JEFFREY L. VIKEN, Chief Judge.
In January of 2018, plaintiffs brought this diversity action alleging breach of contract, unjust enrichment and tortious interference with a contract. (Docket 1). Now pending before the court is plaintiffs' motion for service costs and attorney's fees. (Docket 27). Plaintiffs assert defendants refused to waive service without good cause. Defendants respond that defendants improperly sent the request to waive service and that plaintiffs unnecessarily incurred service expenses without giving defendants the opportunity to waive service. (Docket 29). Defendants also contest the amount of attorney's fees plaintiffs seek. (Docket 32). For the reasons given below, the court finds defendants must pay service costs and attorney's fees to plaintiffs but disagrees with plaintiffs' calculation of those costs.
Plaintiffs communicated with defense counsel Nathan Chicoine prior to filing the complaint. (Docket 27-1 at pp. 2-4). On January 29, 2018, plaintiffs' counsel asked Mr. Chicoine via e-mail if he would waive service on behalf of defendants.
On May 30, plaintiffs' counsel contacted defendant Kenneth Price—who is also the registered agent for defendants Samson, Inc. and Black Earth Inc.— by e-mail with a waiver request. (Docket 27-5). Plaintiffs also sent the waiver request to defendant Price's home by FedEx.
On June 27, the court authorized plaintiffs to complete service by publication. (Docket 13). Plaintiffs published notice in the Rapid City Journal and the Black Hills Pioneer. (Dockets 17-19). The publication ended on August 15. On September 6, defendants answered the complaint through Mr. Chicoine. (Docket 21). Defendant Price now states he was unaware of this action until notice was published in the Journal and the Pioneer. (Docket 28 at ¶ 13). He further states he hired counsel in August.
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(d)(2) states:
Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d)(2)(A)-(B). Defendants "ha[ve] a duty to avoid unnecessary expenses of serving the summons." Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d)(1).
Where, as here, the applicable fee-shifting provision does not explain how to calculate attorney's fees, the court uses the lodestar method.
"A reasonable hourly rate is usually the ordinary rate for similar work in the community where the case has been litigated."
The court first finds defendants did not show good cause for their failure to waive service. It is undisputed that defendants did not waive service. The question is whether there was good cause for that failure. If not, defendants are liable for plaintiffs' service costs and the attorney's fees associated with this motion. Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d)(2).
In an attempt to establish good cause, defendants argue plaintiffs did not send the request for a waiver by "reliable means." (Docket 29 at p. 3) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d)(1)(G)) ("The . . . [waiver] request must be sent by first-class mail or other reliable means."). Defendants note plaintiffs sent their waiver request to defendant Price's "old email" and argue plaintiffs "knew Defendant Samson, Inc. had sold assets of the company and Mr. Price had not been in communication with him by email for many months."
These arguments are unavailing. The advisory committee that drafted this portion of Rule 4 stated "private messenger services or electronic communications . . . may be equally reliable" as first-class mail. 1993 Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 4. "In the decades since the 1993 Advisory Committee Notes were drafted, other forms of electronic communication—such as email—have become more prevalent and have been used effectively to send waiver requests under Rule 4(d)." 4A Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller,
Defendants would show good cause for failing to waive service if they showed they did not receive the waiver request.
In addition, the court finds it improbable that defendants first learned of this suit through notice published in local newspapers. At the very least, it seems more likely that Mr. Chicoine notified defendants of the impending suit. In any event, it is sufficient for the court to conclude defendants failed to show plaintiffs' methods of sending the waiver request were unreliable or that they did not receive the request.
Having concluded defendants failed to waive service and did not show good cause for the failure, the court "must impose on the defendant[s] the expenses later incurred in making service and the reasonable expenses, including attorney's fees, of any motion required to collect those service expenses." Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(d)(2)(A)-(B). The parties dispute those costs. Defendants argue they cannot be liable for service costs plaintiffs incurred before they had "a reasonable time to return the waiver." (Docket 29 at p. 3). They assert they cannot be liable for costs incurred before June 24, 2018-30 days after plaintiffs sent the waiver request via FedEx and e-mail on May 25.
Rule 4(d) only requires the court to impose service costs incurred after defendants failed to waive.
1993 Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 4. This is exactly the situation in the present case, where plaintiffs request service costs incurred before the expiration of the time allotted to defendants to return the waiver. Plaintiffs' waiver request was dated May 25 and allowed 30 days for defendants to return the waiver, in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(d)(1)(F). (Docket 27-5). Therefore, only service costs incurred after June 24, when the waiver request expired, can be imposed on defendants.
Plaintiffs incurred $677.55 in service costs after June 24.
Plaintiffs also request $2,420 in attorney's fees associated with the motion for service costs. (Docket 31). Plaintiffs state two attorneys, Greg Hearing and Zachary Weiss, worked on the motion.
Defendants assert the amount of time Mr. Hearing and Mr. Weiss spent on this matter was duplicative and unnecessary. (Docket 32 at pp. 3-4). They also assert Mr. Hearing's and Mr. Weiss' hourly rates are unreasonably high by South Dakota standards.
The court notes plaintiffs did not support Mr. Hearing's claimed hours with client invoices. While plaintiffs' affidavit asserts Mr. Hearing worked 5.6 hours on the motion, the attached invoices only show 3.6 hours worked. (Docket 31 at pp. 2, 7). The court accordingly will only calculate the attorney's fees for Mr. Hearing for 3.6 hours. Otherwise, the court does not find a total of 7.6 hours spent preparing the briefing for this motion is excessive or duplicative.
The court finds Mr. Hearing's and Mr. Weiss' hourly rates are excessive in the South Dakota legal community. Plaintiffs did not show they were unable to find competent local counsel to litigate this matter, so the court need not evaluate Mr. Hearing's and Mr. Weiss' billing rate by the standards of their home market in Colorado.
Mr. Hearing is a 2012 law school graduate who practices commercial litigation. (Docket 31 at ¶ 4). Mr. Weiss is a 2018 law school graduate.
At a rate of $150 per hour multiplied by 3.6 hours worked on this motion, Mr. Hearing is entitled to $540 in attorney's fees. At a rate of $100 per hour multiplied by 4 hours worked on this case, Mr. Weiss is entitled to $400 in attorney's fees. The court must order defendants to pay these costs.
For the reasons given above, it is
ORDERED that plaintiffs' motion for attorney's fees and service costs (Docket 27) is granted in part and denied in part.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that defendants must pay to plaintiffs $677.55 in service costs and $940 in attorney's fees. Defendants must pay these amounts to plaintiffs within 21 days of the date of this order.