlled

substance” for the purposes of the Guidelines refers exclusively to substances controlled by the

Controlled Substances Act. 

, 71 (2d Cir. 2018). As the New York State drug

schedule included drugs not covered by that Act at the time of Santos’ convictions, see N.Y. Pub.

Health Law § 3306, Schedule III(7)(g) (2006); see also N.Y. Penal Law § 220.06(1) (2006); 

220.00(5) (2006), those convictions cannot serve as predicate offenses under § 2K2.1, see

. Thus, Santos is entitled to resentencing.

       Santos’ second argument, however, is foreclosed by this Court’s decision in United States

v. Pereira-Gomez, which held that all degrees of New York robbery and attempted robbery

qualify as crimes of violence under an identically worded provision of the November 1, 2014

edition of the Guidelines. 

, 166 (2d Cir. 2018). Compare U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2 cmt. n.

1(B)(iii) (2014) (defining a crime of violence to include any state law offense that “has as an

element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of

another”), with U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a)(1) (2016) (defining a crime of violence as a felony that “has

as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of

another”). Periera-Gomez also squarely held that attempted robbery under New York law is a

crime of violence under the force requirement of the 

.

       Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is REVERSED in part, the sentence is

VACATED, and the case is REMANDED for resentencing.



                                              FOR THE COURT:

                                              Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court




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