ORDER
WILLIAM G. COBB, Magistrate Judge.
Before the court is Defendant Twitter, Inc.'s Motion to Seal. (ECF No. 2.) Twitter seeks an order sealing portions of its Motion to Compel Strategic Gaming Management, LLC to Produce Documents Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 (ECF No.1), as well as Exhibits 2 and 3 to the Declaration of Laura Miller filed in support of that motion.
Also before the court is a second Motion to Seal filed by Twitter, where Twitter seeks an order sealing portions of its reply brief filed in support of the motion to compel, as well as Exhibits 13-16 of the Declaration of Laura Miller filed in support of the reply. (ECF No. 6.)
"Historically, courts have recognized a general right to inspect and copy public records and documents, including judicial records and documents." See Kamakana v. City and County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th Cir. 2006) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). "`Throughout our history, the open courtroom has been a fundamental feature of the American judicial system. Basic principles have emerged to guide judicial discretion respecting public access to judicial proceedings. These principles apply as well to the determination of whether to permit access to information contained in court documents because court records often provide important, sometimes the only, bases or explanations for a court's decision.'" Oliner v. Kontrabecki, 745 F.3d 1024, 1025 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v. F.T.C., 710 F.2d 1165, 1177 (6th Cir. 1983)).
Documents that have been traditionally kept secret, including grand jury transcripts and warrant materials in a pre-indictment investigation, come within an exception to the general right of public access. See Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1178. Otherwise, "a strong presumption in favor of access is the starting point." Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). "The presumption of access is `based on the need for federal courts, although independent—indeed, particularly because they are independent—to have a measure of accountability and for the public to have confidence in the administration of justice.'" Center for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Group, LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1096 (9th Cir. 2016), cert. denied, 137 S.Ct. 38 (Oct. 3, 2016) (quoting United States v. Amodeo (Amodeo II), 71 F.3d 1044, 1048 (2nd Cir. 1995); Valley Broad Co. v. U.S. Dist. Court-D. Nev., 798 F.2d 1289, 1294 (9th Cir. 1986)).
There are two possible standards a party must address when it seeks to file a document under seal: the compelling reasons standard or the good cause standard. See Center for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1096-97. Under the compelling reasons standard, "a court may seal records only when it finds `a compelling reason and articulate[s] the factual basis for its ruling, without relying on hypothesis or conjecture." Id. (quoting Kamakana, 447 F.3d at 1179). "The court must then `conscientiously balance[ ] the competing interests of the public and the party who seeks to keep certain judicial records secret." Id. "What constitutes a `compelling reason' is `best left to the sound discretion of the trial court.'" Id. (quoting Nixon v. Warner Comm., Inc., 435 U.S. 589, 599 (1978)). "Examples include when a court record might be used to `gratify private spite or promote public scandal,' to circulate `libelous' statements, or `as sources of business information that might harm a litigant's competitive standing.'" Id. (quoting Nixon, 435 U.S. at 598-99).
Center for Auto Safety described the good cause standard, on the other hand, as the exception to public access that had been applied to "sealed materials attached to a discovery motion unrelated to the merits of a case." Id. (citing Phillips ex rel. Estates of Byrd v. Gen. Motors Corp., 307 F.3d 1206, 1213-14 (9th Cir. 2002)). "The `good cause language comes from Rule 26(c)(1), which governs the issuance of protective orders in the discovery process: `The court may, for good cause, issue an order to protect a party or person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense." Id. (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c)).
The Ninth Circuit has clarified that the key in determining which standard to apply in assessing a motion for leave to file a document under seal is whether the documents proposed for sealing accompany a motion that is "more than tangentially related to the merits of a case." Center for Auto Safety, 809 F.3d at 1101 (9th Cir. 2016). If that is the case, the compelling reasons standard is applied. If not, the good cause standard is applied.
Here, in its first motion, Twitter seeks to file under seal portions of its motion to compel, as well as Exhibits 2 and 3 to a declaration filed in support of that motion because the documents are designated confidential in a protective order entered into in the underlying patent infringement lawsuit pending in the Northern District of Texas, and the portions of the motion they seek to seal describe those confidential documents. The motion to compel does not go to the merits of the action itself, but pertains to third-party discovery. Therefore, the "good cause" standard applies.
In the second motion, Twitter again seeks to file under seal portions of its reply brief and exhibits filed in support of the reply that pertain to documents designated as confidential pursuant to a protective order entered into in the underlying patent infringement action.
The protective order entered into in the underlying patent infringement action allows the parties to designate as confidential documents that contain trade secrets or commercial information that are not publicly known and are of technical or commercial advantage to the possessor, or other information required by law or agreement to remain confidential, including confidential research and development, financial, technical, marketing or other information.
Rule 26 allows the court to protect "trade secret[s] or other confidential research, development or commercial information[.]" As such, the court finds that good cause exists to seal the portions of the motion to compel, Exhibits 2 and 3 filed in support of the motion, the portions of the reply brief, and Exhibits 13-16 filed in support of the reply. Therefore, Twitter's motions to seal (ECF Nos. 2 and 6) are GRANTED and those documents shall be SEALED.
