JOSEPH H. RODRIGUEZ, District Judge.
Presently before the Court are several motions filed by the parties in these cases, which have been consolidated. In addition to the above captioned case ("the 4717 case"), the other two cases implicated in these motions are as follows:
Over the course of the many months that this litigation has been pending, the parties resolved a majority of the issues during a series of meetings with Magistrate Judge Schneider. In addition, in her opposition brief, Murdock voluntarily abandons a number of the claims against Zucker.
On August 17, 2011, this Court entered an Order dismissing all of Murdock's claims under the FDCPA against moving Defendants East Coast Mortgage Company ("East Coast"), OneWest Bank, FSB ("OneWest"), and McCabe, Weisberg and Conway ("McCabe") on the ground that the claims were time barred.
The parties are familiar with complicated procedural evolution of the three actions currently before the Court, the identities of all parties currently or previously involved in the litigation, and the specifics of the allegations advanced. The Court recites only on the facts that are germane to the instant motions.
Defendant Zucker served as counsel to IndyMac Federal Savings Bank and initiated foreclosure proceedings against one of Murdock's properties located in Burlington, New Jersey. The procedural and factual history of the Burlington foreclosure action are relevant to the disposition of the present motion. The relevant facts of that transaction are as follows.
On October 24, 2007, Murdock and East Coast entered into a loan agreement in connection with the purchase of a property located at 7 Brook Drive, Burlington, New Jersey ("Burlington Property"). (
On July 11, 2008 IndyMac Bank, FSB ("IndyMac") was closed by the Office of Thrift Supervision ("OTS") and the FDIC was appointed as its receiver. (Second Am. Compl., Ex. A., Determination of Insufficient Assets To Satisfy Claims Against Financial Institution in Receivership, 74 Fed. Reg. 59,540 (FDIC Nov. 18, 2009)("FDIC Notice")). On the same day, OTS authorized creation of IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB ("IndyMac Federal"), a new federal savings bank for which the FDIC was appointed as conservator. (
According to Murdock, on or about March 12, 2009, Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. ("MERS"), as nominee for East Coast Mortgage, executed an assignment of the Burlington Property Mortgage, without the Note, to IndyMac Federal. (Second Am. Compl. at ¶ 116.) However, the Burlington Property Mortgage alone, without the Note, was transferred by East Coast to MERS in its capacity as nominee. (
On March 19, 2009, IndyMac Federal was placed in receivership and substantially all of its assets were sold. On that date, the FDIC Receiver-IndyMac, the FDIC Conservator-IndyMac Federal and OneWest entered into multiple loan sale agreements ("Master Purchase Agreement"), whereby OneWest assumed substantially all of the assets of the FDIC Conservator-IndyMac Federal, including the Mortgage on the Burlington Property. (
One week later, on March 26, 2009, the Zucker law firm filed a Complaint for Foreclosure on the Burlington Property on behalf of IndyMac Federal in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Burlington County, bearing docket number F-16148-09 ("Burlington Foreclosure Case"). (
Murdock filed a Second Amended Complaint in this Court on October 12, 2010, which for the first time, contained claims under the FDCPA against McCabe, East Coast and One West and Zucker.
For the same reasons set forth in the Court's August 17, 2011 Opinion and Order, Zucker contends that Murdock's claims against it under the FDCPA are time barred and that equitable tolling of the limitations period is not warranted. Alternatively, Zucker moves to dismiss Murdock's FDCPA claims on the merits for failure to state a claim under Fed. R. 12 (b)(6). Murdock's reasoning in her opposition brief is intertwined with her motions for relief from judgment under Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b)(1) and (b)(6). She argues the Court's decision was error and opposses Zucker's Rule 12(b)(6) motion.
The Court considers the arguments under the following standards of review.
A complaint should be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) if the alleged facts, taken as true, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). Under Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), a pleading must contain only a "short plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." A plaintiff is not required to plead evidence.
When reviewing a motion to dismiss, "courts accept all factual allegations as true, construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, and determine whether, under any reasonable reading of the complaint, the plaintiff may be entitled to relief."
To determine the sufficiency of a complaint, the Third Circuit has held that the Court must conduct a three-step test.
"A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged."
Murdock moves under Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1) and (b)(6). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) provides:
Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b).
A motion filed pursuant to Rule 60(b) is left to the sound discretion of the trial court, and it "does not confer upon the district courts a `standardless residual of discretionary power to set aside judgments.'"
Murdock's Rule 60(b) motion implicates Zucker's motion to dismiss as it relates to the statute of limitations issue. Therefore, the Court will first address the statute of limitations issue.
Congress enacted the FDCPA "to eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors, to insure that those debt collectors who refrain from using abusive debt collection practices are not competitively disadvantaged, and to promote consistent State action to protect consumers against debt collection abuses." 15 U.S.C. § 1692e. The FDCPA prohibits, generally, the use of harassing oppressive, and abusive techniques in connection with the collection of debts, 15 U.S.C. § 1692d; the use of false, deceptive, or misleading representations in connection with the collection of debts, 15 U.S.C. § 1692e; and the use of unfair or unconscionable means in connection with the collection of debts, 15 U.S.C. § 1692f. Section 1692k provides a private right of action to any person with respect to whom a debt collector has violated the statute. 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(a). However, an action under the statute must be commenced "within one year from the date on which the violation occurs." 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(d).
Murdock's FDCPA cause of action began to accrue on March 26, 2009, or shortly thereafter on May 23, 2009, when she was served with the foreclosure complaint.
Although different communications from a creditor may be considered as separate violations of the FDCPA, McCabe's appearance in the case in January 2010 does not constitute a separate cause of action under the FDCPA that begins the limitations clock anew. Murdock's contention that the furthering of the foreclosure action by foreclosure counsel McCabe constitutes a separate violation that can be brought "within one year from the date on which the violation occurs," pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1692k(d) is not recognized in this Circuit. Indeed, the Third Circuit has declined to extend the "continuing violations doctrine" in a debt collection action against counsel in a foreclosure action.
For the same reasons, because the limitations clock began to run at the latest on May 23, 2009 against Zucker, Murdock's claims are time-barred.
Murdock's claims are not saved by the doctrine of equitable tolling. Equitable tolling is an extraordinary remedy that can rescue a claim otherwise barred by the statute of limitations "when a plaintiff has `been prevented from filing in a timely manner due to sufficiently inequitable circumstances.'"
The principles of equitable tolling do not extend to "garden-variety claims of excusable neglect."
Murdock takes issue with the Court's finding that the November 18, 2009 FDIC Notice, attached to the Second Amended Complaint, placed her and counsel on notice of a potential FDCPA claim by stating that: "On March 19, 2009, Indy Mac Federal was placed in receivership and substantially all of its assets were sold." Murdock contends that notice of a claim was not imputed because she had no way of knowing whether the Note and Mortgage were included in the group of assets sold until she received the response to her discovery requests on April 15, 2010. She contends that the word "substantially" undercuts the certainty of the sale of her Note and Mortgage and does not put her on notice of a potential claim under the FDCPA.
In addition, Murdock recites in her brief paragraphs 119, 120, 121, 130, 132, and 133 of the Second Amended Complaint in support of her contention that she sets forth sufficient facts under Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). As a result, she argues that the Court's August 17, 2011 is erroneous and that under these circumstances equitable tolling is appropriate. Murdock insists that it was not until McCabe furnished its responses to her First Set of Requests for Admissions on or about April 15, 2010, that she first became aware that IndyMac Federal was not the holder of the Note and Mortgage at the commencement of the foreclosure action.
Applying the Rule 60(b) standard to the facts of this case, the Court finds that Murdock is not entitled to relief, as there have been no extraordinary circumstances presented to invoke the equity of Rule 60(b). Rather, Murdock continues to argue that the dates employed in the Court's statute of limitations and equitable tolling analyses under the FDCPA are erroneous. Murdock also reargues that she was actively misled by the defendants and that this conduct caused her delayed discovery of the alleged FDCPA violations.
Contrary to her argument, Murdock has not demonstrated sufficient cause under Rule 60(b) for the Court to disturb its August 17, 2011 ruling. Murdock's FDCPA cause of action began to accrue on March 26, 2009, or shortly thereafter on May 23, 2009, when she was served with the foreclosure complaint.
(Opp'n to OneWest/EastCoast, p. 6.; Opp'n to McCabe, p. 4.) As the Court noted in its Opinion of August 17, 2011, Murdock's 79 page, 273 paragraph Second Amended Complaint, asserts sixteen causes of action. Counts IX-XVI merely recite, verbatim without further enhancement, the same legal conclusions found in four paragraphs contained in the Facts Common to All Claims section. These are merely legal conclusions, rather than factual allegations, that are not entitled to an assumption of truthfulness when ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss.
Murdock also fails to establish that she exercised due diligence in uncovering the relevant facts and preserving her claim. Murdock attempts to argue that she was unaware of the possibility that IndyMac Federal did not hold the Note until she received confirmation from McCabe in April of 2010. (Second Am. Compl., ¶¶ 129-30.) However, Murdock's unsupported contention is belied by the facts alleged and documentation relied on in her Second Amended Complaint. As the Court previously ruled, Murdock's First Set of Requests for Admissions filed in the Burlington Foreclosure Case repeatedly, if not exclusively, references the March 19, 2009 Master Purchase Agreement and transfer of substantially all assets from IndyMac Federal to OneWest.
Murdock has failed to show that the defendants actively misled her from ascertaining the existence of her FDCPA claims, and because she has failed to show that she exercised reasonable diligence in investigating and bringing these claims, the extreme remedy of equitable tolling is inappropriate.
Murdock argues that she did not have a good faith basis to file the FDCPA complaint after receiving the MERS notice. The Court disagrees. Accordingly, Murdock's FDCPA claims are dismissed as time-barred.
For the same reasons that Murdock's claim is time-barred as to McCabe, so too is Murdock's claim under the FDCPA as to Zucker. Zucker made the initial filing and service of the complaint in foreclosure to Murdock. Murdock's Complaint was filed nearly 19 months after service of the foreclosure action and it is, according, time-barred. For the same reasons that the extreme remedy of equitable tolling do not apply, as detailed
Zucker contends that Murdock failed to plead that she was a "consumer" who received a "communication" from a "debt collector" regarding a "debt" as required by 15 U.S.C. § 1692. In addition, Zucker claims that it is not subject to the FDCPA and that Murdock fails to identify which provision of the FDCPA Zucker allegedly violated. For these reasons, Zucker moves for dismissal.
The Court notes that Zucker's arguments in this regard were not opposed by Murdock in her opposition brief, as the majority of the brief deals with Zucker's arguments related to the law of the case and the statute of limitations. While it appears that Murdock has not offered any counter point to Zucker's arguments, the Court need not reach Zucker's argument that Murdock fails to state a claim under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) in light of its ruling that such claims are procedurally defaulted under the statute of limitations.
For the foregoing reasons, Murdock's motions to set aside the Court's August 17, 2011 Order are denied and Zucker's motion to dismiss is granted. An appropriate Order shall issue.
The direct appeal was dismissed because the Court's August 17, 2011 Order did not constitute a final order and Appellate review was not ripe. For this reason, Defendant McCabe's contention that Murdock's Rule 60(b) motions are procedurally defaulted in light of Murdock's direct appeal is unavailing. The Court has, and may have always had, jurisdiction to entertain Murdock's motions.