NOEL L. HILLMAN, District Judge.
Before the Court is plaintffs' motion for conditional class certification pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA"). For reasons explained below, plaintiffs' motion for conditional class certification will be denied.
Plaintiffs David Rogers, James Van Daniker and Ivan Derrick ("plaintiffs") are current or former employees of defendant Ocean Gable Group, Inc. ("OCG"). OCG is a company engaged in the business of installing cable television products and services and is an employer within the meaning of 29 U.S.C. § 203(d).
Plaintiffs were paid on a biweekly basis and earnings were determined by code, or task rate, based on the individual tasks performed each week. Plaintiffs were not paid hourly and were not paid a salary. Plaintiffs state they would arrive at OCG offices in the mornings to receive assignments, retrieve any necessary tools or equipment and stock the Comcast vehicles they would use during the day. The technicians would then travel to various residential locations and perform service and maintenance work. Technicians kept a ledger of the customers they serviced and work performed for each day. Plaintiffs allege that there were no scheduled lunch breaks and that they were required to work through lunch. After all the field work is completed for the day, the technicians return to the OCG office to turn in their paperwork and ledgers and any unused equipment.
In January 2010, OCG changed its compensation method. Prior to January 2010, plaintiffs allege that although they worked in excess of a 40 hour workweek, generally averaging 60-70 hours, they were not paid any overtime. In January 2010 and thereafter, plaintiffs received some overtime pay for hours worked in excess of 40 hours in a workweek, but allege that they were not paid for all the overtime hours that they worked.
In January 2010, OCG also began to require technicians to record the time they arrived at OCG offices in the morning until the time they left the office in the morning to go out into the field. Plaintiffs allege that they were only permitted to record 30 minutes for morning "prep time" regardless of the time they arrived or the time they left to go out in the field which was often longer than 30 minutes. At the end of the day, plaintiffs were now required to record their time from when they returned to the OCG office until they left to go home. As with the morning "prep time," plaintiffs allege that they were only permitted to record a preset limited amount of time regardless of how long it took them to turn in their paperwork and unused equipment.
Plaintiffs allege that defendants violated the FLSA and seek for themselves and similarly situated employees, declaratory and injunctive relief, unpaid wage, unpaid overtime, liquidated damages, and reasonable attorneys' fees.
Plaintiffs bring this action on behalf of themselves and others "similarly situated" to remedy alleged violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. § 201, et seq., and therefore this Court exercises subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 (federal question jurisdiction).
Plaintiffs allege that defendant violated the FLSA Section 207
The term "similarly situated" is not defined in the FLSA.
The "factual nexus" standard will be applied in this case for the initial stage.
In the second stage, or "reconsideration stage," the court "makes a second determination after discovery is largely complete and the case is ready for trial."
Plaintiffs each submit a separate certification alleging that they were former or current employees of OCG and that they each worked in excess of 40 hours and were not paid overtime (until January 2010), or not paid adequate overtime (after January 2010). Plaintiffs also state that in January 2010, OCG changed its policy and required technicians to record their time, including time spent at the OCG office preparing for the day and time spent at the OCG office at the end of the day to turn in paperwork and equipment. Plaintiffs state that regardless of the time spent at OCG offices, they were only permitted to record 30 minutes in the morning and a limited time at the end of the day even though the time they spent at the OCG office was longer. Plaintiffs also argue that they were required to work through lunch and did not receive lunch breaks.
OCG argues that conditional class certification should be denied because after the technicians receive their work orders in the morning, they are "free to do as they please." OCG states that the technicians are required to keep track of their time and to report to management when they are about to work in excess of 40 hours per week. OCG argues that the amount of work, type of work, location of work, and technician skill varies for each technician. OCG also argues that the affidavits submitted by the plaintiffs are inadequate because they do not name other similarly situated technicians, do not include written policies, and do not include affidavits from anyone other than the plaintiffs.
The facts shared by plaintiffs and the putative class members are that they have the same title of "technician" or "installer" and perform the same job duties of installing and servicing cable television equipment to Comcast cable customers. All the plaintiffs make the same allegation that they were expected to work in excess of 40 hours per workweek but did not receive adequate overtime compensation. Plaintiffs also all allege that they had no lunch break and that they were permitted to record only 30 minutes at OCG's offices each weekday morning and a limited time at the end of the day even though they worked longer.
There are several reasons why class certification, even in the initial and lenient notice phase, is not appropriate in this case. The first is the nature of the work and the failure of the named plaintiffs to equate their personal situations with the other putative class members. Because of the nature of the work performed whereby each technician is fairly autonomous throughout the day, plaintiffs have not provided any evidence that they have personal knowledge or otherwise observed other technicians working in excess of a 40 hour work week. Although each plaintiff submitted an affidavit stating they worked in excess of 40 hours in a workweek, what they are essentially asking the Court to do is to assume that because they worked in excess of 40 hours in a workweek that the other technicians must have as well.
However, there is no way from the record before the Court to know that the plaintiffs' situation equates, even in a rough way, with other technicians. On the one hand, it is possible that OCG assigns each technician so many tasks per daily shift that even the most skilled worker could not complete them in eight hours while also accounting for set-up and breakdown time. Class certification would seem appropriate in such a case. It is equally possible, on this record, that OCG assigns its workers a reasonable daily workload, and that these three plaintiffs take an objectively unreasonable amount of time to complete the assigned tasks. In such a situation, not only would class certification be unjustified but any recovery at all would seem grossly unfair to those who completed their task work in a reasonable amount of time. It is not surprising then that the plaintiffs' affidavits state that the other putative class members did not receive overtime "as far as they know." Under the standard for conditional class certification, there must be a factual nexus, not an assumption of facts.
The second problem with class certification is the lack of a factual nexus between the plaintiffs' situation and a uniform company policy affecting all workers adversely. Plaintiffs allege that even though they worked in excess of the 30 minutes of prep time in the morning and some similar time at the end of the day at OCG offices, it was OCG's policy that they not bill any excess time. Plaintiffs, however, do not cite to a specific policy, or supervisor who instituted this policy. They do not state whether it was a written policy, and if so, do not include a copy of the policy. Finally, there is no evidence that any other technicians were required to follow this policy, or that the other technicians also worked in excess of the 30 minutes in the morning, and 30 minutes or one hour at the end of the day, and were not compensated for their time. There is also no evidence that the excess time caused either plaintiffs or the other technicians to work in excess of 40 hours in a workweek.
This deficiency in plaintiffs' allegations is no more clearly shown that in their own affidavits. Plaintiff David Rogers states that he was allowed only 30 minutes each evening to turn in his equipment and paperwork. Certification of David Rogers at ¶ 12. Yet his co-plaintiff, Ivan Derrick, attests, under oath, that he was allowed up to one hour for the same task. Certification of Ivan Derrick at ¶ 12. Why one was given more time than the other is nowhere explained and, as noted above, could be just as easily explained by one worker's skill and efficiency as it could be by some illegal company policy. Accordingly, the allegations made by plaintiffs do not create the necessary factual nexus between plaintiffs' situation and the situation of the other technicians to warrant class certification at this time.
For the foregoing reasons, plaintiffs' motion for conditional class certification will be denied.